英语拼读规律 英语自然拼读法的基本规则有哪些
\u82f1\u8bed\u62fc\u8bfb\u89c4\u5f8b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282
\u5f00\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u8bfb\u97f3
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u91cd\u8bfb\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u548c\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
a
\u2460\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake
\u2461\u5728\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d
1\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u4f5c/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
2\u540e\u9762\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e3ast\uff0css\uff0cth\u65f6\u8bfb/\u0251:/
e
\u2460\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/i:/he,these,me,Chinese
\u2461\u5728\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
\u2460\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite
\u2461\u5728\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
\u2460\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no
\u2461\u5728\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
\u2460\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d
1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday
2.\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcdu\u5728\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcdj\u3001l\u3001r\u6216\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408ch\u3001sh\u3001tr\u3001dr\u540e\u9762\u65f6\uff08\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a[ʃ]\u3001[ʒ]\u3001[tʃ]\u3001[dʒ]\u3001[l]\u3001[r]\u3001[tr]\u3001[dr]\uff09\uff0c\u8bfb/u:/\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJune\uff0cblue\uff0cruler\uff0ctrue\u3002
\u2461\u5728\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
\u7279\u6b8a\u8bfb\u97f3
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bfb\u97f3
a
\u2460\u5728/w/\u97f3\u540e\u9762/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality
\u2461\u5728f\uff0cn\uff0csk\uff0cph\uff0csp\uff0css\uff0cst\uff0cth\uff0clm\u524d/\u03b1:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
\u5728-nd\uff0c-ld\u548cgh\u524d/aɪ/find,child,light,high
o
\u2460\u5728-st\uff0c-ld\u524d/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold
\u2461\u5728m\uff0cn\uff0cv\uff0cth\u524d/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother
r\u97f3\u8282
-r\u97f3\u8282\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u5728\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
ar
\u2460/\u03b1:/car,farm,dark,sharpener
\u2461\u5728/w/\u97f3\u540e\u9762/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards
or
\u2460/ɔ:/forty morning short
\u2461/ɜ:/word worker worse
er\uff0cir\uff0cur
/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday
\u6ce8\uff1a\u2460\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcdr\u53cc\u5199\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0er\u6784\u6210-r\u97f3\u8282,\u800c\u662f\u6309\u91cd\u8bfb\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u62fc\u8bfb\u89c4\u5219\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1acarry\uff0csorry\uff0churry\u3002\u2461-r\u97f3\u8282\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8bfb/ə/\u97f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1adollar\uff0cteacher\uff0cmartyr\uff0cforget\uff0cSaturday\u3002
re\u97f3\u8282
-re\u97f3\u8282\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u5728\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
are
/eə/care,dare,hare
ere
/ɪə/here,mere
ire
/aɪə/fire,hire,wire
ore
/ɔ:/more,score,before
ure
/jʊə/pure,cure
-re
/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre
\u6ce8
\u2460are\uff0cere\uff0cire\uff0core\u5f88\u5c11\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\uff0cure\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u8bfb/ə/\u97f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1apicture\uff0cpleasure\u3002
\u2461\u91cd\u8bfb\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0r\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u5143\u5b57\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u8bfb\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e94\u6309-re\u97f3\u8282\u62fc\u8bfb\u89c4\u5219\u62fc\u8bfb\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcdr\u8bfb/r/\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aparent\uff0czero\uff0cstory\uff0cduring\uff0cinspiring\u3002
\u2462\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u53ca\u591a\u97f3\u8282\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u957f\u97f3\u77ed\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aorange\uff0cvery\uff0cAmerican\uff0cparagraph\u3002
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u5728\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
ai\uff0cay
/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
\u2460\u5728l,k\u524d/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,
\u2461/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost
\u2462\u5728f,m\u524d/\u03b1:/half,calm
au\uff0caw
/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw
ea
\u2460/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please
\u2461/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather
\u2462/eɪ/break,great
ear
\u2460/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year
