宾语从句结构.及if引导的条件状语从句结构 if在宾语从句和条件状语从句中的区别、用法
if\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff09\u6216\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002
1. \u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed
(1) \u7531that\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff08that \u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\uff09,\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) \u7531what, whether (if) \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) \u52a8\u8bcd\uff0b\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0b\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. \u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aOur success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. \u4f5c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aI am afraid (that) I\u2019ve made a mistake.
That \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u5e38\u8ddf\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1a
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content \u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bcd\u540e\u7684that \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u770b\u4f5c\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002
4. It \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed
It \u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bbe\u8bedthat \u4ece\u53e5\u5219\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u5c3e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5e26\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. \u540e\u8fb9\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddfthat \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bcd\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u6216\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528that\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. \u4e0d\u53ef\u7528that\u4ece\u53e5\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd
\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u201c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0b\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0bthat\u4ece\u53e5\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. \u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb
\u82e5\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e3aThink, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u82e5\u542b\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u628a\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u80af\u5b9a\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I don\u2019t think this dress fits you well.\uff08\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4f60\u7a7f\u3002\uff09
\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\uff08Adverbial Clause\uff09
\u4e00 \u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b
\u00a7 1\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b
\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u5b9a\u8bed\u3001\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u53eb\u505a\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a
1.\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of time)
2.\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of place)
3.\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of cause)
4.\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of condition)
5.\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of purpose)
6.\u8ba9\u6b65\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of concession)
7.\u6bd4\u8f83\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of comparison)
8.\u7a0b\u5ea6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of degree)
9.\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff1b(adverbial clause of manner)
10.\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002(adverbial clause of result)
\u00a72\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u7279\u70b9
\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u201d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u201d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. \u6211\u4e00\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5c31\u7ed9\u4f60\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u7531as soon as\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcdarrive\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528will arrive\uff09
As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. \u6211\u4e00\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\uff08\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6have finished\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6,\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528will have finished\uff09
If he comes back, please let me know.\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf7\u901a\u77e5\u6211\u3002\uff08\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528comes back,\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528will come back\uff09
\u4e8c \u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u00a73\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff08adverbial clause of time\uff09
1.\u7531when, while, as\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.\u5f53\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u4e86\u3002
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.\u5f53\u771f\u7406\u88ab\u57cb\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u5b83\u611f\u5230\u538b\u6291\uff0c\u5b83\u84c4\u5b58\u7740\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u79cd\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5192\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u70b8\u7834\u4e00\u5207\uff01
Strike while the iron is hot. \u8d81\u70ed\u6253\u94c1\u3002
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. \u6211\u6e38\u6cf3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u7167\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u7684\u8863\u670d\u3002
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. \u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u624b\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u6325\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u5728\u6d41\u52a8\u3002
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6821\u957f\u8fb9\u8c08\u8fb9\u7b11\u3002
\u3010\u533a\u522b\u3011when, while\u548cas\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1awhen\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5e76\u4e14when\u6709\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When she came in, I stopped eating.\u5979\u8fdb\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5403\u996d\u3002(\u77ac\u65f6\u52a8\u8bcd)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.\u5f53\u7684\u4f4f\u5728\u519c\u6751\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u4e3a\u4ed6\u62c5\u6c34\u3002\uff08\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff09
We were about to leave when he came in.\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\u3002
While\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff08\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4e14while\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0cwas reading\u548cwas watching\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u8e22\u8db3\u7403\uff0c\u800c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u6253\u7bee\u7403\u3002\uff08\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff09
As\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u8fb9\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u8fb9\u201d\uff0cas\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff1bas\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4e00\u5148\u4e00\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
