铁路隧道的施工方法 高速铁路隧道施工方法主要有哪些
\u9ad8\u94c1\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff08\uff09
\u6df1\u57cb\u6697\u6316\u6cd5
E. \u65b0\u5965\u6cd5
B. \u5730\u4e0b\u8fde\u7eed\u5899\u6cd5
C. \u76d6\u6316\u6cd5
DA
A E
A E
\u5730\u4e0b\u8fde\u7eed\u5899\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e34\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u65b9\u6cd5
\u76d6\u6316\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5730\u94c1\u8f66\u7ad9
\u6ca1\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u6709\u6df1\u57cb\u6697\u6316\u6cd5
\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u57cb\u6697\u6316\u6cd5\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u94bb\u7206\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u77ff\u5c71\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u94bb\u7206\u6cd5\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u5965\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u65bd\u5de5\u3002
1\u3001\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f6e\u5ed3\u4e00\u6b21\u7206\u7834\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fee\u5efa\u886c\u780c\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a
\uff081\uff09I\uff5eIV\u7ea7\u56f4\u5ca9\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u4e8e\u2163\u7ea7\u56f4\u5ca9\u65f6\uff0c\u56f4\u5ca9\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u4ece\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u5230\u521d\u671f\u652f\u62a4\u524d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u6709\u94bb\u5b54\u53f0\u8f66\u6216\u81ea\u5236\u4f5c\u4e1a\u53f0\u67b6\u53ca\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u88c5\u8fd0\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u96a7\u9053\u957f\u5ea6\u6216\u65bd\u5de5\u533a\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5b9c\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c0f\u4e8elkm\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u578b\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u65bd\u5de5\uff0c\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u3002
\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5
\u96a7\u9053\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u65bd\u5de5\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u6761\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\uff1a
\u5f00\u6316\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\uff1a\u94bb\u5b54\u53f0\u8f66\u3001\u88c5\u836f\u53f0\u8f66\u3001\u88c5\u8f7d\u673a\u914d\u5408\u81ea\u5378\u6c7d\u8f66\uff08\u65e0\u8f68\u8fd0\u8f93\uff09\u3001\u88c5\u6e23\u673a\u914d\u5408\u77ff\u8f66\u53ca\u7535\u74f6\u8f66\u6216\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u8f66\uff08\u6709\u8f68\u8fd0\u8f93\uff09\u3002
\u951a\u55b7\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\uff1a\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u55b7\u5c04\u673a\u3001\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u55b7\u5c04\u673a\u68b0\u624b\u3001\u951a\u55b7\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u8fdb\u6599\u8fd0\u8f93\u8bbe\u5907\u53ca\u951a\u6746\u704c\u6d46\u8bbe\u5907\u3002
\u6a21\u7b51\u886c\u780c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\uff1a\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u62cc\u548c\u673a\u5177\u3001\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u8f93\u9001\u8f66\u53ca\u8f93\u9001\u6cf5\u3001\u9632\u6c34\u5c42\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u886c\u780c\u94a2\u6a21\u53f0\u8f66\u3002
\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u6cd5\u65bd\u5de5\u7279\u70b9\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5f00\u6316\u65ad\u9762\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u3001\u5e72\u6270\u5c0f\uff1b
\uff082\uff09\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5145\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u529b\uff1b
\uff083\uff09\u5de5\u5e8f\u5c11\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u65bd\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b
\uff084\uff09\u5f00\u6316\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u5f62\uff0c\u5bf9\u56f4\u5ca9\u6270\u52a8\u5c11\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u56f4\u5ca9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
2\u3001\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u65bd\u5de5\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u662f\u5148\u5f00\u6316\u4e0a\u534a\u65ad\u9762\uff0c\u5f85\u5f00\u6316\u81f3\u4e00\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u540e\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u6316\u4e0b\u534a\u65ad\u9762\uff0c\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u534a\u65ad\u9762\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u8fdb\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u6309\u53f0\u9636\u957f\u77ed\u6709\u957f\u53f0\u9636\u3001\u77ed\u53f0\u9636\u548c\u8d85\u77ed\u53f0\u9636\u4e09\u79cd\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u65ad\u9762\u96a7\u9053\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e09\u53f0\u9636\u4e34\u65f6\u4ef0\u62f1\u6cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u3002
