2019年3月21
With the development of education,people hold different views whether the homework should be baned or not.homework becomes an efficient way to check the student's learning result.
which 表示有选择项
what表示不清楚不知道没有选择项
Through the homework ,students can know what knowledge should be attention and what knowledge points they are not understanding completely.
enough homework takes up （占据）
5种主句句型
sv
谓语动词是不及物动词（vi），不可以用被动语态
eg: I jump.
svo
谓语动词是及物动词（vt）,可以使用被动语态
eg: Danel loves music.
svc
eg: Children ,be quiet please.
svoc（做补语的结构）
eg:we keep the classroom clean
svoo
eg: give it to me.
从句
n性从句
主语从句 ，主语是句子放在主语的位置
√宾语从句 ，宾语 宾语
表语从句 ，表语 表语
同位语从句
1,句子
2,从属地位
3,充当名词功能
√adj性从句 （转换成非谓语会比较地道）
充当形容词作用
定语从句 （主宾1宾2）
she is my sister who is a primary school student
转换为非谓语句子：
she is my sister studying at primary school .
非谓语 ：
非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语
判断时间关系 ：
发生在谓语动词前用done
发生在谓语动词之后用to do
同时发生用 ing
一般形式 ：ing（主动和进行）
ed（被动和完成）
to do（表目的和将来）
否定形式 ：
not/never doing
not/never to do
复合结构 ：
for/of sb to do sth
宾格或所有格+doing
ing做形式主语时用“所有格+doing”
非谓语与定语从句的转换
According to the report , many teachers are calling for kids to do homework fearing that……
转换成定语从句
According to the report, many teachers are calling fo kids to do homework who fear that ……
stress
(to give extra force to a word andsyllable when saying it)
vt.
he stressed the important of a good education .
Driving in cities really stress me.
n.
things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
when you have an injury you strat puting stress on other parts of your body.
I think the company places to much stress on cost and not enough on quality.
emphasize:
to give force to a word or phrase when saying it especially to show that it is.
现在完成时
The present perfect tense
定义：现在完成时是“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成
基本构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词
常见标识词：yet，already，just，recently，ever...
Eg. He has written the letter.
使用现在完成时的时机：
用以表示到现在为止完成的动作
Eg. He has gone to New York.
I have just finished my housework.
用以表示到现在为止的经验
Eg. I have met him several times.
I have never met such a man as he.
用以表示到现在为止仍在继续的动作或状态
Eg. She has lived here for 10 years. （she still lives here.）
TIPs：
Have been &have gone 辨析
He has gone to Hong Kong. 他已经到香港了。（现在还在）
He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾去过香港。（曾去过，现在已经回来了）
以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
通常作复数的集体名词，如police, people, poultry（家禽）, vermin（害虫）等，随后的动词用复数。
Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.
通常作不可数名词的集体名词，如machinery（机器）, equipment, furniture, merchandise（商品）等，随后的动词用单数。
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
③既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词，如audience, committee, class（班级）, crew（全体船员或机组人员）, family, government, public（公众）等，如将其表示的集体视为一个整体，则动词用单数。
The anti-crime committee is to make its report tomorrow.
反犯罪委员会将在明天作出报告。
如将侧重点放在组成集体的成员上，动词用复数。
比较：
That group of soldiers is a top-notch fighting unit.
那群士兵是一流的战斗部队。
That group of soldiers have the best ratings of individual performance.
那群士兵的个人表现最好。
a committee of / a panel of / a (the) board of +复数名词，随后的动词通常用单数。
The board of directors is responsible for the management of the firm.
董事会负责公司的管理工作。
完成时态
谓完成时就是已经完成的时态。 包括现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时。 一般用的比较多的，或者说平时我们接触的多的都是过去完成时和现在完成时。
在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。形式为：主语+have+done
语的过去完成时表示表示过去的过去。形式为：主语+had+done
语的将来完成时表示表示一个持续到过去某时的动作。形式为: 主语 + will + have + done
感叹句
感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐、惊讶、好奇等强烈感情的句子。
英语的感叹句通常以how和what开头，其中what作定语，修饰名词（名词前常有形容词或冠词），how作状语，修饰形容词、副词或句子。
【句型一】What + (a / an) +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
【句型二】What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+主语+谓语！
【句型二】How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
1.______ beautiful weather we have!
2.______tall a boy he is!
3.______a slow train this is!
第一句中的weather是不可数名词，所以其前不用不定冠词。填What。
第二句这类结构中的名词必须是单数可数名词，不能是复数名词，也不能是不可数名词，且名词前的不定冠词不能省略。填How。
第三句中的train为可数名词，因此要用不定冠词进行修饰。填What。
️ 主谓一致
“一致”(Concord或Agreement)指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。
1.语法一致原则
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。
例如:
Many people wantto go.
Each boyhas his own book.
Either answer is correct.
Much effort is wasted.
2.意义一致
有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，动词则用单数。
例如:
The governmenthave asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register (现金出纳机).
3.就近原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语(主要指名词)的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
例如:
Either my brothers or my father is coming.
Only one out of five were present.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.
Exercise
1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2. Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3. Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
1.答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。
3. 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）
It is a truth universally acknowledged that (single man in possession of a good fortune must in want of a wife.）
这是一条公认的真理……
this truth is so well fixed in minds of surrounding families
这个真理在……脑海中根深蒂固
he is considered rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
rightful property 合法财产
in possenssion of 拥有
in want of 缺乏
property
n.
1. this building is goverment property.
2. a property developer（房地产开发商）
3. there are a lot of empty properties in this area.（房地产，庄园，院落）
4. a plant with medicinal properties（药用植物）
-This apartment is let（出租） at last.
-Don't you want to know who has taken it?
-You want tell me and I have no objection to hearing it.
如果你要说我听听也无妨
-This was invitation （引诱，吸引，诱惑） enough.
This apartment is taken by a yong man of large fortune from north England.
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