\u2461/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear
\u2462/ɜ:/earth,learn,early
ee
/i:/jeep,week,green,three
eer
/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer
ei\uff0cey
\u2460/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they
\u2461/i:/seize,key
eu,ew
\u2460\u5728j,l,r,s\u540e/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry\uff0cjewel
\u2461/ju:/ new,few,newspaper
ie,ei
/s/\u97f3\u4e4b\u540e/i:/piece,field,receive
oa
/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar\uff0coor
/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor
oi\uff0coy
/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo
/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou\uff0cow
\u2460/aʊ/flower,house,count,down
\u2461/əʊ/know,row,throw,though
\u2462/ʌ/young,country,enough
\u2463/u:/group,soup
our
\u2460/ɔ:/ course,your,four
\u2461/aʊə/our,hour,sour
\u2462/ɜ:/journey
oul
/ʊ/would,should,could(\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\uff09
ui
\u2460\u5728j\uff0cl\uff0cr\uff0cs\u540e/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition
\u2461/u:/juice,fruit,suit
\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
a
/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684a\u5982\u679c\u5904\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\u97f3\uff0ca\u8bfb/eɪ/\u97f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aoperate\uff0ca\u5904\u5728\u5f00\u97f3\u8282\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c
e
/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
\u2460/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal
\u2461/aɪ/exercise,satellite
o
\u2460/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome
\u2461/əʊ/also,zero,photo
u
\u2460/ə/autumn,difficult
\u2461/ju:/popular,congratulation,January
\u2462\u5728\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcdj,l,r,s\u540e\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u8bfb/ʊ/\u6216/u:/\u97f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJuly\uff0cinfluence\uff0cFebruary\uff0cissue\u3002
\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcda\uff0ce\uff0ci\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb/ə/\u7684\u97f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb/ɪ/\u7684\u97f3\u3002
\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4
\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u548c\u5b57\u7fa4\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
ai,ay,ei,ey
/ɪ/foreign,monkey
ow
/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow
\u6ce8\uff1a\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u8bfb/ə/\u97f3\u6216/ɪ/\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aserious\uff0cfamous\uff0cbiscuit\uff0ccoffee\uff0cneighbour
-sion\uff0c-tion
\u2460/ʃən/impression,nation
\u2461\u5728\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u540e/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion
\u2462\u5728s\u540e/tʃən/question,suggestion
-isle
/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle
-sten
/sən/listen
-stle
/sl/whistle
-sure
/ʒə/pleasure,measure
-ture
/tʃə/picture,culture
\u590d\u5408\u8bcd
\u5143\u5b57\u7ec4\u5728\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3
\u590d\u5408\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u6807\u6ce8\u91cd\u97f3\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u6216\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u7ec4\u4ecd\u6309\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u62fc\u8bfb\u89c4\u5219\u62fc\u8bfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aeveryday/eɪ/\uff0chandbag/æ/\uff0cblackboard/ɔ:/\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8bcd\u968f\u7740\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u90e8\u5206\u8981\u6309\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aholy\uff08\u795e\u5723\uff09+day/eɪ/\uff08\u65e5\u5b50\uff09=holiday/ɪ/\uff08\u5047\u65e5\uff09\uff1abreak\uff08\u4e2d\u65ad\uff09+fast/\u03b1:/\uff08\u658b\u6212\uff09=breakfast/ə/\uff08\u65e9\u9910\uff09\uff1bcup\uff08\u8336\u676f\uff09+board/ɔ:/\uff08\u6728\u677f\uff09=cupboard/ə/\uff08\u7897\u67dc\uff09\u3002
\u8f85\u5b57\u7ec4\u8bfb\u97f3
b
\u2460/b/ bike,bus,bag
\u2461/\u4e0d\u53d1/bomb,tomb
c
\u2460\u5728e\u524d\u6216\u5728i,y\u524d/s/face,decide,cinema\uff0cbicycle
\u2461\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5/k/cake,picture,coat,music
\u2462/tʃ/cello\u3001concerto
ch
\u2460/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher
\u2461/k/school,headache,chemistry\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09
\u2462/ʃ/machine,moustache\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cd5\u8bed\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09
-ck/cq
[k]cock,pocket,black,knock,checque\uff0c
cz
[tʃ] Czech
d
/d/doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
/dʒ/bridge,fridge
dr-
/dr/children,driver,drink
ds
/dz/hands\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\uff09
f
/f/five,four,breakfast
/v/of
g
\u2460/g/bag,garden,go
\u2461\u5728e,i,y\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u4f5c/dʒ/\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0corange,large,German\uff0capology\uff0cgiant
\u2462e,i,y\u4e4b\u524d\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bfb/ʒ/genre,massage
gh
\u2460/f/cough,enough
\u2461/\u4e0d\u53d1/light,daughter,high
