周朝取代商朝是历史必然还是巧合？ 从现代历史学的角度来看，周朝取代殷商的主要是依靠以下哪一项
\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u53d6\u4ee3\u6bb7\u5546\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4ee5\u4e0b\u54ea\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u5546\u671d\u88ab\u5468\u671d\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5468\u516c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u5546\u671d\u201c\u5fb7\u4e0d\u914d\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u8352\u6deb\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u5ba0\u4efb\u574f\u5973\u4eba\u59b2\u5df1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u6015\u8d3c\u5077\uff0c\u5c31\u6015\u8d3c\u60e6\u7740
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u4ee5\u9152\u4e3a\u6c60\uff0c\u60ac\u8089\u4e3a\u6797\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u7f6a\u884c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u63a8\u6572\uff0c\u4ee5\u9152\u4e3a\u6c60\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u9152\u7684\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d8\u9178\uff1b\u800c\u60ac\u8089\u4e3a\u6797\u5c31\u66f4\u53ef\u7b11\u4e86\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u7ea3\u738b\u7684\u540e\u5bab\u6302\u7740\u4e00\u7247\u6b7b\u732a\u8089\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u8fd8\u662f\u53d7\u7f6a\u554a\uff1f\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u201c\u70ae\u70d9\u201d\u4e4b\u5211\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u671d\u4e0e\u5546\u671d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5468\u671d\u6311\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5c31\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\uff0c\u53d6\u80dc\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u3002\u5468\u671d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fb5\u7565\u5546\u671d\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u7684\u65e0\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6bdb\u94b1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5468\u671d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u590f\u5546\u5468\u4e09\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u590f\u671d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7267\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9\u6c34\u8349\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u5219\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u590f\u671d\u9650\u5236\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5c71\u897f\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u590f\u671d\u706d\u4ea1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u9057\u6c11\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5317\u72c4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5468\u671d\u8fd8\u662f\u91ce\u86ee\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5308\u5974\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u590f\u4ee3\u7684\u9057\u6c11\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5546\u671d\u5219\u4e0e\u590f\u671d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7586\u571f\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u5927\u3002\u800c\u5468\u671d\u4e0e\u5546\u671d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5468\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5230\u4e86\u75f4\u8ff7\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u666e\u5929\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u738b\u571f\uff1b\u7387\u571f\u4e4b\u6ee8\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u738b\u81e3\u3002\u201d\u5728\u5468\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5168\u90fd\u5f52\u4e8e\u5468\u738b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u666e\u901a\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u4e0d\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf8\u4faf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u4e00\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u56db\u5904\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u539f\u8179\u5730\u7684\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u80a5\u6c83\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5468\u671d\u5782\u6d8e\u6b32\u6ef4\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5546\u671d\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f38\u5f20\u6b63\u4e49\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5468\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u6bd4\u5546\u5f3a\u5927
\u3000\u3000\u5468\u671d\u80fd\u591f\u6218\u80dc\u5546\u671d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u80dc\u90aa\u6076\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5468\u671d\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u6bd4\u5546\u671d\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5f3a\u4e8e\u5546\u671d\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e5f\u6bd4\u5546\u671d\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u66f4\u4e25\u660e\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u66f4\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5951\u7ea6\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u53e4\u677f\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5b8b\u56fd\u662f\u5546\u671d\u7684\u9057\u56fd\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5546\u671d\u7684\u539f\u751f\u6001\u3002\u5728\u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5468\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9c81\u56fd\u548c\u90d1\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u4e8e\u90d1\u56fd\u548c\u9c81\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0a\u98ce\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u8fb9\u5012\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6bcf\u6218\u5fc5\u8d25\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5b8b\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5b8b\u56fd\u4e0e\u9c81\u56fd\u548c\u90d1\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u9c81\u56fd\u548c\u90d1\u56fd\u5e38\u5e38\u968f\u673a\u5e94\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b8b\u56fd\u4eba\u5c31\u523b\u677f\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8fd1\u4eb2\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb
\u3000\u3000\u5546\u7684\u8870\u843d\u4e0e\u5176\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5f31\u70b9\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5546\u7684\u5185\u5a5a\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5916\u65cf\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u5b9e\u884c\u65cf\u5185\u5a5a\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5230\u4e86\u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u65cf\u5185\u5a5a\u3002\u65cf\u5185\u5a5a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd1\u4eb2\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u539f\u5632\u7b11\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5468\u4eba\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u201c\u540c\u59d3\u4e0d\u5a5a\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8840\u7f18\u878d\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u5468\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7d20\u8d28\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u76df\u519b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u6b66\u738b\u5174\u5175\u8ba8\u4f10\u5546\u671d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u516b\u767e\u8bf8\u4faf\u524d\u6765\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u522b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u89c1\u4e49\u52c7\u4e3a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u5e2e\u4eb2\u621a\u6253\u67b6\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5230\u4e86\u5468\u671d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5468\u738b\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5c01\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u4f84\u4e3a\u8bf8\u4faf\uff0c\u62a2\u5360\u539f\u5148\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bf8\u4faf\u4eec\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u671d\u624d\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u72fc\u5165\u5ba4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u9152\u6587\u5316
\u3000\u3000\u5546\u671d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5546\u671d\u7684\u9152\u6587\u5316\u592a\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u76db\u884c\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u767e\u59d3\u559d\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u66f4\u662f\u559d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e13\u4f9b\u519b\u961f\u7684\u9152\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5546\u671d\u4eba\u6c11\u803d\u4e8e\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u90fd\u6ce1\u5728\u9152\u7f50\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u81ea\u7136\u597d\u4e0d\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u5468\u671d\u53d6\u4ee3\u5546\u671d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5468\u516c\u6d3e\u5f1f\u5f1f\u536b\u5eb7\u53d4\u53bb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5546\u671d\u7684\u65e7\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u5730\u5199\u4e86\u201c\u9152\u8bf0\u201d\uff0c\u544a\u8beb\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4ee5\u5546\u671d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u4e3a\u9274\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u675c\u7edd\u9152\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5468\u671d\uff0c\u9152\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002
\u5468\u671d\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u6240\u5411\uff0c\u5e1d\u738b\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u81ea\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d24\u660e\u7684\u541b\u4e3b
\u6309\u7167\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u8352\u6deb\u65e0\u9053\uff0c\u5ba0\u4efb\u574f\u5973\u4eba\u59b2\u5df1\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u671d\u4e0e\u5546\u671d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5468\u671d\u6311\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5c31\u662f\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\uff0c\u53d6\u80dc\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u3002\u5468\u671d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4fb5\u7565\u5546\u671d\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5546\u7ea3\u738b\u7684\u65e0\u9053\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6bdb\u94b1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u5468\u671d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u3002
\u5546\u671d\u5219\u4e0e\u590f\u671d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u5360\u636e\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u7586\u571f\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u5927\u3002\u800c\u5468\u671d\u4e0e\u5546\u671d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5468\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u770b\u91cd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5230\u4e86\u75f4\u8ff7\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3002
