寒风轻拂面，细雨落窗前。 接下面两句，要求工整，韵律，且舒发出一种无人理解的愁绪
\u554a,\u7eaf\u767d\u65e0\u7455\u7684\u96ea\u82b1,_____\u968f\u7740\u5bd2\u98ce,______\u968f\u7740\u97f5\u5f8b,_____\u8fc7\u7070\u767d\u82cd\u7a79,\u964d\u4e34\u4eba\u95f4.\u7eaf\u767d\u65e0\u7455\u7684\u96ea\u82b1,\u548c\u7740\u5bd2\u98ce,\u8e0f\u7740\u97f5\u5f8b,\u7a7f\u8fc7\u7070\u767d\u82cd\u7a79,\u964d\u4e34\u4eba\u95f4
\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
1\uff0e
\u97f3\u6b65(Foot)\uff1a\u82f1\u8bd7\u4e2d\u91cd\u8bfb\u4e0e\u975e\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7ec4\u5408\u53eb\u4f5c\u97f3\u6b65\u3002
\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e09\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u8bfb\u3002\u5206\u6790\u82f1\u6587\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u683c\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5212\u5206\u6210\u97f3\u6b65\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6e05\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u97f3\u6b65\u53ca\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3ascansion\u3002
\u5982\uff1a\u8bd7\u53e5 \u201cFrom fairest creatures we desire increase\u201d \u8981\u662f\u5206\u6210\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50:
Fro-m fai*re-st crea*ture-s we* de-sire* i-ncrea*se
\u4e0a\u9762\u201c-\u201d\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u662f\u8f7b\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u201c*\u201d\u5219\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u662f\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e8e\u662f\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u524d\u8f7b\u8bfb\u540e\u91cd\u8bfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6291\u626c\u683c\u201d\u3002\u9887\u6709\u70b9\u5510\u8bd7\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u4ec4\u201d\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u770b\u51fa\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002
\u6839\u636e\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5355\u97f3\u6b65\u201d(monometer)\uff1b\u6bcf\u4e00\u8bd7\u884c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u53cc\u97f3\u6b65\u201d(dimeter)\uff1b\u4e09\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u4e09\u97f3\u6b65\u201d(trimeter)\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u56db\u97f3\u6b65(tetrameter\uff09\u3001\u4e94\u97f3\u6b65\u3001(pentameter)\u3001\u516d\u97f3\u6b65(hexameter)\u3001\u4e03\u97f3\u6b65(heptameter)\u3001\u516b\u97f3\u6b65(octometer)\u3002
2\uff0e
\u97f5\u5f8b(Metre)\uff1a \u97f5\u5f8b\u662f\u6307\u97f3\u6b65\u5728\u6717\u8bfb\u65f6\u7684\u8f7b\u91cd\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u8282\u594f\u6216\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u97f3\u6b65\u6240\u542b\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u82f1\u8bd7\u7684\u97f3\u6b65\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u3002\u5373\uff1a
\u6291\u626c\u683c(Iambus)
\u626c\u6291\u683c(Trochee)
\u6291\u6291\u626c\u683c(Anapaest)
\u626c\u6291\u6291\u683c(Dactyl)
\u6291\u626c\u6291\u683c(Amphibrach)
\u626c\u6291\u626c\u683c(Dactyl)
\u201c\u6291\u201d\u4e3a\u8f7b\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u201c\u626c\u201d\u4e3a\u91cd\u8bfb\u97f3\u8282\u3002\u201c\u626c\u6291\u683c\u201d\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u91cd\u8bfb\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8f7b\u8bfb\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u201c\u626c\u6291\u626c\u683c\u201d\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\uff0c\u6700\u524d\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u91cd\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f7b\u8bfb\uff0c\u540e\u91cd\u8bfb\u3002
3.
\u82f1\u6587\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u62bc\u97f5\uff1a\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u62bc\u97f5\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u6bd4\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u683c\u5f8b\u8bd7\u590d\u6742\u3002
3.1
\u5c31\u8d77\u62bc\u97f5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8f85\u97f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u5165\u97f5\uff08\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u6c49\u8bed\u53ea\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u97f5\u6bcd\u62bc\u97f5\u3002\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u62bc\u97f5\u7684\u97f3\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u5728\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u5934\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u548c\u5c3e\uff08\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u8282\uff09\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\uff1a
\u5934\u97f5(Alliteration)\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u5355\u8bcd\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5982great\u548cgrew\uff1b
\u8c10\u5143\u97f5(Assonance)\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u91cd\u8bfb\u5143\u97f3\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5982great\u548cfail\uff1b
\u5c3e\u97f5(Rhyme)\uff1a\u5219\u6307\u5355\u8bcd\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5982great\u548cbait\u3002
3.2
\u800c\u4e00\u884c\u8bd7\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u62bc\u97f5\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
The light that lies in women's eyes.
