ubuntu apt-get 必须联网才能用吗？可不可以像yum一样，可以从系统光盘中自带包安装？ yum和apt-get的区别
Ubuntu\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528yum\u5417Ubuntu\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e3aapt\uff0c\u800cyum\u662ffedora\uff0credhat\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002fedora\u4e5f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u51fa\u540d\u7684linux\u684c\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5728fedora\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4f46\u662fubuntu\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e0b\u8f7dfedora\u4e0a\u7684rpm\u5305\u653e\u5230ubuntu\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u5728ubuntu\u4e0a\u6267\u884csudo apt-get install yum\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5yum\u7684\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6bd5\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528yum\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7740\u628afedora\u4e0a\u7684\u6e90\u653e\u5230ubuntu\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u4ee5163\u7684\u6e90(mirrors.163.com)\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4e0b\u8f7dfedora-163.repo\u548cfedora-updates-163.repo\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6, \u5e76\u653e\u5165/etc/yum/repos.d/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b(\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u770b\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f/etc/yum.repos.d/\u76ee\u5f55\uff09\u3002
\u7136\u540e\u7f16\u8f91\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06$releasever\u5168\u90e8\u66ff\u6362\u621017\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u793afedora\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a
\u8fd0\u884cyum makecache\u751f\u6210\u7f13\u5b58\u3002
\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528yum\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f60\u60f3\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528yum\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53ef\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662ffedora\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u4efb\u4f55\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684fedora\u3002
\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7yum\u5b89\u88c5yum\uff1asudo yum install yum\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c587\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u542b\u50cfglibc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u548cubuntu\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
rpm\u5305\u548cdeb\u5305\u662f\u4e24\u79cdLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u514d\u4e0d\u4e86\u8981\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002rpm\u5305\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5728RedHat\u7cfb\u5217\u5305\u62ec Fedora\u7b49\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0cdeb\u5305\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eDebian\u7cfb\u5217\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684Ubuntu\u7b49\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5305\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5rpm\u5305\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201crpm -\u53c2\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5deb\u5305\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201cdpkg -\u53c2\u6570\u201d\u3002\u800cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u4e91\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
yum\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u4f5crpm\u5305\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728Fedora\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a
\u5b89\u88c5\uff1ayum install
\u5378\u8f7d\uff1ayum remove
\u66f4\u65b0\uff1ayum update
apt-get\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u4f5cdeb\u5305\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a
\u5b89\u88c5\uff1aapt-get install
\u5378\u8f7d\uff1aapt-get remove
\u66f4\u65b0\uff1aapt-get update
\u4e00\u3001redhat\u5b89\u88c5yum
\u5728Linux Redhat 9.0\u4f7f\u7528YUM\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6765\u7ba1\u7406rpm\u5957\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u65b9\u6cd5
\u7531\u65bc Redhat \u516c\u53f8\u5df1\u7ecf\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9Linux Redhat 9.0\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4,
\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u627e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u5347\u7ea7\u5957\u4ef6,
\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528YUM\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6765\u7ba1\u7406rpm\u5957\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7, \u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5957\u4ef6\u95f4\u76f8\u4f9d\u6027\u800c\u5b89\u88c5\u5931\u8d25.
\u8981\u8fde\u7ebfYUM\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u8981\u88c5\u4e0b\u5217\u7a0b\u5f0f:
yum-2.0.4-1.rh.fr.i386.rpm
\u6b64\u6863\u6848\u53ef\u5230 http://ayo.freshrpms.net/ \u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d,
\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u6863\u6848,\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5230"\u7ec8\u7aef\u673a"\u5185\u6253\u5165su\u518d\u8f93\u4f60root\u7684\u5bc6\u7801,
\u8fdb\u5165root\u5f8c,\u518d\u6253\u5165\u4e0b\u5217\u6307\u4ee4:
rpm -ivh yum-2.0.4-1.rh.fr.i386.rpm
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6b64\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5f8c, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u5217\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u4f7f\u7528YUM\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6765\u7ba1\u7406rpm\u5957\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7.
yum update \u5347\u7ea7\u4f60\u7684RPM\u5957\u4ef6, \u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u7b49\u540c\u65bcapt-get update \u52a0\u4e0aapt-get install \u7684\u529f\u80fd.
yum install \u5b89\u88c5\u65b0\u7684RPM\u5957\u4ef6.
yum clean \u6e05\u9664\u5df1\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6682\u5b58\u7a0b\u5f0f.
yum remove \u79fb\u9664\u4f60\u7684RPM\u5957\u4ef6.