We always sing as we walk.\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u8fb9\u8d70\u8fb9\u5531\u3002\uff08as\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u8fb9\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u8fb9\u201d\uff09
As we was going out, it began to snow.\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u95e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u96ea\u4e86\u3002\uff08as\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u96ea\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\uff09
2.\u7531before\u548cafter\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u6ce8\u610fbefore\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u518d\u7528\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f53before\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u5c31\uff0c\u624d\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5f53\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u603b\u662f\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff1b\u5982\u679cbefore\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u591a\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f53\u73b0\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5148\u540e\u3002After\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u6b63\u597d\u4e0ebefore\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
It will be four days before they come back. \u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u8fc7\u56db\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u6765\u3002
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51e0\u4e4e\u628a\u6211\u649e\u5012\u624d\u770b\u5230\u6211\u3002
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u6070\u597d\u5728\u4fe1\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u53bb\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e86\u3002
They had not been married four months before they were divorced. \u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed3\u5a5a\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u79bb\u5a5a\u4e86\u3002
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4f60\u662f\u600e\u6837\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002
After we had finished the work, we went home.\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff09
3.\u7531till\u6216until\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002till\u548cuntil\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\u591a\u7528until\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u80af\u5b9a\u6216\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I didn't go to bed until\uff08till\uff09 my father came back.\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u7236\u4eb2\u56de\u6765\u6211\u624d\u4e0a\u5e8a\u7761\u89c9\u3002
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.\u76f4\u5230\u6563\u4f1a\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6559\u6211\u82f1\u8bed\u3002
I worked until he came back.\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002
I didn't work until he came back.\u4ed6\u56de\u6765\u6211\u8fd9\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
Please wait until I arrived.\u5728\u6211\u5230\u8fbe\u4e4b\u524d\u8bf7\u7b49\u6211\u3002
4.\u7531since\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002 since\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u77ac\u65f6\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u3002\u4f46\u5728It is \uff0b\u65f6\u95f4\uff0bsince\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u591a\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I have been in Beijing since you left. \u81ea\u4ece\u4f60\u79bb\u5f00\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4e86\u3002
Where have you been since I last saw you? \u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u6211\u548c\u4f60\u89c1\u9762\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. \u6211\u59b9\u59b9\u4e0d\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u4f4f\u6709\u56db\u5e74\u4e86\u3002
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.\u6211\u4eec\u8001\u677f\u79bb\u5f00\u5317\u4eac\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u4e86\u3002
5.\u7531as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, \u7b49\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u8bcd\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. \u5403\u5b8c\u65e9\u996d\uff0c\u6211\u7acb\u5373\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u3002
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.\u6211\u4e00\u542c\u5230\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8d76\u5230\u4e86\u51fa\u4e8b\u5730\u70b9\u3002
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. \u6211\u4e00\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u4f60\u6765\u7535\u8bdd\u3002
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011hardly(scarcely, rarely)\u2026when / before, no sooner\u2026than\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eas soon as\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u3002\u5f53hardly, scarcely, rarely\u548cno sooner\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u5e94\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. \u4ed6\u521a\u5230\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u5f00\u59cb\u53e6\u4e00\u65c5\u7a0b\u3002
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.\u592a\u9633\u521a\u4ece\u5730\u5e73\u7ebf\u4e0a\u5347\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8d77\u5e8a\u52b3\u52a8\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.\u6211\u521a\u5750\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\u3002
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u521a\u8981\u5165\u7761\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u80a9\u8180\u4e0a\u88ab\u8f7b\u8f7b\u4e00\u89e6\u3002
6.\u7531by the time\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u65f6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5c06\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.\u5230\u4f60\u56de\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u5b8c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e86\u3002
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. \u4f60\u660e\u5929\u6765\u8fd9\u513f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002
7.\u7531each time, every time\u548cwhenever\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. \u4ed6\u6bcf\u6b21\u6765\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6765\u770b\u6211\u3002
Whenever that man says\u201cTo tell the truth\u201d, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.\u6bcf\u5f53\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u8bdd\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u731c\u60f3\u4ed6\u5c31\u8981\u8bf4\u8c0e\u4e86\u3002
You grow younger every time I see you. \u6bcf\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u89c1\u4f60\u66f4\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e86\u3002
8.\u7531as long as\u548cso long as\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fde\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6709\u591a\u4e45\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u591a\u4e45\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u5929\u9ed1\u4ee5\u524d\u56de\u6765\u5c31\u884c\u3002
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! \u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4e00\u606f\u5c1a\u5b58\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5883\u51b5\u3002
\u4e09 \u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u00a74\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 (adverbial clause of place)
