乙醇和乙醛的极性大小 乙醇与乙醛它们的性质有什么不同？
\u4e59\u9187\u548c\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u6781\u6027\u4e00\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u5236\u5907\u548c\u7528\u9014
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7ed3\u6784
\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3aC2H6O\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u662f\u2014OH\uff08\u7f9f\u57fa\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e3a \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3aCH3\u2014CH2\u2014OH\u6216C2H5\u2014OH\u6216CH3CH2OH\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u6027\u8d28
1\uff0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28
\u4e59\u9187\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9999\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u5c0f\u3002\u4e59\u9187\u4fd7\u79f0\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u6613\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6eb6\u89e3\u591a\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u548c\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u8ddf\u6c34\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e92\u6eb6\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u5236\u5907\u548c\u7528\u9014
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7ed3\u6784
\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3aC2H6O\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u662f\u2014OH\uff08\u7f9f\u57fa\uff09\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e3a \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3aCH3\u2014CH2\u2014OH\u6216C2H5\u2014OH\u6216CH3CH2OH\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u3002
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u6027\u8d28
1\uff0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28
\u4e59\u9187\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9999\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u5c0f\u3002\u4e59\u9187\u4fd7\u79f0\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u6613\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6eb6\u89e3\u591a\u79cd\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u548c\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u8ddf\u6c34\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e92\u6eb6\u3002
2\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
(1)\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94
2CH3CH2OH +2Na\u2014\u2014\u21922 CH3CH2ONa +H2\u2191
CH3CH2OH+HBr\u25b3\u2014\uff0d\u2192CH3CH2Br+H2O
CH3CH2OH+HOCH2CH3\u6d53H2SO4\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192140\u2103CH3CH2OCH2CH3\uff08\u4e59\u919a\uff09+H2O
(2)\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94
CH3CH2OH+3O2\u70b9\u71c3\u2014\uff0d\u2192 2CO2+3H2O
2CH3CH2OH+O2Cu\u6216Ag\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 2CH3CHO\uff08\u4e59\u919b\uff09+2H2O
(3)\u6d88\u53bb\u53cd\u5e94
CH3CH2OH \u6d53H2SO4\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192170\u2103 CH2\uff1dCH2\u2191+ H2O
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u5236\u5907\u548c\u7528\u9014
1\uff0e\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u5236\u5907
\uff081\uff09\uff0e\u53d1\u9175\u6cd5
\u6dc0\u7c89 \u6dc0\u7c89\u9176\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u9152\u5316\u9176\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 CH3CH2OH+CO2
\u53d1\u9175\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a6\uff05\uff5e10\uff05\uff0c\u7ecf\u84b8\u998f\u53ef\u5f9795\uff05\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e59\u9187\u3002\u542b\u4e59\u918799.5\uff05\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u53eb\u65e0\u6c34\u9152\u7cbe\u3002\u7528\u5de5\u4e1a\u9152\u7cbe\u4e0e\u65b0\u5236CaO\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u7ecf\u52a0\u70ed\u84b8\u998f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u65e0\u6c34\u4e59\u9187\u3002
\uff082\uff09\uff0e\u4e59\u70ef\u6c34\u5316\u6cd5
CH2\uff1dCH2+ H2O \u50ac\u5316\u5242\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u52a0\u70ed\u3001\u52a0\u538bCH3CH2OH
\u6240\u7528\u7684\u4e59\u70ef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u88c2\u89e3\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u4ea7\u3002
2\uff0e\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7528\u9014
\u4e59\u9187\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u533b\u836f\u3001\u9999\u6599\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u3001\u6cb9\u8102\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\uff1b\u4e59\u9187\u4e5f\u7528\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u533b\u7597\u6d88\u6bd2\u7528\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a75\uff05\u3002
\u4e8c\u3001\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u3001\u5236\u5907\u548c\u7528\u9014
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7ed3\u6784