\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u65bd\u5de5
\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u65bd\u5de5
\u81f3\u4e8e\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u521d\u671f\u652f\u62a4\u5f62\u6210\u95ed\u5408\u65ad\u9762\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56f4\u5ca9\u8d8a\u5dee\uff0c\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u77ed\uff1b
\uff082\uff09\u4e0a\u65ad\u9762\u65bd\u5de5\u6240\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u6316\u3001\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u51fa\u78b4\u7b49\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u65bd\u5de5\u573a\u5730\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\u5728\u8f6f\u5f31\u56f4\u5ca9\u4e2d\u5e94\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u6761\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u517c\u987e\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u65bd\u5de5\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5728\u56f4\u5ca9\u6761\u4ef6\u8f83\u597d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u673a\u68b0\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65bd\u5de5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\uff0c\u6545\u53ea\u8981\u8003\u8651\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\u53f0\u9636\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a
\u53f0\u9636\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6709\u5e72\u6270\uff1b\u53f0\u9636\u5f00\u6316\u867d\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u56f4\u5ca9\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u53f0\u9636\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f00\u6316\u9762\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0a\u90e8\u5f00\u6316\u652f\u62a4\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5c31\u8f83\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u90e8\u4f5c\u4e1a\u65f6\u5bf9\u4e0a\u90e8\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u53f0\u9636\u5f00\u6316\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u89e3\u51b3\u597d\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u534a\u65ad\u9762\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5e72\u6270\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5fae\u53f0\u9636\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5408\u4e3a\u2014\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65\u6398\u8fdb\uff1b\u957f\u53f0\u9636\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u62c9\u5f00\uff0c\u5e72\u6270\u8f83\u5c0f\uff1b\u800c\u77ed\u53f0\u9636\u5e72\u6270\u5c31\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u4e0a\u534a\u65ad\u9762\u8d2f\u901a\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u534a\u65ad\u9762\u65bd\u5de5\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u4e0b\u90e8\u5f00\u6316\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0a\u90e8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u82e5\u56f4\u5ca9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6bb5\u987a\u5e8f\u5f00\u6316\uff1b\u82e5\u56f4\u5ca9\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u7f29\u77ed\u4e0b\u90e8\u6398\u8fdb\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u5c3a\uff1b\u82e5\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u5dee\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de6\u53f3\u9519\u5f00\uff0c\u6216\u5148\u62c9\u4e2d\u69fd\u540e\u6316\u8fb9\u5e2e\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u4e0b\u90e8\u8fb9\u5899\u5f00\u6316\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u55b7\u5c04\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u89c4\u5b9a\u505a\u521d\u671f\u652f\u62a4\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u91cf\u6d4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u62f1\u9876\uff0c\u62f1\u811a\u548c\u8fb9\u5899\u4e2d\u90e8\u4f4d\u79fb\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u73b0\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef0\u62f1\u5c01\u95ed\u3002
3\u3001\u73af\u5f62\u5f00\u6316\u7559\u6838\u5fc3\u571f\u6cd5
\u73af\u5f62\u5f00\u6316\u7559\u6838\u5fc3\u571f\u6cd5