\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\u526f\u8bcdwhere, wherever\u7b49\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u53e5\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u53e5\u578b1\uff1aWhere\uff0b\u5730\u70b9\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\uff08there\uff09\uff0b\u4e3b\u53e5\u3002
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011\u6b64\u53e5\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u54ea\u91cc\u2026\u2026\u54ea\u91cc\u5c31\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff1b\u4e3b\u53e5\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u540e\u9762\u65f6\uff0cthere\u53ef\u7528\u53ef\u4e0d\u7528\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u524d\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528there\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u96e8\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8015\u4f5c\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. \u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u597d\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u70c8\u6b22\u8fce\u3002
You should have put the book where you found it. \u4f60\u672c\u6765\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u4e66\u653e\u56de\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.\u54ea\u91cc\u6709\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u4eba\u6c11\u5f97\u89e3\u653e\u3002
\u53e5\u578b2\uff1aAnywhere/ wherever\uff0b\u5730\u70b9\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\uff0b\u4e3b\u53e5\u3002
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u3011anywhere\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e2a\u526f\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e8ewherever, anywhere\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e4b\u540e\u3002 \u800cwherever\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5728\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u5904\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.\u6709\u6d77\u5c31\u6709\u6d77\u5458\u3002
\u4e00. \u201cIf\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5Step1:\u4ece\u53e5\u5177\u5907\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6709\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd.\uff082\uff09\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5b50.Step2:\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5728\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c \u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\uff08\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff09\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed.Step3: \u53e5\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed+\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08v t\uff09+\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd+\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8c13\u8bed\uff08+\u5176 \u5b83\uff09 \u4e3b\u53e5 \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5E g: Never condemn / what you do not understand \u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd \u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u8c34\u8d23\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5.\u64cd\u7ec3\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u516b\u5927\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u7b2c1\u6b65\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u8bcd\u6027.\u7b2c2\u6b65\uff1a\u8bed\u6cd5\u73b0\u8c61\u5206\u6790.\u5206\u6e05\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6210\u5206. \u6309\u7167\u4e3b\u8981\u53e5\u5b50\u5bf9\u5e94\u6210\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u6717\u8bfb1\u904d.\u7b2c3\u6b65\uff1a\u610f\u7fa4\u5212\u5206.\u6309\u7167\u610f\u7fa4\u6717\u8bfb\u81f3\u5c113\u904d.\u7b2c4\u6b65\uff1a\u5355\u8bcd\u8bfb\u51c6.\u4e00\u5b9a\u786e\u4fdd\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u8bfb\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u5730\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u53e5\u5b50\u6717\u8bfb\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u94fa\u57ab.\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u81f3\u5c11\u6717\u8bfb3\u904d.\u7b2c5\u6b65\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u610f\u7fa4\u6717\u8bfb\u7ec6\u5219\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u542c\u539f\u58f0\u5f55\u97f3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u8bfb\u987a\uff0c\u5148\u6162\u901f\u6717\u8bfb3\u904d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e2d\u901f3\u904d\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5feb\u901f3\u904d\uff0c\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u64cd\u7ec3\u719f\u7ec3\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u674e\u9633\u75af\u72c2\u82f1\u8bed\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u4e09\u6700\u53e3\u8154\u8bad\u7ec3\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u8bad\u7ec3\u6cd5\u201d. \u7b2c6\u6b65\uff1a\u4e2d\u82f1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e92\u6362\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ec3\u4e60.\u7ec6\u5219\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e24\u4e24\u4e2d\u82f1\u4e92\u6362\u7ec3\u4e60.\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4e92\u6362\u89d2\u8272.\u7b2c7\u6b65\uff1a\u590d\u8ff0\u7ec3\u4e60.\u7ec6\u5219\uff1a\u627e\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b66\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u573a\u590d\u8ff0\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u73b0\u573a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b2c8\u6b65\uff1a\u9ed8\u5199\u7ec3\u4e60.Step4:\u201cif\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u201cif\u201d \u6709\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u5426\u201d.\uff082\uff09\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565.E g: I just wonder / if / she can /come to my birthday party/ tonight. \u4e3b\u8bed \u72b6\u8bed \u8c13\u8bed \u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6211\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4eca\u665a\u5979\u662f\u5426\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u6211\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5bb4\u4f1a.Step5: \u201cIf\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0e\u201cwhether\u201d \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u4e24\u70b9\u533a\u522b.\uff081\uff09\u82e5\u53e5\u672b\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u201cor not\u201d, \u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362.\uff082\uff09\u82e5\u53e5\u672b\u51fa\u73b0\u201cor not\u201d, \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u201cwhether\u201d.E g: I don\u2019t know / if/ whether / my parents can/ come to the class meeting.\uff08\u4e24\u8005\u7686\u53ef\uff09 \u4e3b\u53e5 \u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1aI don\u2019t know whether my parents can come to the class meeting or not.\uff08\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u201cwhether\u201d\uff09\u4e8c. \u201cif\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5Step1: \u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5177\u59074\u5927\u8bed\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u8d77\u72b6\u8bed\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4fee\u9970\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50.\uff082\uff09\uff1a\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4ece\u5c5e\u8fde\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u76f8\u63a5.