1\uff0e\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u662fC2H4O\uff0c \u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u662fH\uff0d�0�6H�0�6HC\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dH\uff0c \u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u662fCH3CHO\uff0c
\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u662f\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dH\uff08\u919b\u57fa\uff09\u3002
2\uff0e\u4e59\u919b\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e59\u9187\u5c11\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff1b\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4e59\u919b\u53ef\u770b\u6210\u7531\u7532\u57fa\u548c\u919b\u57fa\u76f8\u8fde\u800c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u6027\u8d28
1\uff0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28
\u4e59\u919b\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u5177\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u6cb8\u70b9\u4f4e(20.8\u2103)\uff0c\u6613\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u80fd\u8ddf\u6c34\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u3001\u6c2f\u4eff\u7b49\u4e92\u6eb6\u3002
2\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
(1)\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u52a0H2\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u4e59\u9187\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u3002
CH3CHO+H2Ni\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 CH3CH2OH
(2)\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u6613\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u6210\u4e59\u9178\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
2CH3CHO+O2\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 2CH3COOH
CH3\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dH +2Ag(NH3)2OH\u6e29\u6c34\u6d74 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192 CH3\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dONH4 +Ag\u2193+3NH3+H2O(\u94f6\u955c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u5b58\u5728)
CH3\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dH + 2Cu(OH)2\u25b3\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192 CH3\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dOH+Cu2O\u2193+2H2O (\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u5b58\u5728)
\u4e59\u919b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u9178\u6027KMnO4\u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272\u3002
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u919b\u7684\u5236\u6cd5\u548c\u7528\u9014
1\uff0e\u4e59\u7094\u6c34\u5316\u6cd5\uff1aCH\u2261CH+H2O\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 CH3CHO
\u4e59\u70ef\u6c27\u5316\u6cd5\uff1a2CH2\uff1dCH2+O2\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u52a0\u70ed\u3001\u52a0\u538b 2CH3CHO
\u4e59\u9187\u6c27\u5316\u6cd5\uff1a2CH3CH2OH + O2Cu\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3 2CH3CHO+2H2O
2\uff0e\u4e59\u919b\u662f\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u53d6\u4e59\u9178\u3001\u4e01\u9187\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u4e59\u916f\u7b49\u3002
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u3001\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u919b\u662f\u7532\u919b\u3002\u7532\u919b\u53c8\u53eb\u8681\u919b\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u7532\u919b\u768435\uff05\uff5e40\uff05\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u53eb\u798f\u5c14\u9a6c\u6797\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6740\u83cc\u548c\u9632\u8150\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u7532\u919b\u5177\u6709\u9632\u8150\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6bd2\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7532\u919b\u53ef\u88abH2\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u7532\u9187\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u7532\u9178\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4e0e\u82ef\u915a\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7532\u919b\u4e0e\u82ef\u915a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u915a\u919b\u5851\u6599\u3002
\u4e09\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7528\u9014
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u7ed3\u6784
1\uff0e\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u662fC2H4O2\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u4e3a \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3aCH3COOH\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u4e3a\uff0d�0�6�0�6OC\uff0dOH\uff08\u7fa7\u57fa\uff09\u3002
2\uff0e\u4ece\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4e59\u9178\u53ef\u770b\u6210\u7531\u7532\u57fa\u548c\u7fa7\u57fa\u76f8\u8fde\u800c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u6027\u8d28
1\uff0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28