\u201c\u666e\u5929\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u738b\u571f\uff1b\u7387\u571f\u4e4b\u6ee8\uff0c\u83ab\u975e\u738b\u81e3\u3002\u201d\u5728\u5468\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5168\u90fd\u5f52\u4e8e\u5468\u738b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8bf4\u666e\u901a\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u4e0d\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf8\u4faf\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u4e00\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u56db\u5904\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u539f\u8179\u5730\u7684\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u80a5\u6c83\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5468\u671d\u5782\u6d8e\u6b32\u6ef4\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5546\u671d\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f38\u5f20\u6b63\u4e49\u3002
\u5468\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u6bd4\u5546\u5f3a\u5927
\u5468\u671d\u80fd\u591f\u6218\u80dc\u5546\u671d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u6218\u80dc\u90aa\u6076\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5468\u671d\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u6bd4\u5546\u671d\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5468\u671d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5f3a\u4e8e\u5546\u671d\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e5f\u6bd4\u5546\u671d\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7eaa\u5f8b\u66f4\u4e25\u660e\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u66f4\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u6bd4\u8f83\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5951\u7ea6\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u53e4\u677f\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5c31\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u8fd1\u4eb2\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb
\u5546\u7684\u8870\u843d\u4e0e\u5176\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u5f31\u70b9\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5546\u7684\u5185\u5a5a\u5236\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5916\u65cf\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u5b9e\u884c\u65cf\u5185\u5a5a\u3002\u65cf\u5185\u5a5a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fd1\u4eb2\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b8b\u56fd\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u539f\u5632\u7b11\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5468\u4eba\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u201c\u540c\u59d3\u4e0d\u5a5a\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8840\u7f18\u878d\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u5468\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u7d20\u8d28\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u88d9\u5e26\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u76df\u519b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u6b66\u738b\u5174\u5175\u8ba8\u4f10\u5546\u671d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u516b\u767e\u8bf8\u4faf\u524d\u6765\u534f\u52a9\uff0c\u522b\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u89c1\u4e49\u52c7\u4e3a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u5e2e\u4eb2\u621a\u6253\u67b6\u7684\u3002
\u5230\u4e86\u5468\u671d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u4f4f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5468\u738b\u5f00\u59cb\u904d\u5c01\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u4f84\u4e3a\u8bf8\u4faf\uff0c\u62a2\u5360\u539f\u5148\u8bf8\u4faf\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bf8\u4faf\u4eec\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u5468\u671d\u624d\u662f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u72fc\u5165\u5ba4\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002
\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u9152\u6587\u5316
\u5546\u671d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5546\u671d\u7684\u9152\u6587\u5316\u592a\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u76db\u884c\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u767e\u59d3\u559d\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u66f4\u662f\u559d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e13\u4f9b\u519b\u961f\u7684\u9152\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5546\u671d\u4eba\u6c11\u803d\u4e8e\u4eab\u4e50\uff0c\u5546\u671d\u519b\u961f\u4e5f\u90fd\u6ce1\u5728\u9152\u7f50\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u81ea\u7136\u597d\u4e0d\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u5468\u671d\u53d6\u4ee3\u5546\u671d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5468\u516c\u6d3e\u5f1f\u5f1f\u536b\u5eb7\u53d4\u53bb\u7edf\u6cbb\u5546\u671d\u7684\u65e7\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62c5\u5fc3\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4e5f\u5b66\u4f1a\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u5730\u5199\u4e86\u201c\u9152\u8bf0\u201d\uff0c\u544a\u8beb\u5f1f\u5f1f\u4ee5\u5546\u671d\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u4e3a\u9274\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u675c\u7edd\u9152\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5468\u671d\uff0c\u9152\u6587\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002
\u5468\u671d\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u6240\u5411\uff0c\u5e1d\u738b\u66b4\u653f\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u81ea\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d24\u660e\u7684\u541b\u4e3b
绛旓細鐗ч噹涔嬫垬鏄腑鍥鍘嗗彶涓婁互灏戣儨澶氾紝浠ュ急鑳滃己锛屽厛鍙戝埗浜虹殑钁楀悕鎴樹緥锛屼篃鏄腑鍥藉彜浠ｈ溅鎴樺垵鏈熺殑钁楀悕鎴樹緥銆傚畠缁堟浜嗗叚鐧惧勾鐨勫晢鐜嬫湞锛岀‘绔嬩簡瑗垮懆鐜嬫湞鐨勭粺娌伙紝涓鸿タ鍛ㄦ椂鏈熺ぜ涔愭枃鏄庣殑鍏ㄩ潰鍏寸洓寮杈熶簡閬撹矾銆傜墽閲庝箣鎴樹腑鎵浣撶幇鐨勮皨鐣ュ拰浣滄垬鑹烘湳锛屼篃瀵逛腑鍥藉彜浠ｅ啗浜嬫濇兂鐨勫彂灞曞叿鏈変笉鍙綆浼扮殑鎰忎箟銆鍟嗘湞鐨勭伃浜★細鍟嗘湞鍙堢О娈枫...
