英语音标的长元音和短元音有哪些？ 什么是长元音和短元音
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[ İ ] i \u00e0 it, sit, tip, hip, zip
e \u00e0 bullet, ticket
y \u00e0 symbol, certainly
[ʌ] oo\u00e0 blood, flood.
ou\u00e0 double, couple, country
o \u00e0 color, mother, brother
u \u00e0 nut, must, coconut
[Ɔ] a \u00e0 all, fall, ball
o \u00e0 focus, sorry, wolf
[u] oo \u00e0 wool, wood
[Ə] a \u00e0 around, arrive
o \u00e0 o\u2019clock
er \u00e0 driver, teacher
or \u00e0 forget, doctor
ou \u00e0 famous
[\u0435] e \u00e0 bet, let, egg, jet
ea \u00e0 head, feather
ai \u00e0 said
[æ] a \u00e0 add, cat, sad, map, clap, apple
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[İ:] e \u00e0 be, we
ee \u00e0 teeth, bee, see
ea \u00e0 tea, seat, meat
ey \u00e0 key, monkey
[\u0430׃] ar \u00e0 far, park, jar, car
[Ɔ׃] al \u00e0 wall, talk, already
au \u00e0 daughter, caught
aw \u00e0 law, draw
ough \u00e0 bought, brought, thought
[u׃] oo \u00e0 food, spoon, mood
ue \u00e0 blue, glue, clue
[Ə׃] er \u00e0 her, person, herb
ir \u00e0 shirt, birthday
ur \u00e0 fur, church
or \u00e0 worm, work, word
ear \u00e0 learn, early, earth
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[\u0430i] i \u00e0 Hi, I, alibi
ie \u00e0 lie, die
ai \u00e0 lai, bai,
i_e\u00e0 like, kite, hire, side
igh \u00e0 sight, light
y \u00e0 fly, sky
[\u0435i] ai\u00e0 fail, jail, tail, rain, mail
ay\u00e0 day, say, play, pay
ea\u00e0 break, great
a_e\u00e0 lake, cake, sake, bake
[Ɔi] oi\u00e0 oil, soil
oy\u00e0 boy, royal
[iƏ] ear\u00e0 ear, year, tear
eer \u00e0 beer, volunteer, engineer
[ɛƏ] air\u00e0 air, hair, fair, pair
ear\u00e0 bear, pear
[uƏ] ur\u00e0 tour, pure, cure
[Əu] oa\u00e0 boat, coat, soap
ow\u00e0 low, window, slow, snow
oe\u00e0 toe, poem, roe
o_e\u00e0 hole, nose, home, coke
[\u0430u] ou\u00e0 loud, cloud, blouse, hour
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\u628a seat \u3014 si\uff1at \u3015\uff08\u5ea7\u4f4d\uff09\u5ff5\u6210 sit[sit] \uff08\u5750\uff09
\u628a sheep[ F i\uff1ap] \uff08\u7ef5\u7f8a\uff09\u5ff5\u6210 ship \u3014 F ip \u3015\uff08\u8f6e\u8239\uff09\uff1b
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put \u3014 put \u3015\uff08\u653e\uff09
cup \u3014 k Q p \u3015\uff08\u676f\u5b50\uff09
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\u5ff5 bid[bid] \uff08\u547d\u4ee4\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u3014 i \u3015\u5ff5\u5f97\u7a0d\u957f\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ff5\u6210 bead \u3014 bi\uff1ad \u3015\uff08\u6709\u5b54\u5c0f\u73e0\uff09\u3002
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长元音：[eɪ]、[i:]、[aɪ]、/əʊ/、[ju:]、[a:]、[ɔ:]、[u:]
短元音：[æ]、[e]、【ɪ】、 [ɒ]、 [ʌ]
元音字母什么时候发长音：
1、 在“元音字母+辅音字母+不发音的e”中且这个音节重读。
如：combine中的i；name中的a；以及：game, safe, make, gate, whale，Pete, complete, athlete，nine, side, mile, kite, nice，note, rose, globe, those, bone，cube, rule, June, mute, dune
2、两个元音字母组合，第一个元音发长音，第二个元音不发音。
例如：ai, ay 发长A音，如sail, fail, day, say等、ea, ee, 发长E音，如 sea, see,meal, tea, need, feed等、ie 发长I音，如 tie, lie, pie等。
oa, oe 发长O音，如 load, coat, toe，boat等、ue, ui 发长U音，如glue, suit, blue, fruit等。
3、两个元音字母组合，第一个元音不发音，第二个元音发长音。
例如：eu 长u音： euro, feud, eulogy, sleuth, pneumonia、ie 长e 音：yield, chief, relief, believe, puppies、ui长i音：guide。
扩展资料：
元音字母何时发短元音
1、当一个单词或音节里只有一个元音时，该元音发短音。
例如：
A：ant, and, cat, fast, map
E：egg, net, let, bed, tent
I：inch, bit, stick, pin, pig
O：ox, hot, top, not, got
U：up, bus, sum, cup, mud
2、元音字母组合发短音的例外情况。
ea 短e音： head, bread, heavy, dead, ready
oo 短u音：（类似汉语拼音u） book, look, wood, foot, cookie，以及blood，flood
ey 短i音：monkey, money, honey, hockey, volley
3、Y和I：特别的发音规则
y在单词的结尾，且单词只有一个音节时，Y读元音I的长音，
Cry，try， by，my，spy，fly
y在单词中部+重读；或在尾部+弱读，发短i音。
pyramid, lynx, typical, bicycle, symbol
puppy, baby,candy, city, sorry
英语的音素共44个，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素24个。
元音音素可分单元音和双元音两大类，单元音又可分为短元音和长元音：
单元音短元音 /Z/ /e/ /i/ /C/ /V/ /u/ /E/ 长元音 /i:/ /C:/ /E:/ /u:/ /A:/ 双元音 /ei/ /ai/ /Eu/ /au/ /Ci/ /iE/ /XE/ /uE/
单元音按发音时舌的活动范围分，可分为前元音、中元音和后元音： 前元音 /i:/ /i/ /e/ /Z/ 中元音 /E:/ /E/ 后元音 /A:/ /C/ /C:/ /u/ /u:/ /V/
长元音：[eɪ]、[i:]、[aɪ]、/əʊ/、[ju:]、[a:]、[ɔ:]、[u:]
短元音：[æ]、[e]、【ɪ】、 [ɒ]、 [ʌ]
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