\u4e8c\u3001yum\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
1. Redhat\u7684yum\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406
1\uff09.\u7528YUM\u5b89\u88c5\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6
\u88c5\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u6dfb\u52a0\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u5e38\u4e8b\uff0cyum\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662frpm\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u3002
\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662fyum install xxx\uff0cyum\u4f1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u597d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5;\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u6216\u5220\u9664\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002
\u5220\u9664\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff0cyum remove xxx\uff0c\u540c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u6837\uff0cyum\u4e5f\u4f1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3002
2\uff09.\u7528YUM\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum install
3\uff09.\u7528YUM\u5220\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum remove
\u7528YUM\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u548c\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5207\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6yum\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 yum search keyword\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5219\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2aInstant Messenger\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u77e5\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e0d\u59a8\u7528 yum search messenger\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\uff0cyum\u4f1a\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528rpm\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u548cmesseger\u6709\u5173\u7684rpm\u5305\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 gaim\uff0ckopete\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528yum info packagename\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
4\uff09.\u4f7f\u7528YUM\u67e5\u627e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum search
5\uff09.\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum list
6\uff09.\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum list updates
7\uff09.\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum list installed
8\uff09.\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u4f46\u4e0d\u5728 Yum Repository \u5185\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum list extras
9\uff09.\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ayum list
\u4e09\u3001apt-get \u7684\u4f7f\u7528
1.Ubuntu\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5apt-get
\u9664\u4e86apt\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u4ee5\u5916\uff0capt-get\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u597d\u5904\u662f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u6076\u68a6\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u51e0\u7387(dependency hell)\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9677\u5165\u4e86dependency hell\uff0capt-get\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u9003\u51fa\u9b54\u7a9f\u3002
\u901a\u5e38 apt-get \u90fd\u548c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u4e00\u8d77\u51fa\u6ca1\uff0c\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6216\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7200\u4e2a debian\u5b98\u65b9\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u4f60\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u4e8eDebian\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u4eceDebian\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u5217\u8868\u3002\u800c\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014\u7684\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u98ce\u9669\u4e86\u3002
\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684Debian\u53d1\u5e03\u7248\u6240\u51c6\u5907\u7684(\u4eceunstable \u5230stable)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5212\u5206\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d(\u5982 main contrib nonfree)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4f9d\u636e debian \u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7eb2\u9886\u800c\u5212\u5206\u7684(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684dfsg)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9650\u5236\u52a0\u5bc6\u8f6f\u4ef6\u51fa\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2anon-us\u7c7b\u522b\u3002
2.\u5e38\u7528\u7684APT\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570
apt-cache search package \u641c\u7d22\u5305
apt-cache show package \u83b7\u53d6\u5305\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u7248\u672c\u7b49
sudo apt-get install package \u5b89\u88c5\u5305
sudo apt-get install package -- reinstall \u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u5305
sudo apt-get -f install \u4fee\u590d\u5b89\u88c5"-f = --fix-missing"
sudo apt-get remove package \u5220\u9664\u5305
sudo apt-get remove package -- purge \u5220\u9664\u5305\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5220\u9664\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49
sudo apt-get update \u66f4\u65b0\u6e90
sudo apt-get upgrade \u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade \u5347\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade \u4f7f\u7528 dselect \u5347\u7ea7
apt-cache depends package \u4e86\u89e3\u4f7f\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56
apt-cache rdepends package \u662f\u67e5\u770b\u8be5\u5305\u88ab\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56
sudo apt-get build-dep package \u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883
apt-get source package \u4e0b\u8f7d\u8be5\u5305\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean \u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u5305
sudo apt-get check \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u635f\u574f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56
可以，挂载光盘然后把光盘添加到源里面，但是光盘里的软件是有限的。
ubuntu 的dvd不过就4G左右，这里面才多少软件？建议还是联网装
因为debian6.06的所有软件好像要8张4G多dvd才放得下，ubuntu肯定也少不了多少，甚至更多
如果真要用，可以将光盘或dvd加到源里，用debian时用过一次
扩展阅读：ubuntu18.04进入grub ... ubuntu netplan ... ubuntu官网网址 ... ubuntu用户登录为root ... ubuntu umount ... paste ubuntu ... neoplan apply ... ubuntu touch ... ubuntu grep ...