\u4e59\u9178\u53c8\u540d\u918b\u9178\u3001\u51b0\u918b\u9178\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u98df\u918b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206\u3002\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u918b\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u4e59\u9187\u7b49\u6eb6\u5242\u3002
2\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
(1)\u5f31\u9178\u6027 CH3COOH CH3COO -+H+\u3002
\u5177\u6709\u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff0c\u9178\u6027\u5f3a\u4e8e\u78b3\u9178\uff0c\u5f31\u4e8e\u76d0\u9178\u3002
CaCO3+2CH3COOH\u2014\u2014\u2192(CH3COO)2 Ca +CO2\u2191+H2O
CH3COONa+HCl\u2014\u2014\u2192CH3COOH+NaCl
(2)\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94
\u9178\u548c\u9187\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u916f\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u53eb\u4f5c\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7fa7\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u9187\u5206\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0a\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u6c34\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u916f\u3002\uff08\u9178\u7f9f\u9187\u6c22\uff0c\u51fa\u6c34\u6210\u916f\uff09
CH3COOH +CH3CH2OH\u6d53H2SO4\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2192\u25b3CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u7684\u7528\u9014
\u51b0\u918b\u9178\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u918b\u9178\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u3001\u6d82\u6599\u3001\u533b\u836f\u3001\u519c\u836f\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u3001\u67d3\u7ec7\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u51b0\u918b\u9178\u6309\u7528\u9014\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u98df\u7528\u4e24\u79cd,\u98df\u7528\u51b0\u918b\u9178\u53ef\u4f5c\u9178\u5473\u5242\u3001\u589e\u9999\u5242\u3002\u53ef\u751f\u4ea7\u5408\u6210\u98df\u7528\u918b\uff0c\u7528\u6c34\u5c06\u4e59\u9178\u7a00\u91ca\u81f34-5%\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5404\u79cd\u8c03\u5473\u5242\u800c\u5f97\u98df\u7528\u918b\u3002
\u4e8c\u3001\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5e94\u7528
1\uff0e\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784
\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3aC6H6O\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u4e3a \u6216 \u548cC6H5OH\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u4e2d12\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u82ef\u73af\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u915a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u9187\u7f9f\u57fa\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u65e2\u76f8\u4f3c\u53c8\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002
2\uff0e\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28
\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u82ef\u915a\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u9732\u7f6e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u4f1a\u90e8\u5206\u6c27\u5316\u800c\u5448\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u7194\u70b943\u2103\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u4e59\u9187\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u3002\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u82ef\u915a\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5927\uff089.3g\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e65\u2103\u65f6\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c34\u6df7\u6eb6\u3002\u82ef\u915a\u6709\u6bd2\uff0c\u5176\u6d53\u6eb6\u6db2\u5bf9\u76ae\u80a4\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8150\u8680\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u614e\u6cbe\u5230\u76ae\u80a4\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u7528\u9152\u7cbe\u6d17\u6da4\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u51b0\u51b2\u6d17\u3002
3\uff0e\u82ef\u915a\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28
\uff081\uff09\u5f31\u9178\u6027
\u82ef\u915a\u4fd7\u79f0\u77f3\u70ad\u9178\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u9178\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82ef\u73af\u5bf9\u7f9f\u57fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f9f\u57fa\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\u663e\u5f31\u9178\u6027
+ NaOH \u2192 + H2O
+ CO2 + H2O \u2192 + NaHCO3
\u56e0\u7535\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1aH2CO3> > HCO3-\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u94a0\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u53ea\u80fd\u751f\u6210NaHCO3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6210Na2CO3\u3002