\u73af\u5f62\u5f00\u6316\u7559\u6838\u5fc3\u571f\u6cd5\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u73af\u5f62\u5f00\u6316\u8fdb\u5c3a\u5b9c\u4e3a0.5-1.0m\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u571f\u9762\u79ef\u5e94\u4e0d\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u65ad\u9762\u9762\u79ef\u768450%\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u5f00\u6316\u540e\u5e94\u53ca\u65f6\u65bd\u5de5\u55b7\u951a\u652f\u62a4\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u94a2\u67b6\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u76f8\u90bb\u94a2\u67b6\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u94a2\u7b4b\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u6309\u65bd\u5de5\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65bd\u5de5\u9501\u89d2\u951a\u6746\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u56f4\u5ca9\u5730\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u5dee\uff0c\u81ea\u7a33\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u6316\u524d\u5e94\u6309\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8d85\u524d\u652f\u62a4\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u571f\u4e0e\u4e0b\u53f0\u9636\u5f00\u6316\u5e94\u518d\u4e0a\u53f0\u9636\u652f\u62a4\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u3001\u55b7\u5c04\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u8fbe\u5230\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f3a\u5ea6\u768470%\u3002
4\u3001\u4e2d\u9694\u58c1\u6cd5\uff08CD\u6cd5\uff09CD \u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8f6f\u5f31\u56f4\u5ca9\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u96a7\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5f00\u6316\u96a7\u9053\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\uff0c\u5e76\u65bd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9694\u58c1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u5f00\u6316\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u53cc\u7ebf\u96a7\u9053\u2163\u7ea7\u56f4\u5ca9\u6df1\u57cb\u786c\u8d28\u5ca9\u5730\u6bb5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8001\u9ec4\u571f\u96a7\u9053\uff08\u2163\u7ea7\u56f4\u5ca9\uff09\u5730\u6bb5\u3002
\u4e2d\u9694\u58c1\u6cd5\uff08CD\u6cd5\uff09
5.\u4ea4\u4e2d\u9694\u58c1\u6cd5\uff08CRD\u6cd5\uff09\u4ea4\u4e2d\u9694\u58c1\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u8f6f\u5f31\u56f4\u5ca9\u5927\u8de8\u96a7\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u5f00\u6316\u96a7\u9053\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u4e00\u6216\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206......
\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709()\uff1a 1\u3001\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u5f00\u6316\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f6e\u5ed3\u4e00\u6b21\u7206\u7834\u6210\u5f62,\u7136\u540e\u4fee\u5efa\u886c\u780c\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u9002\u7528\u6761\u4ef6:(1)I...
\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1a \u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5:\u5148\u62f1\u540e\u5899\u6cd5\u6f0f\u6597\u68da\u67b6\u6cd5\u53f0\u9636\u6cd5\u5168\u65ad\u9762\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5bfc\u5751\u5148\u5899\u540e\u62f1\u6cd5\u8611\u83c7\u5f62\u6cd5\u4fa7\u58c1\u5bfc\u5751\u5148\u5899\u540e\u62f1\u6cd5\u7206\u7834\u5f00\u6316...
\u6c34\u4e0b\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1a \u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u94bb\u7206\u6cd5(\u77ff\u5c71\u6cd5)\u3001\u56f4\u5830\u660e\u6316\u6cd5\u3001\u6c14\u538b\u6c89\u7bb1\u6cd5\u3001\u76fe\u6784\u6cd5\u548c\u6c89\u7ba1\u6cd5(\u89c1\u96a7\u9053\u5de5\u7a0b)\u7b49\u3002\u76ee\u524d,\u76fe\u6784\u6cd5\u548c\u6c89\u7ba1\u6cd5...
\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a \u6839\u636e\u96a7\u9053\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5730\u5c42\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55,\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b:1.\u5c71\u5cad\u96a7\u9053:\u77ff\u5c71...
\u96a7\u9053\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5?\uff1a \u96a7\u9053\u5de5\u7a0b\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u2460\u660e\u6316\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u62c6\u8fc1\u91cf\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u6b64\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9020\u4ef7\u4f4e\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u4f46\u4ea4\u901a\u5e72\u6270\u5927,\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5e02\u533a\u4e0d\u5bb9...
\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a \u6d77\u5e95\u96a7\u9053\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5: (1)\u76fe\u6784\u6cd5(\u4e00\u79cd\u6398\u8fdb\u673a)\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u591a\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u6cd5\u3002 \u8be5\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5730\u9762(\u6216\u6d77\u5e95...