\u8fd9\u884c\u8bd7\u4e2d\u6709\u5934\u97f5light\u548clies\uff0c\u8c10\u5143\u97f5light\u3001lies\u3001eyes\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c3e\u97f5lies\u548ceyes\u3002
3.3
\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u884c\u4e0e\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u62bc\u97f5\u683c\u5f0f\u5219\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u97f5\u6cd5(rhyming scheme)\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u4e24\u884c\u8f6c\u97f5(AABB)\u3001\u9694\u884c\u62bc\u97f5(ABCB)\u3001\u9694\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u62bc\u97f5(ABAB)\u548c\u4ea4\u9519\u62bc\u97f5(ABBA)\u7b49\u3002
\u5982\u8fd9\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\uff1a
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory:
\u5373\u4e3aabab\u62bc\u97f5\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u89e3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
From fairest creatures we desire incr\uff08ease=a\uff09,
That thereby beauty's rose might never d\uff08ie=b\uff09,
But as the riper should by time dec\uff08ease=a\uff09,
His tender heir might bear his memo\uff08ry=b\uff09:
4.
\u82f1\u6587\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u7ae0\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u5546\u7c41\u8bd7\uff08\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7 \uff0d sonnet\uff09\uff1a
\u5546\u7c41\u8bd7\u987b\u9075\u5b88\uff1a\u5341\u56db\u884c\uff0c\u4e94\u97f3\u6b65\uff0c\u6291\u626c\u683c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5373\u5168\u8bd7\u5171\u5341\u56db\u884c\uff0c\u6bcf\u884c\u4e94\u4e2a\u97f3\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u97f3\u6b65\u7684\u97f5\u5f8b\u662f\u6291\u626c\u683c\u3002
\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u4f20\u5165\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u6240\u5ba0\u7231\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u5982\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u53ca\u897f\u5fb7\u5c3c\u90fd\u5199\u4e0b\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u3002\u5230\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u53c8\u53d7\u5230\u51b7\u843d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u624d\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u8bd7\u4eba\u6d4e\u6148\u3001\u6c83\u5179\u6c83\u65af\u7b49\u4eba\u590d\u5174\u3002
\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5546\u7c41\u8bd7\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u5373\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5f0f(Petrarvhan)\u53ca\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e1a\u5f0f(Shakesperoan)\uff0c\u6216\u79f0\u82f1\u56fd\u5f0f\u3002
4.1 \u610f\u5927\u5229\u5f0f\uff1a
\u7531\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bd7\u4eba\u76ae\u7279\u62c9\u514b(Petrarch)\u6240\u521b\uff0c\u5168\u8bd7\u5206\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u516b\u884c(The Octave)\uff0c\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u4f53(Quatrains)\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u97f5\u811a\u662fabbaabba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u516d\u884c(The Sestet)\uff0c\u97f5\u811a\u53ef\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5341\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\uff0c\u524d\u516b\u884c\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u8bd7\u610f\u5e94\u544a\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u516d\u884c\u53c8\u8f6c\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8bd7\u610f\u3002
4.2 \u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5f0f\uff1a
\u5168\u8bd7\u4ea6\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u97f5\u811a\u53ef\u4ea4\u66ff\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u53cc\u884c\u8bd7\u4f53\u3002\u662f\u6700\u540e\u662f\u62bc\u97f5\u7684\u53cc\u884c\u8bd7\u4f53\u3002\u5168\u8bd7\u97f5\u811a\u662fababcdcdefefgg\u3002\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5f0f\u8bd7\u4e2d\u610f\u5883\u4e00\u6c14\u5475\u6210\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u540e\u53cc\u884c\u8bd7\u4f53\uff0c\u4e3a\u5168\u8bd7\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002
谁人解花语，飘零尘世间
抚琴愁眉间，何时如所愿！
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