\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7535\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u96be\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u8fd8\u80fd\u4e0e\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u82ef\u915a\u94a0\u548c\u78b3\u9178\u6c27\u94a0\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a + Na2CO3\u2192 + NaHCO3
\uff082\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94
+ 3Br2 \u2192 \u2193\uff08\u767d\u8272\uff09+ 3HBr
\u6ce8\uff1a\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u82ef\u915a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u663e\u8272\u53cd\u5e94
\u82ef\u915a\u9047FeCl3\u663e\u7d2b\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u82ef\u915a\u3002
\u915a\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\u9047FeCl3\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e00\u822c\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u663e\u7d2b\u8272\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u915a\u8ddf\u4e09\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\u6eb6\u6db2\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u84dd\u3001\u7d2b\u3001\u7eff\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u7269\u8d28
\u989c\u8272 \u7d2b\u8272 \u84dd\u8272 \u7ea2\u8272
\u7269\u8d28
\u989c\u8272 \u6df1\u7eff\u8272 \u84dd\u7d2b\u8272 \u6697\u7ea2\u8272
\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u663e\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5747\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u201c\u663e\u7d2b\u8272\u201d\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94
\u2460\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u82ef\u915a\u6676\u4f53\u5448\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\u2461\u82ef\u915a\u53ef\u4ee5\u71c3\u70e7
4\uff0e\u915a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u82ef\u73af\uff08\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u82b3\u73af\uff09\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u915a\u3002\u800c\u7f9f\u57fa\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u4e0a\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u662f\u82b3\u9999\u9187\u3002\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3aC7H8O\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u915a\u7c7b\uff1a (\u90bb\u7532\u82ef\u915a)\u3001 (\u95f4\u7532\u82ef\u915a)\u3001 (\u5bf9\u7532\u82ef\u915a)
\uff082\uff09\u82b3\u9999\u9187\uff1a \uff08\u82ef\u7532\u9187\uff09
\uff083\uff09\u919a\u7c7b\uff1a \uff08\u82ef\u7532\u919a\uff09
\u4e09\u3001\u915a\u4e2d\u57fa\u56e2\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd
1\uff0e\u82ef\u73af\u5bf9\u7f9f\u57fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd
\u82ef\u73af\u662f\u5438\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u800c\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e2d\u7684H\u2014O\u952e\u662f\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82ef\u73af\u5bf9\u7f9f\u57fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u5f3a\u70c8\u504f\u79bbH\u800c\u4f7fH\u2014O\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u7535\u79bb\u751f\u6210H+\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u82ef\u915a\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f31\u7684\u9178\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4e59\u9187\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u4e59\u57fa\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u4e59\u57fa\u662f\u65a5\u7535\u5b50\u57fa\u56e2\u4f7fH\u2014O\u952e\u7684\u6781\u6027\u51cf\u5f31\u800c\u4e0d\u6613\u7535\u79bb\u751f\u6210H+\uff0c\u4e0d\u663e\u9178\u6027\u3002
2\uff0e\u7f9f\u57fa\u5bf9\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u5f71\u54cd
\u82ef\u915a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f9f\u57fa\u5bf9\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u82ef\u73af\u88ab\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u7f9f\u57fa\u90bb\u4f4d\u548c\u5bf9\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7684H\u53d8\u5f97\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u6bd4\u82ef\u66f4\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u8ddf\u6eb4\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u82ef\u8ddf\u6db2\u6eb4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u6709\u94c1\u7c89\u4f5c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u624d\u53ef\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u800c\u82ef\u915a\u548c\u6d53\u6eb4\u6c34\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u5c31\u53ef\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
乙醇为极性16.9D，乙醛极性为2.69D。
极性溶剂是指含有羟基或羰基等极性基团的溶剂，即溶剂分子为极性分子的溶剂，由于其分子内正负电荷重心不重合而导致分子产生极性。用于表征分子极性大小的物理量为偶极矩或介电常数，介电常数大表示其极性大。有机物的分子除少数为非极性分子外，大多数是具有极性的。 其偶极矩不少还比水大，如一氯甲烷为1.87D、一氯乙浣为2.05D、溴苯为1.70D、乙醛为2.69D、丙酮为2.88D、硝基酸为4.22D、乙醇为16.9D，有机物的极性并不都很弱。极性大小如何判断
绛旓細涓銆涔欓唶鐨缁勬垚銆佺粨鏋勩佹ц川銆佸埗澶囧拰鐢ㄩ 锛堜竴锛夈佷箼閱囩殑缁勬垚鍜岀粨鏋 涔欓唶鐨勫垎瀛愬紡涓篊2H6O锛屽畼鑳藉洟鏄擮H锛堢緹鍩猴級锛岀粨鏋勫紡涓 锛岀粨鏋勭畝寮忎负CH3鈥擟H2鈥擮H鎴朇2H5鈥擮H鎴朇H3CH2OH锛屽垎瀛愪腑鍚湁涓ょ绫诲瀷鐨勬阿鍘熷瓙銆傦紙浜岋級銆佷箼閱囩殑鎬ц川 1锛庣墿鐞嗘ц川 涔欓唶鏄棤鑹层佹湁鐗规畩棣欏懗鐨勬恫浣擄紝瀵嗗害姣旀按灏忋備箼閱囦織绉閰掔簿锛...