绛旓細鍚庢潵瀛斿瓙鍦ㄨ拷鎬濆墠浜哄姛缁╂椂锛屼笉鏂彁鍙娾滃厠宸卞绀尖濓紝璁や负鍛ㄦ湞鐨勭瓑绾хЗ搴忔槸浜虹被 绀句細 鏈瀹岀編鐨勬牱瀛愩傜瓑绾у埗涓嬭鐢熷嚭鐢熺殑鈥滃叕渚集瀛愮敺鈥濇伆浼煎北璋蜂箣涓殑涓闃甸锛屼笉鐭ユ庣殑锛岃タ鏂瑰ぇ闄嗕篃鍚规潵浜嗚繖鏍蜂竴闃甸銆傝繖鏄阀鍚鍚楋紵瑕佺煡閬擄紝鍛ㄥぉ瀛愭槸浜茬溂瑙佽繃鍟嗘湞鐏骸鐨勶紝鑷劧瀵瑰晢鐜嬫湞缁熸不鏃舵湡鍑虹幇鐨勯棶棰樺姞浠ョ暀鎰忋備粠鍟嗙海鐜...
绛旓細鍙傝偂鏄寚锛屽涓浜涙柟鍥界殑鏈夐檺绠℃帶锛屽叿浣撶鎺у姏搴︿笉涓锛岃瑙嗚偂浠(瀹炲姏鍙婂疄闄呮帶鍒跺姏)鐨勫彉鍖栬屽畾銆傚姞鐩熸槸鎸囷紝瀵规柟鍙槸鎸夋湡浜ゅ姞鐩熻垂(鍚嶄箟涓婄殑鑷ｆ湇)锛屽疄璐ㄤ笂涓嶅綊澶忓晢甯濈帇绠℃帶銆 杩欐牱锛屽叾瀹炲凡缁忔渶澶ч檺搴﹀湴閬垮厤浜嗗ぇ瑙勬ā鎴樹簤鐨勪骇鐢燂紝鏈澶氬彧鏄竴浜涘皬鎽╂摝銆傚悗鏉ユ満缂宸у悎锛屼篃娲昏绾ｇ帇鍊掗湁锛屼粬閲庡績鍕冨媰锛屽彂鍔ㄤ簡瀵瑰寳鏂...
绛旓細鍛ㄦ湞(鍓1046骞粹斿墠256骞)鏄腑鍥鍘嗗彶涓婄户鍟嗘湞涔嬪悗鐨勭涓変釜鍗庡鏃忓ゴ闅跺埗鐜嬫湞銆鍛ㄧ帇鏈涓鍏变紶鍥藉悰32浠37鐜,浜浗鍏辫791骞淬 鍛ㄦ湞鍒嗕负瑗垮懆(鍓1046-鍓771骞)鍜屼笢鍛(鍓770骞-鍓256骞)涓や釜鏃舵湡銆 [3-5] 瑗垮懆鐢卞懆姝︾帇濮彂鍒涘缓,瀹氶兘闀愪含,钀ュ缓涓滈兘鎴愬懆娲涢倯銆 [6] 鍏跺悗鍛ㄧ﹩鐜嬪張绛戝鍗楅儜, [6] 鍏跺悗鍛ㄦ嚳鐜嬪張杩侀兘...
绛旓細鍗併佹潹鍧氥佽档鍖¤儰浠ｅ懆 鍘嗗彶涓婃渶鏈夋満浼氱粨鏉熷崡鍖楁湞鍜屼簲浠ｅ崄鍥界殑鏈濅唬閮芥槸鍛紝鏃犺鏄崡鍖楁湞鏃舵湡鐨勫寳鍛紝杩樻槸浜斾唬鍗佸浗鐨勫悗鍛紝鍦ㄥ綋鏃舵潵璇撮兘鏄“鍛”杩欎釜鍥藉彿銆傜劧鑰岃繖涓や釜鏈濅唬鏈鍚庨兘鏄负浠栦汉鍋氬珌琛ｏ紝鏉ㄥ潥鍜岃档鍖¤儰鍒嗗埆鍙栦唬浜嗗寳鍛ㄥ拰鍚庡懆锛屽湪姝ゅ熀纭涓婂畬鎴愪簡缁熶竴澶╀笅鐨勫ぇ涓氥
绛旓細鑰屽湪鍛ㄦ湞鏈熼棿涔熷彂鐢熶簡鍑犳寰堝ぇ鐨勬垬褰癸紝杩樻湁浜哄湪鐚滄祴璇达紝鏄笉鏄湪閭ｅ嚑娆℃椃涓栦箣鎴樹箣涓紝閭ｄ簺璇稿鐨勭浠欓兘绾风悍闄ㄨ惤浜嗗憿銆備絾璇村疄璇濓紝鎴戞湰浜鸿繕鏄笉鐩镐俊閭ｄ簺鎵璋撶殑绁炶瘽浼犺涔嬩腑鐨勭浠欑湡鐨勬槸瀛樺湪鐨勶紝杩欏彧涓嶈繃鏄彜浠ｇ殑浜鸿仈绯荤敓娲昏繘琛岀編濂界殑鎯宠薄鑰屽凡銆傝屼笖濂冲ú閫犱汉鎴栬呰鏄洏鍙ゅ紑澶╄緹鍦帮紝鍦ㄦ垜浠幇鍦ㄧ敤绉戝瑙ｉ噴鏉ヨ...
