在标准状况下，将224L的HCl气体溶于635ml的水中（水的密度1g/立方厘米），求所得盐酸的质量分数。
\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06224L HCl\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e635mL\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.18g?cm-3\uff0e\u8bd5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff081\uff09n\uff08HCl\uff09=224L22.4L/mol=10mol\uff0cm\uff08HCl\uff09=10mol\u00d736.5g?mol-1=365g\uff0c635mL\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a635mL\u00d71g/mL=635g\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570w=365g365g+635g\u00d7100%=36.5%\uff0cc\uff08HCl\uff09=1000\u03c1\u03c9M=1000\u00d71.18\u00d736.5%36.5mol/L=11.8mol/L\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a11.8mol/L\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636ec\uff08\u6d53\uff09?V\uff08\u6d53\uff09=c\uff08\u7a00\uff09?V\uff08\u7a00\uff09\u53ef\u77e5\uff1ac\uff08\u7a00\uff09=11.8mol?L-1\u00d70.1L\u00f71.18L=1mol?L-1\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a1mol?L-1\uff1b\uff083\uff09n\uff08Na2CO3\uff09=0.040L\u00d70.065mol?L-1=0.0026 mol\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fCO2\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNa2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\u6d88\u8017HCl\u4e3a0.0026mol\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7x mL\uff0c\u5219n\uff08HCl\uff09=1mol?L-1\u00d70.001x L=0.001x mol\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94Na2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u53ef\u5f970.0026=0.001x\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97x=2.6\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc72.6\u6beb\u5347\uff0e
\uff081\uff09n\uff08HCl\uff09=224L22.4L/mol=10mol\uff0cm\uff08HCl\uff09=10mol\u00d736.5g?mol-1=365g\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79efV=365g+635g1.18g/cm3=847ml=0.847L\uff0c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6c=10mol0.847L=11.8mol/L\uff1b\u8bbe\u7a00\u91ca\u540e\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3ac1\uff0c\u7531\u7a00\u91ca\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u5f97\uff1a11.8mol/L\u00d70.1L=c1\u00d71.18L\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97\uff1ac1=1mol/L\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a1mol/L\uff1a\uff082\uff09n\uff08Na2CO3\uff09=0.040L\u00d70.065mol?L-1=0.0026 mol\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7x mL\uff0c\u5219n\uff08HCl\uff09=1mol?L-1\u00d70.001x L=0.001x mol\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94Na2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u53ef\u5f970.0026=0.001x\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97x=2.6\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2.6\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u84b8\u53d1\u4e2d\u548c\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6240\u5f97\u56fa\u4f53\u4e3aNaCl\uff0c\u6839\u636eCl\u5143\u7d20\u5b88\u6052\uff1an\uff08NaCl\uff09=n\uff08HCl\uff09=0.050L\u00d72mol?L-1=0.1mol\uff0c\u6545m\uff08NaCl\uff09=0.1mol\u00d758.5g?mol-1=5.85g\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a5.85\uff0e
p代表密度HCl的质量=(V/Vm)*M=(224/22.4)*36.5=365g
HCl的物质的量=(V/Vm)=(224/22.4)=10mol
m(H2O)=p(H2O)*V
=1*635=635
HCl的溶液的质量=635+365=1000
所得盐酸的质量分数=365/1000=36.5%
稀释后盐酸的物质的量浓度=10/1.19=8.40mol/L
绛旓細鈶存牴鎹弽搴斺憼锛屾瘡浜х敓22.4L锛鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓锛塁O2锛屽惛鏀舵恫璐ㄩ噺灏嗗鍔 g銆傗懙閰嶅埗1000g璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟涓21.2%鐨勭函纰卞惛鏀舵恫锛岄渶Na2CO3�6�110H2O澶氬皯鍏嬶紵鈶剁幇鏈1000g璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟涓21.2%鐨勭函纰卞惛鏀舵恫锛屽惛鏀剁閰稿伐涓氬熬姘旓紝姣忎骇鐢22.4L锛堟爣鍑嗙姸鍐碉級CO2鏃讹紝鍚告敹娑茶川閲忓氨澧炲姞44g銆傗憼璁＄畻鍚告敹娑蹭腑NaNO2...
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绛旓細甯告俯涓,鍙栦綋绉瘮4鈭1鐨勭敳鐑峰拰姘㈡皵鐨勬贩鍚堟皵浣11.2L(鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓),缁忓畬鍏ㄧ噧鐑у悗鎭㈠鑷冲娓,鍒欐斁鍑虹殑鐑噺涓 銆 27.(4鍒)鏌愰犵焊鍘傛帓鍑虹殑搴熸按,缁忓彇鏍峰垎鏋愬叾涓櫎浜嗗惈鏈夋父绂绘睘銆佺氦缁寸礌浠ュ強鍏跺畠鐨勬湁鏈虹墿澶,鍏跺畠鎴愬垎涓篶(Na+)=4脳10鈥4mol/L,c(SO42鈥)=2.5脳10鈥4mol/L,c(Cl鈥)=1.6脳10鈥5 mol/L,c(NO3...
绛旓細鍥炵瓟锛氬湪杞﹀瓙涓婇潰,鍌诲晩
绛旓細琚按鍚告敹鐨勬隘鍖栨阿姘斾綋鎽╁皵鏁帮細357.5L/(22.4L/mol)=16.0 锛涙隘鍖栨阿姘斾綋鐨勮川閲忓厠鏁帮細16.0mol*36.5g/mol=584 锛涘緱鍒扮殑鐩愰吀娴撳害璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛584g/(584g+1000g)=0.369=36.9% 銆傜洂閰告憾娑蹭綋绉崌鏁帮細(584g+1000g)/1.19g/ml =1331ml=1.331L 锛涘緱鍒扮殑鐩愰吀鐨勭墿璐ㄩ噺娴撳害锛16.0mol/1....
绛旓細0.5mol姘皵涓0.5mol姘㈡皵鐢熸垚1mol姘寲姘紝鍏戞垚鏍囧喌涓嬬敓鎴22.4mol hcl
绛旓細11.2 L鏄 0.5 mol HC鈮H + 2 Br2 鈥斺> CHBr2-CHBr2 0.5 mol 1 mol 鍗虫秷鑰桞r2 1 mol锛岃川閲 = 160 g 缁撹锛160 g
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绛旓細2銆鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,鐩涙弧HCl鍜孨2娣峰悎姘斾綋鐨勭儳鐡,鐢ㄥ柗娉夊疄楠岀殑鏂规硶鍏呮按鑷冲柗娉夌粨鏉,鎵寰楃儳鐡跺唴鐩愰吀鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︿负 A銆0.045mol/L B銆0.45mol/L C銆0.5mol/L D銆佹棤娉曡绠 3銆(2003•姹熻嫃)鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭俯搴︿笅,鏌愭棤姘寸洂R鍦ㄦ按涓憾瑙ｅ害涓23g,鍚慠鐨勯ケ鍜屾憾娑蹭腑鍔犲叆Bg璇ユ棤姘寸洂,淇濇寔娓╁害涓嶅彉,鏋愬嚭R鐨勭粨鏅舵按鍚堢墿Wg,浠...