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绛旓細銆旂敓銆曚箼閱涙槸鏃犺壊銆佸叿鏈夊埡婵鎬ф皵鍛崇殑娑蹭綋,瀵嗗害姣旀按灏,娌哥偣鏄20.8鈩,鏄撴尌鍙,鏄撶噧鐑,鑳借窡姘淬涔欓唶銆佹隘浠跨瓑浜掓憾銆 銆斿笀銆曞畼鑳藉洟鍐冲畾鐗╄川鐨勫寲瀛︽ц川,涔欓啗鐨鍖栧鎬ц川鏄敱閱涘熀鍐冲畾鐨勩傝鍚屽浠垎鏋愰啗鍩虹殑缁撴瀯,鎺ㄦ祴鍏跺湪鍖栧鍙嶅簲涓殑鏂鏂瑰紡銆 銆旂敓銆旵==O閿拰C鈥擧閿兘鏈鏋佹,閮藉彲鑳芥柇瑁傘 銆斿笀銆曚笅闈㈡垜浠氳繃涔欓啗...
绛旓細涔欓唶涔欓吀涔欓啗鐨勭孩澶栦笉鍚岀偣銆1銆佷箼閱囥佷箼閰鍜屼箼閱涚殑鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯涓嶅悓锛屼箼閱囦负閱囩被锛屼箼閰镐负缇ч吀绫伙紝涔欓啗涓洪啗绫伙紝瀹冧滑鐨勫寲瀛︽ц川鍜岀敤閫斾篃鏈夋墍涓嶅悓銆2銆佸湪IR鍏夎氨涓紝涔欓吀鐨凜=O浼哥缉鎸姩宄颁綅锛堝湪1730cm-1宸﹀彸锛夋瘮涔欓唶鍜屼箼閱楂橈紝杩欎笌缇у熀涓鏋佹涓庨潪鏋佹х數瀛愪簯涔嬮棿鐨勭浉浜掍綔鐢ㄦ湁鍏炽3銆佸湪IR鍏夎氨涓紝涔欓唶鍜屼箼閱...
绛旓細25 15 姘 20 80.4 涔欓吀 2 4.1 鎴婄函 20 15.8 宸ヤ笟閰掔簿 16锝31 鑻敳閱 20 4.3 鑼撮閱 20 15.8 鐜哀涔欑兎 25 14 涔欓啔 20 4.3 涔欎簩鑳 18 16 姘敳鐑 锛4锝12.6 鑻敳閱 24 4.3 鐢蹭笝閰 14 16.8 姘у寲閾 9.3锝11.5 鏋佹瓒婂ぇ锛屼粙鐢靛父鏁拌秺灏忥紝鏋佹ц秺灏忥紝浠嬬數甯告暟瓒婂ぇ ...
绛旓細姝ゅ,鍏堕潪鏋佹鐨勭儍鍩轰娇寰椾箼閱囦篃鍙憾瑙ｄ竴浜涢潪鏋佹х殑鐗╄川,渚嬪澶у鏁伴绮炬补鍜屽緢澶氬鍛冲墏銆佸鑹插墏鍜屽尰鑽瘯鍓傘 浜屻涔欓唶鐨勫寲瀛鎬ц川 1銆佽繕鍘熸 涔欓唶鍏锋湁杩樺師鎬,鍙互琚哀鍖(鍌寲姘у寲)鎴愪负涔欓啗鐢氳嚦杩涗竴姝ヨ姘у寲涓轰箼閰搞閰掔簿涓瘨鐨勭姜榄佺ジ棣栭氬父琚涓烘槸鏈変竴瀹氭瘨鎬х殑涔欓啗(涔欓唶鍦ㄤ綋鍐呬篃鍙互琚哀鍖,浣嗚緝缂撴參,鍥犱负娌℃湁鍌寲鍓),...
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