\uff083\uff09\uff1a\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u9694\u5f00\uff1b\u82e5\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u672b\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7528\u9017\u53f7.\uff084\uff09\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u4e3b\u53e5\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3a\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c \u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3a\u4e3b\u53e5.Step2: \u201cIf\u201d \u5f15\u5bfc\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7279\u70b9:\uff081\uff09\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001.\uff082\uff09\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd:\u201cmay/ might+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.3\u5927\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1a\u7b2c1\u5927\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1aIf + simple present, subject +will/won\u2019t +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If you judge people , you will have no time to love them. \u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u6709\u95f2\u8bba\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u65e0\u6687\u7231\u4ed6\u4eba.\u7b2c2\u5927\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1aIf + simple present, subject +may/might+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If you have more free time, you might get bored.\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5Explain: We can also use may and might as consequences, to show that the consequence is less likely.\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f60\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u804a.\u7b2c3\u5927\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1aIf + simple present, subject +will+be able to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u6216will +have to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If you save some money, you\u2019ll be able to travel.\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8282\u7701\u4e00\u4e9b\u94b1\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u53bb\u65c5\u6e38.E g: If you travel abroad, you\u2019ll have to get a visa.\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd \u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53bb\u5916\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c \u4f60\u5f97\u83b7\u5f97\u7b7e\u8bc1.Explain : We can not say will can or will must. Instead, we say\u201cwill be able to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d and \u201cwill have to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d.\u4e09. \u201cif\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14.Step1: \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6216\u8005\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f.\uff08\u4e00\uff09..\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe. \u7279\u70b9\uff1aA: \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\uff081\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\uff082\uff09should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.\uff083\uff09were to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62. B: \u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528would/could/should/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If it were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. \u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f \u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u660e\u5929\u4e0b\u96e8\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c \u6211\u5c31\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc.\uff08\u4e8c\uff09.\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe.\u7279\u70b9\uff1aA: \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001,\u201cbe\u201d\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528\u201cwere\u201d. B: \u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528would/could/should/ might /ought to+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun.\u4ece\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f \u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5386\u98ce\u96e8\u600e\u4e48\u89c1\u5f69\u8679.\u51e0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1a\u7b2c1\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1a If I were you, I would +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62. \u5047\u5982\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c \u6211\u4f1a--------E g: If I were you, I would talk to my boss first\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u548c\u6211\u7684\u8001\u677f\u8c08\u8c08.If I were you, I would change my current job.\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u6211\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u6362\u6389\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c.\u7b2c2\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1aWhat would you do if----------------------------? \u5047\u5982-----------------\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1fE g: What would you do if you were in my shoes? \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u7ad9\u5728\u6211\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1fWhat would you do if you got fired?\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u88ab\u7092\u9c7f\u9c7c\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u7b2c3\u7279\u6b8a\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1aWhat would happen if -----------? \u5047\u5982/\u5018\u82e5------\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4f55\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1fE g: What would happen if we combined animal genes with human genes?\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1fWhat would happen if we lost touch with each other?\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u6211\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u90fd\u5931\u53bb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\uff1f\uff08\u4e09\uff09.\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe.\u7279\u70b9\uff1aA: \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\u5373\uff1a\u201chad+\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d. B: \u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528would/could/should/might/ought to +\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\u5373\u201chave +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d.E g: If I had known you were in Beijing, I could have shown you around the city. \u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\u5f62\u5f0f \u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8981\u662f\u6211\u65e9\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5e26\u4f60\u6e38\u89c8\u8fd9\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684.If I had been more careful, I could have done better.\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\u5f62\u5f0f \u4e3b\u53e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u8981\u662f\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u591a\u52a0\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u51fa\u8272.\uff08\u56db\uff09\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u4e2d\u201cif\u201d\u7684\u7701\u7565\u5012\u88c5\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7701\u7565\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u201cif\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u628a\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8.\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u5f0f\uff1a\u201cShould/ were/had +\u4e3b\u8bed+\u90e8\u5206\u8c13\u8bed\u201d.E g: If you were in my position , you would do the same.