\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u96a7\u9053\u5de5\u7a0b\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6307( )\uff1a A
\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e8e\u54ea\u51e0\u79cd?\u8bf4\u660e\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a \u662f\u5f00\u6316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5427,\u4eb2
\u96a7\u9053\u53ca\u5730\u4e0b\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1a \u77ff\u5c71\u6cd5,\u6d45\u57cb\u6697\u6316\u6cd5,\u94a2\u7b52\u6cd5,\u76fe\u6784\u6cd5,\u6c89\u7ba1\u6cd5\u7b49
\u5404\u79cd\u96a7\u9053\u65bd\u5de5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a \u4e00)\u65bd\u5de5\u539f\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u578b\u65bd\u5de5\u673a\u68b0\u914d\u5957\u65bd\u5de5,\u5f00\u6316\u51fa\u6e23\u673a\u68b0\u914d\u5957\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\u3001\u521d\u671f\u652f\u62a4\u783c\u673a\u68b0\u914d\u5957\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7ebf\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6b21\u886c\u780c\u783c\u65bd...
\u522b\u7ba1\u662f\u9ad8\u94c1\u96a7\u9053 \u8fd8\u662f\u516c\u8def\u96a7\u9053\u7b49\u3002\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u5965\u6cd5\u3002
隧道掘进施工，采用小导坑超前后全断面爆破跟进，在同一坑道内平导在前，全断面扩孔光爆围岩成拱形状好，再进行支护，衬砌，质量高，进度快，能确保衬砌内实外美、安装防水板切实起到防水作用，保证衬砌不渗不漏。
绛旓細鍦ㄩ搧璺毀閬撴柦宸ヨ繃绋嬩腑锛屼竴绉嶉珮鏁堢殑鎺樿繘鏂规硶琚箍娉涘簲鐢ㄣ杩欑鏂规硶棣栧厛閫氳繃灏忓鍧戠殑寮鎸栵紝閲囩敤瓒呭墠鏂藉伐绛栫暐锛岀劧鍚庡湪鍧戦亾鍐呭疄鏂藉叏鏂潰鐖嗙牬锛屼互纭繚鍚庣画宸ヤ綔椤哄埄杩涜銆傝繖绉嶆柟娉曠殑鐗圭偣鏄钩瀵煎厛琛岋紝鐖嗙牬浜х敓鐨勫博鐭宠兘澶熷舰鎴愯壇濂界殑鎷卞舰缁撴瀯锛屼负鍚庣画鐨勬敮鎶ゅ拰琛爩鎻愪緵浜嗙ǔ鍥虹殑鍩虹銆傚湪鐖嗙牬鍚庯紝鏂藉伐鍥㈤槦浼氳繘琛岀粏鑷寸殑鏀姢鍜岃‖...
绛旓細鐩墠閾佽矾闅ч亾寮鎸栨柟娉曚富瑕佹湁閽荤垎鏂藉伐娉銆佹帢杩涙満鏂藉伐娉曘佺浘鏋勬柦宸ユ硶銆佹矇绠℃柦宸ユ硶銆佹槑鎸栨柦宸ユ硶銆傛渶甯哥敤寮鎸栨柟娉曟槸閽荤垎娉曟柦宸ユ硶銆
绛旓細涓揪鍜ㄨ灏忕紪閫氳繃鐩稿叧鍐呭鐨勬⒊鐞嗭紝鐜伴樁娈碉紝甯哥敤閾佽矾闅ч亾鏂藉伐鏂规硶涓昏鏄互閽荤垎娉曚负涓锛屽熀鏈儏鍐靛涓嬶細鍦ㄩ毀閬撳博闈笂閽荤溂锛屽苟瑁呭～鐐歌嵂鐖嗙牬锛岀敤鍏ㄦ柇闈㈠紑鎸栨垨鍒嗛儴寮鎸栫瓑灏嗛毀閬撳紑鎸栨垚鍨嬬殑鏂藉伐鏂规硶銆傞捇鐖嗘硶寮鎸栦綔涓氱▼搴忓寘鎷捇瀛斻佽鑽佺垎鐮淬侀氶銆佹敮鎶ゃ佽纰淬佽繍杈撶瓑宸ュ簭銆傞捇瀛斺憼閽诲瓟锛氳鍏堣璁＄偖瀛旀柟妗堬紝鐒跺悗鎸...