绛旓細6骞村悗锛屾偛鍓у啀娆″彂鐢燂紝姣旇緵鏍14宀佺殑瀛欏瓙鎴村崼•濞佹柉鍕掑湪妗ヤ笂鐜╄嶆椂锛屼竴杈嗗皬姹借溅楂橀熼┒杩囷紝灏嗗▉鏂嫆鍘嬫垚浜嗚倝楗笺傝繖搴фˉ鍚嶅壇鍏跺疄鎴愪负浜嗘瘮杈涙牸涓瀹跺瓙鐨勬浜′箣妗ワ紒鍗撳埆鏋椾笌甯岀壒鍕掕鍒鍘嗗彶涓婄殑宸у悎浜嬶紝鍙互鍏堟嬁杩欎簩浣20涓栫邯閲嶉噺绾т汉鐗╁紑鍦猴細鎴樹簤榄旈甯岀壒鍕掍笌鍠滃墽澶у笀鍗撳埆鏋椼傝繖浜屼綅锛屽舰璞¤亴涓氬彛纰戝叏涓嶅悓...
绛旓細鐩村埌濡備粖锛屾湁寰堝鍘嗗彶瀛瀹跺澶忔湞鏈夋病鏈夊瓨鍦ㄨ繃闈炲父鎬鐤戯紝鍥犱负鐩墠杩樻病鏈夊叧浜庡鏈濈殑鏂囧瓧鍑哄湡锛屽寘鎷嚭鍦熺殑鏂囩墿涓婇潰涔熸病鏈夊鏈濈殑鏂囧瓧锛岃瘉鏄庝竴涓椂浠ｅ瓨鍦ㄦ渶濂界殑鏂瑰紡渚挎槸鏂囧瓧锛屼絾鏄宸у悎鐨勬槸骞舵病鏈夎杩囧鏈濈浉鍏崇殑鏂囧瓧锛岃繖灏辫澶у闈炲父鐤戞儜锛鍟嗘湞鏄澶忔湞鍚庝竴涓湞浠ｏ紝鍑哄湡鐨勬枃鐗╀笂涔熸病鏈夊鏈濈浉鍏崇殑瀛楁垨淇℃伅锛屼篃娌℃湁...
绛旓細浠栫户鎵跨埗浜查仐蹇,浜庤タ鍏冨墠11涓栫邯娑堢伃鍟嗘湞,澶哄彇鍏ㄥ浗鏀挎潈,寤虹珛浜嗚タ鍛ㄧ帇鏈,琛ㄧ幇鍑哄崜瓒婄殑鍐涗簨銆佹斂娌绘墠鑳,鎴愪负浜嗕腑鍥鍘嗗彶涓婄殑涓浠ｆ槑鍚涖傛鍚庤哎鍙封滄鈥,鍙茬О鍛ㄦ鐜嬨傚懆鎴愮帇濮(鍏厓鍓1055骞粹斿墠1021骞) 鍓1042骞粹斿墠1021骞村湪浣,22骞淬傚懆鎴愮帇,姹夋棌,濮撳К,鍚嶈,鏄腑鍥借タ鍛ㄧ浜屼唬鍥界帇,璋ュ彿鎴愮帇銆傜鍙斻佽敗鍙斾笉淇′换鍛ㄥ叕,鎸...