\u5012\u88c5\u73b0\u8c61\uff1aWere you in my position , you would do the same.E g: If I had been in a good mood then, I would have gone to the movies.\u5012\u88c5\u73b0\u8c61\uff1aHad I been in a good mood then, I would have gone to the movies.\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u201cIf\u201d\u5f15\u5bfc\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u9519\u7efc\u65f6\u95f4.\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4.\uff082\uff09\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0d\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6839\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u5b9a.\u4e24\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u82e5\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u201chad +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528could/would/should+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62.E g: If he had taken the medicine then, he would feel much better now. \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a \u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u5403\u836f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u4e9b.\uff082\uff09\u82e5\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\uff1b\u4e3b\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a0\u73b0\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u201cwould/ could /should have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d.E g: If I knew his telephone number, I would have called him. \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728 \u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb \u8bd1\u6587\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u4e86
宾语从句：（1）简单结构：引导词＋连接词＋其他。（2）引导词：<1>that:本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。<2>what, which, who, whose, whom等连接代词：在句中做一定成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。<3>when（表时间）, where（表地点）, why（表原因）, how（表方式）, 等连接副词：在句中作状语。<4>if/whether:意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。（3）语序:宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。1.引导词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 2.判断时态情况 1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。 2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。 3．关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which eg: 1． The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2． I believe that our team____ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3． I don’t know____ to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4．The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which引导宾语从句时表疑问含义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问含义，不知道哪一座庙宇，而是用what从句表陈述含义，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which代替，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作… 宾语从句用作宾语。如： Do you know where he lives 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如： The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John. This is the man whom he is looking for. Do you know the girl who is in red? 语法~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3.宾语从句的用法 1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外： 1．介词宾语从句的that不省略 2． and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. 3．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time 2.Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外： 1．whether从句中有or not 2．whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us 3．许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构常是： 主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone 4．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 编辑本段宾语从句（版本三） 宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。 eg． Tell him which class you are in ． Do you know what he likes？ 注： (1)主、从句时态一致 主句谓语过去时，从句相应过去时； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句谓语现在时，从句时态任所需； eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具体过去永不变，真理格言现在时； eg．He told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意问句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。（注： 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称） eg． I don't think you are right,are you I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they （3）运用虚拟语气的情况 在表示： 建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command、require; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气） eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard． He ordered that we should go out at once． （4）宾语从句后置情况 如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置 eg．You may think it strange that he would live there． （5）宾从中that不可省略的情况 宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略 A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and thatthings will get better． B．当it作形式宾语时 eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．当宾语从句前置时 eg．That our team will win，I believe． 编辑本段宾语从句（版本四）一、定义和宾从例句分析 宾语从句就是一个句子作动词或介词的宾语。 A 作动词的宾语： I heard the news. 主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语---宾语从句 B 作介词的宾语： He said nothing about the plan. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语 He said nothing about who broke the window last night. 主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语 二、带有宾语从句的复合句的构成 带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how. 1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day. 宾语 2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm. 间接宾语 直接宾语 3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer. 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting. who hadn’t passed the exam. when she would leave this building. why she cried last night. where she was going to study. which student was his partner in the short play. if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning. how she managed to solve the problem. why water flows from a high position to a lower position. 在例子4中，当主句是过去时态时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），从句根据不同情况必须使用过去时态的一种，（大自然的现象和真理除外）。 5 He is wanting to know what I can cook for dinner. who broke the window yesterday. when I can have a holiday. why I failed the exam yesterday. where I should have dinner with my friend tonight. which book is the best one. if (whether) I have passed the exam. how my cat escaped from the room last night. 在例子5中，当主语是现在时态时（一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时，现在完成时），从句可根据不同情况使用各种时态。 三、注意 A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment. Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher. D 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner. 宾语从句的点点滴滴 宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下： 一，引导词 A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例：I told him that he was wrong. l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。 例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对) l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。 例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。 例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导. 例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导. 例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 二，宾语从句的语序， 宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 二，宾语从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制， 既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。 例： 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。 例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum 注意事项： u由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例：She said: “I have been to England before.” She said that she had been to England before. She asked me: “Do you like maths?” She asked me if I liked maths. u宾语从句与简单句的交换。 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
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