绛旓細闅ч亾澶栭儴璺爲璁捐闇鑰冭檻鎺掓按鍜岄槻娓楁紡锛屾礊鍐呮笚婕忓垯閲囩敤閽诲瓟闆嗕腑鎺掓按銆傝‖鐮岃儗鍚庤缃洸娌燂紝濉厖鐭宠川纭墖鐭筹紝纭繚鎺掓按閫氱晠銆傛姘村甫鎺ュご鏍规嵁鏉愯川閲囩敤鎼帴鎴栧鍚堟柟娉曪紝闃叉按灞傛寜鐜姸閾鸿銆傞氶璁炬柦鍜岃澶囬夋嫨瑕佹牴鎹伐绋嬫潯浠剁‘瀹氾紝淇濊瘉鏂藉伐浜哄憳瀹夊叏鍜屽伐浣滅幆澧冦傛枩浜曡繍杈撳畨鍏ㄨ姹傝缃尅杞﹀櫒锛岀珫浜曡娓ｉ噰鐢ㄦ姄宀╂満锛岀‘淇濆畨鍏...
绛旓細涓浗楂橀熼搧璺墦闅ч亾澶ч儴鍒嗛噰鐢═BM鏂规杩涜闅ч亾鏂藉伐銆傞毀閬撴帢杩涙満姊扮畝绉癟BM锛屽綋闅ч亾闀垮害涓庣洿寰勪箣姣斿ぇ浜600鏃讹紝閲囩敤TBM杩涜闅ч亾鏂藉伐鏄粡娴庣殑銆俆BM鏈澶х殑浼樼偣鏄揩閫燂紝鍏朵竴鑸熺巼涓哄父瑙勯捇鐖嗘硶鐨3鍒10鍊嶏紝姝ゅ锛岄噰鐢═BM鏂藉伐杩樻湁浼樿川銆佸畨鍏ㄣ佹湁鍒╀簬鐜淇濇姢鍜岃妭鐪佸姵鍔ㄥ姏绛変紭鐐癸紝鐢变簬TBM鎻愰珮浜嗘帢杩涢熺巼锛屽伐鏈熷ぇ涓虹缉鐭...
绛旓細寮鎸鏂规硶鏈夋槑鎸栨硶鍜屾殫鎸栨硶锛屽閽荤垎娉曢噰鐢ㄥ叏鏂潰鎴栧垎閮ㄥ紑鎸栵紝娑夊強鍒伴捇瀛斻佽鑽佺垎鐮淬侀氶銆佹敮鎶ょ瓑澶嶆潅宸ュ簭銆傞殢鐫鎶鏈繘姝ワ紝濡傜浘鏋勬硶鍜屾帢杩涙満娉曞湪鏉捐蒋鍦板眰涓殑搴旂敤锛屼互鍙婂柗閿氭敮鎶ょ殑鎺ㄥ箍锛屼笉浠呮彁楂樹簡鏂藉伐鏁堢巼锛屼篃闄嶄綆浜嗗鍥村博鐨勭牬鍧忋闅ч亾琛爩鍒欐槸淇濋殰杩愯惀瀹夊叏鐨勫叧閿紝甯哥敤鐨勭被鍨嬪寘鎷贩鍑濆湡绫汇侀鍒跺潡鎷艰鍜...
