帧中继中point-to-point与multipoint区别在哪 非广播的多路访问（NBMA）和点到多点（multipoint...
\u5e27\u4e2d\u7ee7\u4e2d\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u80fd\u548c\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u70b9\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u5417\u80af\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u5e27\u4e2d\u7ee7\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6216PPP\u6280\u672f\u3002
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u79cdospf\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e27\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u662fNBMA\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3aP2MP\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u548c\u697c\u4e3b\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u79cdloopback\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cloopback\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u79cd\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u53d8\u4e3aloopback\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u4e00\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5427\u3002
NBMA\u7f51\u7edc\u5355\u64ad\u6307\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c30s\uff0c\u9009\u4e3eDR/BDR\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709MA\u548cNBMA\u7f51\u7edc\u9009\u4e3eDR/BDR),\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u7aef\u768432\u4f4d\u4e3b\u673a\u8def\u7531\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u7ec4\u64ad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64ospf\u7684hello\u5305\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u53d1\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u697c\u4e3b\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6765\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u901a\u3002\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5
1\u3001\u5355\u64ad\u6307\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165neighbor x.x.x.x\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86
2\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u5e7f\u64ad\u7c7b\u578b,\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f93\u5165ip ospf network boradcast\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4f2a\u5e7f\u64ad\u54e6\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002
3\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u4e3aP2MP\u548cP2P\uff0c\u8fd9\u91ccP2MP\u662f\u5728hub\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u7684,hub and spoke\u697c\u4e3b\u77e5\u9053\u5427\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6446\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u7136\u540eP2P\u662f\u5728spoke\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002
HUB:\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0b\uff09ip ospf network point-to-multipoint\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u697c\u4e3b\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aospf\u5efa\u90bb\u5c45\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u7b49\u7684hello\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06P2MP\u7684hello\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a10s(P2MP\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684hello\u65f6\u95f4\u662f30s\uff0cp2p\u662f10s)
SPOKE:\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0b\u7684\u54e6\uff09ip ospf network point-to-point
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002
\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u7ed9\u697c\u4e3b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u697c\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528GRE\u96a7\u9053\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u4e86\u4ecd\u7136\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5hi\u6211\u3002
nbma\u8bf4\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48P2MP\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u66f4\u6539\u4e00\u4e0bhello\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u662fP2MP\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u697c\u4e3b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u5c31\u662fP2MP\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u3002
帧中继的点对点子接口（point-to-point）和多点子接口（multipoint）的区别：
一、点到点子接口：
R1(config-subif)#int s1/1.3 point-to-point
R1(config-subif)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 172.16.1.2 100 broadcast
Only frame-relay interface-dlci command should beused on point-to-point interfaces not frame-relay map
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay ?
class Define a map class on the interface
de-group Associate a DE group with a DLCI
interface-dlci Define a DLCI on an inerface/subinterface
inverse-arp Enable/disable FR inverse ARP
ip Frame Relay Internet Protocol config commands
map Map a protocol address to a DLCI address
payload-compression Use payload compression
priority-dlci-group Define a priority group of DLCIs
vc-bundle configure a frame-relay vc-bundle
二、物理接口：
R1(config)#Int s1/2
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.248
R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ansi
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.2 ?
<16-1007> DLCI
vc-bundle vc-bundle
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.2 102 ?
broadcast Broadcasts should be forwarded to this address
cisco Use CISCO Encapsulation
compress Enable TCP/IP and RTP/IP header compression
ietf Use RFC1490/RFC2427 Encapsulation
nocompress Do not compress TCP/IP headers
payload-compression Use payload compression
rtp RTP header compression parameters
tcp TCP header compression parameters
<cr>
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.3 103 broadcast
三、点到多点子接口：
R1(config)#int s1/1.4 multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.248
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 10.10.10.3 103 broadcast
结论：
1、物理接口可以像点到多点子接口一样配置多个PVC，这样主口的IP地址和其他分支的可以在同一个子网里。
2、承诺信息速率CIR和额外信息率EIR是针对PVC而言的。
楼上正解。。。补充一点就是在OSPF里面。一般会选择使用BMA和P2M这两种方式。因为他们都支持broadcast，同时也是都可以在一个网段。P2P要分出很多网段这样比较浪费。在BMA和P2M中，最大的区别在于spoke之间学习网段的时候下一跳是不是hub。P2M会自动指向HUB，BMA则不会。别看这个小小的区别。在不指向HUB的情况下，如果spoke之间没有DLCI的互指的话，就不能联通。也就是说，frame-relay必须要是full-mesh。所以行业中用的多的还是P2M
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