gu-\uff0c-gue
\u2460/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue\u5728\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u4e2d)
\u2461/gw/language,anguish
h
\u2460/h/hot,head,house,hand
\u2461/\u4e0d\u53d1/hour,honest
j
\u2460/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June
\u2461/ʒ/Jacques\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\uff09
\u2462/h/Juanita\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u540d\uff09
k
/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week
kn-
/n/knife,know,knock
l
\u2460/l/life,lead,lot\uff08\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5143\u97f3\u524d\u9762\uff09
\u2461/ɫ/milk,school,tall[\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5143\u97f3\u540e\u9762\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8f85\u97f3\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8f85\u97f3\u540e\uff08\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff09]
m
/m/monkey,come
-mn
/m/autumn,column,solemn
n
\u2460/n/not,shine,ten,note
\u2461\u5728/k/\u3001/g/\u97f3\u524d/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
/ŋ/morning,young,wrong
p
/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
/k/Iraq
qu-
/kw/quality,quite
r
/r/red,rubber,ruler
rz
/ʒ/ Zabrze\uff08\u624e\u5e03\u70ed\uff09
s
\u2460\u5728\u8bcd\u9996\u3001\u6e05\u8f85\u97f3\u524d/s/sit,sleep,desk
\u2461\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u95f4\u6216\u6d4a\u8f85\u97f3\u524d/z/music,husband
\u2462sure\u7ed3\u6784\u6216s+i/e+\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u65f6\u8bfb\u4f5c/ʃ/\u6216/ʒ/\u3002/ʃ/\uff1aensure\uff0cAsian\u3002/ʒ/\uff1apleasure\uff0cconclusion\u3002
sc-
\u2460/sk/scarlet
\u2461/s/\u5728i\uff0ce\u548cy\u4e4b\u524dscenery,science
sch-
/ʃ/schedule/\u82f1\u2032ʃedju:l,\u7f8e\u2032skedʒul/
sh
/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash
t
\u2460/t/ten,letter,meet
\u2461\u5728\u5f31\u8bfb\u5b57\u6bcdia,ie,io\u524d/ʃ/patient,nation
tch
/tʃ/watch
th
\u2460/\u03b8/thin,thirty,method
\u2461/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather\uff08\u5728\u51a0\u8bcd\u3001\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e-the\uff0c-ther\u4e2d
tr-
/tr/tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
/ts/Tsingtao(\u9752\u5c9b),Tientsin(\u5929\u6d25),pants\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\uff09
quartz,Hertz/\u82f1hə:z,\u7f8ehə:rts/\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\uff09
v
/v/very,voice,love,leave
w
\u2460/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait
\u2461/\u4e0d\u53d1/answer,two,sword
wh-
\u2460/w/what,when,white,why
\u2461\u5728\u5b57\u6bcdo\u524d/h/who,whose,whole
wr-
/r/write
x
\u2460\u5728\u91cd\u8bfb\u5143\u97f3\u540e/ks/box,text,exercise
\u2461ex+\u91cd\u97f3\u5143\u97f3\u8bfb/gz/\uff0cexample,exist,exact
\u2462/z/xylophone
y
/j/yes,yard,yellow,young
z
\u2460/z/puzzle,zero,zoo
\u2461/ʒ/azure
\u2462/ts/pizza Nazi(\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09
zh
/ʒ/ zhoosh
\u81ea\u7136\u62fc\u8bfb\u6cd5\u5168\u9762\u6559\u5b66\uff0c5\u5206\u949f\u638c\u63e1\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408ea\u53d1\u97f3\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u5f88\u7b80\u5355
2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).
3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).
4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).
5． 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).
6．一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).
7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)
7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..
7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.
7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.
7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.
7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye
7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe
8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.
Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.
另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.
9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.
10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).
11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)
12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).
14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial
music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial
soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient
cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial
15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.
discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion
16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.
17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess
18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.
21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).
22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).
23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).
24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.
city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est
multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).
26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.
27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.
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