绛旓細銆愮瓟妗堛戯細C 鐖嗘硶鏄毀閬撳伐绋嬩腑閫氳繃閽荤溂銆佺垎鐮淬佸嚭娓ｈ屽舰鎴愮粨鏋勭┖闂寸殑涓绉嶅紑鎸栨柟娉曪紝鏄洰鍓嶄慨寤哄北宀毀閬撴渶閫氳鐨勬柦宸ユ柟娉銆傚綋閾佽矾闅ч亾閲囩敤閽荤垎娉曟柦宸ユ椂锛岃鍥村博绾у埆鍙婃柇闈㈠ぇ灏忕瓑鍥犵礌鍙夌敤鍏ㄦ柇闈㈡硶銆佸彴闃舵硶銆佷腑闅斿娉曘佸弻渚у瀵煎潙娉曠瓑锛屽疁浼樺厛閫夌敤鍏ㄦ柇闈㈡硶鎴栧彴闃舵硶寮鎸栥
绛旓細棣栧厛锛屾柊濂ユ硶锛圢ew Austrian Tunnelling Method锛岀畝绉癗ATM锛夊湪閾佽矾闅ч亾鏂藉伐涓殑鐏垫椿鎬у挨涓虹獊鍑恒傝繖绉鏂规硶寮鸿皟鏍规嵁鍥村博鐨勫叿浣撴儏鍐碉紝鍔ㄦ佽皟鏁存敮鎶ょ粨鏋勫拰寮鎸鏂瑰紡銆備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄥ湴璐ㄦ潯浠跺鏉傚鍙樼殑鍦版锛屾柊濂ユ硶鑳藉閫氳繃瀹炴椂鐩戞祴鍜屼俊鎭弽棣堬紝鍙婃椂璋冩暣鏀姢鍙傛暟锛屽閿氭潌闀垮害銆佸柗灏勬贩鍑濆湡鍘氬害绛夛紝浠ラ傚簲涓嶅悓鍦拌川鐜锛屼粠鑰岀‘淇...
绛旓細鍦ㄥ缓閫犳按涓閾佽矾闅ч亾鏃讹紝鍙噰鐢ㄥ绉嶆柦宸ユ妧鏈紝濡傞捇鐖嗘硶銆佺浘鏋勬硶銆佹矇绠℃硶鍜屾槑鎸栨硶銆傞捇鐖嗘硶閫傜敤浜庢按涓嬪博灞傦紝鏂藉伐鏃堕渶娉ㄩ噸闃叉娑屾按鍜屽鏂癸紝閫氳繃鍦ㄩ毀閬撳懆鍥存敞娴嗗姞鍥虹牬纰庡博灞傘傚湪杞湡灞備腑锛屽父鐢ㄧ浘鏋勬硶锛屽畠鑳芥湁鏁堝簲瀵硅繖绫诲湴灞鐨勬柦宸鎸戞垬銆傚湪娴锋腐鍩庡競鎴栨潯浠堕傚疁鐨勫湴鏂癸紝娌夌娉曟槸涓涓紭閫夋柟妗堬紝閫氳繃棰勫厛鎸栧ソ娌熸Ы...
绛旓細鍏ㄦ柇闈㈠紑鎸栨硶鏄竴娆″紑鎸栨垚鍨嬬殑鏂规硶銆備竴鑸噰鐢ㄥ甫鏈夊嚳宀╂満鐨勫彴杞﹂捇瀛旓紝鐢ㄦ绉掔垎鐮达紝鍠烽敋鏀姢銆傝繕瑕佹湁澶у瀷瑁呯⒋杩愯緭鏈烘鍜岄氶璁惧銆傚叏鏂潰寮鎸栨硶鍙堟紨鍙樹负鍗婃柇闈㈡硶銆傚崐鏂潰娉曟槸寮у舰涓婂崐閮ㄩ鍏堬紝涓嬪崐閮ㄩ殧涓娈佃窛绂鏂藉伐銆傚垎閮ㄥ紑鎸栨硶鏄厛鐢ㄥ皬鏂潰瓒呭墠寮鎸栧鍧,鐒跺悗,灏嗗鍧戞墿澶у埌鍗婃柇闈㈡垨鍏ㄦ柇闈㈢殑寮鎸栨柟娉曘傝繖绉...
