网络管理员正在建立一个有14台主机和2个路由器接口的网络问使用什么样的子网最不浪费ip地址 如何在一个路由器里划分多个子网
\u7f51\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5565\u4e3b\u673aIp\u8ddf\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\uff0c\u5565\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u5417\uff1f\u6307\u7684\u662fIP\u524d\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u548c\u7f51\u5173\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5212\u5206VLAN\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u8def\u7531\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5404VLAN\u7684\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0VLAN\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5355\u81c2\u8def\u7531\u3002
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u914d\u7f6eVLAN\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u5212\u5206\u5230VLAN\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u5212\u5206\u5230VLAN\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u5c01\u88c5\u534f\u8bae dot1q\u3002
\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u8bf4\uff1a
\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63d0\u4f9bVLAN\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u5355\u81c2\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u5c01\u88c5\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acbVLAN\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5404\u7aef\u53e3\u6309\u7167\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5212\u5206\u5230\u4f60\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684VLAN\u4e2d\u3002
\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a
con t
vlan 10
vlan 20
vlan 30
interface range fastetherner 0/1-8
switchport access vlan 10
interface range fastethernet 0/9-16
switchprt aceess vlan 20
interface range fastethernet 0/17-23
switchprt aceess vlan 30
interface fastethernet 0/24 *\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u7684trunk \u53e3
switchport mode trunk
switchport trunk allow vlan all *\u8fd9\u6761\u662f\u4e3atrunk\u6253\u5f00\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2avlan\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7ftrunk\u53e3\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u5404vlan\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6b64ip\u5730\u5740\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u5404VLAN \u7684\u7f51\u5173\u3002
router#interface fa0/0
no ip addreess *\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5c42\u53e3\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u5176ip\u5730\u5740
\u4e0b\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u597dtunck\u5c01\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86trunk\u53e3
interface fa0/0.10 *\u4e3avlan 10\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3
encapsulate dot1q 10 *\u4e3avlan 10 \u914d\u7f6e\u6b64\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u7684trunk\u5c01\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f
ip adrress 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 *\u4e3avlan 10 \u7684\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740
exit
interface fa0/0.20 *\u4e3avlan 20\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3
encapsulate dot1q 20 *\u4e3avlan 20 \u914d\u7f6e\u6b64\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u7684trunk\u5c01\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f
ip adrress 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 *\u4e3avlan 20 \u7684\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740
exit
interface fa0/0.30 *\u4e3avlan 30\u5212\u5206\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3
encapsulate dot1q 30 *\u4e3avlan 30 \u914d\u7f6e\u6b64\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u7684trunk\u5c01\u88c5\u6a21\u5f0f
ip adrress 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 *\u4e3avlan 30 \u7684\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6eip\u5730\u5740
exit
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u9669\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528
router#ip routing\u3002
OK\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
\u8fd9\u65f6\u5728vlan 10\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefping \u4e00\u4e0b\u5728vlan 20\u4e2d\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8bd5\u8bd5\u3002
\u3010\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3011
1\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u5c01\u88c5dot1q\u534f\u8bae\u3002
2\uff0c\u5404\u4e2aVLAN\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u8981\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94VLAN\u5b50\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u3002
VLAN\uff08Virtual Local Area Network\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4ea4\u6362\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u53ef\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u6bb5\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u3002 \u7ec4\u5efaVLAN\u7684\u6761\u4ef6 VLAN\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5efa\u7acbVLAN\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u652f\u6301VLAN\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540cVLAN\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8def\u7531\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u8def\u7531\u8bbe\u5907\u2014\u2014\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 \u5212\u5206VLAN\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7b56\u7565 \u4ece\u6280\u672f\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0cVLAN\u7684\u5212\u5206\u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a 1\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u7aef\u53e3\u7684VLAN\u5212\u5206 \u8fd9\u79cd\u5212\u5206\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u5212\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7ec4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5212\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9700\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u8003\u8651\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 2\u3001\u57fa\u4e8eMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684VLAN\u5212\u5206 MAC\u5730\u5740\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u7f51\u5361\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u662f\u60df\u4e00\u4e14\u56fa\u5316\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u4e0a\u7684\u3002MAC\u5730\u5740\u753112\u4f4d16\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u524d8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5382\u5546\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u540e4\u4f4d\u4e3a\u7f51\u5361\u6807\u8bc6\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u6309MAC\u5730\u5740\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ad9\u70b9\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5b50\u7f51\u3002 3\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u7684VLAN\u5212\u5206 \u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bbe\u5907\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u8def\u7531\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff08\u5373\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2aVLAN\u4e2d\u3002 \u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eVLAN\u7684\u5212\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b2c1\u30013\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c2\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528VLAN\u4f18\u70b9 \u4f7f\u7528VLAN\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a 1\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4 \u4e00\u4e2aVLAN\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9VLAN\u7684\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u9694\u79bb\u4e86\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u5e7f\u64ad\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002 2\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4f53\u5b89\u5168\u6027 \u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u7b49VLAN\u5212\u5206\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7f51\u6bb5\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u5212\u5206\u5728\u4e0d\u540cVLAN\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea4\u6362\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 3\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76f4\u89c2 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绛旓細鈼 澶ч儴鍒嗚矾鐢卞櫒鍙互杞彂DHCP閰嶇疆璇锋眰,鍥犳,浜掕仈缃戠殑姣忎釜瀛愮綉骞朵笉閮介渶瑕丏HCP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ 娉ㄩ噴: 濡傛灉瑕佷娇鐢―HCP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ敮鎸佽法瓒婂閲嶈矾鐢卞櫒鐨勫瓙缃,鍒欒矾鐢卞櫒鍙兘闇瑕佺‖浠跺崌绾с傝矾鐢卞櫒蹇呴』鏀寔RFC 1533銆1534銆1541鍜1542銆 2. DHCP鍒嗛厤鍦板潃鐨勬柟寮 DHCP浣跨敤瀹㈡埛/鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦā寮,缃戠粶绠＄悊鍛樺缓绔嬩竴涓鎴栧涓狣HCP鏈嶅姟鍣,鍦ㄨ繖浜涙湇鍔...
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