熟练操作OpenStack平台需要掌握哪些组件的安装与配置？ 学习Openstack需要运维人员掌握哪些技术
openstack\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u88c5\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e00\u3001 \u6570\u636e\u5e93
a) \u5b89\u88c5
# apt-get install python-mysqldb mysql-server
b) \u914d\u7f6e
\u4fee\u6539 /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
\u2026
bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # ip \u5730\u5740\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u673a
default-storage-engine = innodb #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u50a8\u5f15\u64ce\u4e3a Innodb
innodb_file_per_table
collation-server = utf8_general_ci #\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
c) \u91cd\u542f mysql \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u5f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237
# service mysql restart
# mysql_secure_installation \u6216 # mysql_install_db
\u4e8c\u3001 \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u914d\u7f6e
a) \u5b89\u88c5 OpenStack Havana Ubuntu \u4e91\u6863\u6848
# apt-get install python-software-properties
# add-apt-repository cloud-archive:Havana
b) \u66f4\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf
# apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade
# reboot
\u4e09\u3001 \u6d88\u606f\u670d\u52a1
\u6d88\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528 rabbitmq
# apt-get install rabbitmq-server
\u6ce8\uff1a rabbitmq \u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a guest \u7528\u6237\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 guest \u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e0b guest \u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u914d\u7f6e nova \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 rabbitmq \u5bc6\u7801
# rabbitmqctl change_password guest openstack
\u56db\u3001 Keystone \u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1
a) \u5b89\u88c5
# apt-get install keystone
b) \u914d\u7f6e
1) \u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
...
[sql]
# The SQLAlchemy connection string used to connect to the database
connection = mysql://keystone:[email protected]/keystone
...
2) \u5220\u9664\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93
rm \u2013f /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db
3) \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE keystone;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
4) \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868
# keystone-manage db_sync
5) \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684 Token \u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528
# openssl rand -hex 10 > /root/token # \u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765
\u7f16\u8f91 /etc/keystone/keyston.conf
[DEFAULT]
# A "shared secret" between keystone and other openstack services
admin_token = ADMIN_TOKEN
...
6) \u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1
# service keystone restart
c) \u521b\u5efa\u79df\u6237 (tenant) \u3001\u7528\u6237 (user) \u3001\u89d2\u8272 (role)
\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 token \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 token \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 keystone \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528 \u2013os-token \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6307\u5b9a token \u3002
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a
# export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=ADMIN_TOKEN
# export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0
1) \u521b\u5efa\u79df\u6237 admin \u548c service
# keystone tenant-create --name=admin --description="Admin Tenant"
# keystone tenant-create --name=service --description="Service Tenant"
2) \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237 admin
#keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=openstack --email=admin@localhost
# keystone role-create --name=admin
3) \u4e3a admin \u521b\u5efa role
4) \u5173\u8054 user \u3001 tenant \u548c role
# keystone user-role-add --user=admin --tenant=admin --role=admin
d) \u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1 (service) \u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7aef\u70b9 (endpoint)
1) \u521b\u5efa keystone \u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a identity( \u8ba4\u8bc1 )
# keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity --description="Keystone Identity Service"
2) \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 service id \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7aef\u70b9
# keystone endpoint-create \
--service-id=the_service_id_above\
--publicurl=http://127.0.0.1:5000/v2.0 \
--internalurl=http://127.0.0.1:5000/v2.0 \
--adminurl=http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0
e) \u6821\u9a8c keystone \u670d\u52a1
\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86 admin \u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 admin \u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee keystone \u670d\u52a1
$ unset OS_SERVICE_TOKEN OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT
$ keystone --os-username=admin --os-password=openstack --os-auth-url=http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0 token-get
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u7f16\u8f91 /root/keystone.sh
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=openstack
export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://127.0.0.1:35357/v2.0
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ea\u8981\u6267\u884c # source keystone.sh \u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5 keystone \u4e86
\u4e94\u3001 \u955c\u50cf\u670d\u52a1 \u2014glance
a) \u5b89\u88c5
# apt-get install glance python-glanceclient
b) \u914d\u7f6e
1) \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5
\u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 /etc/glance/glance-api.conf \u548c /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
...
[DEFAULT]
...
# SQLAlchemy connection string for the reference implementation
# registry server. Any valid SQLAlchemy connection string is fine.
# See: http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/05/reference/sqlalchemy/connections.
html#sqlalchemy.create_engine
sql_connection = mysql://glance:[email protected]/glance
...
2) \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE glance;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'openstack';
3) \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868
# glance-manage db_sync
4) \u521b\u5efa glance \u7528\u6237\u5e76\u5173\u8054\u5230\u89d2\u8272
# keystone user-create --name=glance --pass=openstack --email=glance@localhost
# keystone user-role-add --user=glance --tenant=service --role=admin
5) \u914d\u7f6e glance \u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528 keystone \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1
\u7f16\u8f91 /etc/glance/glance-api.conf \u548c /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf \u6587\u4ef6
[keystone_authtoken]
...
auth_uri = http://127.0.0.1:5000
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
auth_port = 35357
auth_protocol = http
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = glance
admin_password = openstack
...
[paste_deploy]
...
flavor = keystone
6) \u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u5230 /etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini \u548c /etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini \u6587\u4ef6
[filter:authtoken]
paste.filter_factory=keystoneclient.middleware.auth_token:filter_factory
auth_host=127.0.0.1
admin_user=glance
admin_tenant_name=service
admin_password=openstack
7) \u6ce8\u518c\u955c\u50cf\u670d\u52a1
# keystone service-create --name=glance --type=image --description="Glance Image Service"
8) \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 service id \u521b\u5efa\u8bbf\u95ee\u70b9
# keystone endpoint-create \
--service-id=the_service_id_above \
--publicurl=http://127.0.0.1:9292 \
--internalurl=http://127.0.0.1:9292 \
--adminurl=http://127.0.0.1:9292
9) \u91cd\u542f\u955c\u50cf\u670d\u52a1
# service glance-registry restart
# service glance-api restart
c) \u521b\u5efa\u955c\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6
CirrOS \u955c\u50cf\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a qcow2 \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u955c\u50cf\u5e76\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230 glance \u670d\u52a1\u5668
$ mkdir images
$ cd images/
$ wget http://cdn.download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.1/cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-disk.img
# glance image-create --name="CirrOS 0.3.1" --disk-format=qcow2 --container-format=bare --is-public=true < cirros-0.3.1-x86_64-disk.img
\u67e5\u770b\u4e0a\u4f20\u7684\u955c\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528
# glance image-list
\u516d\u3001 \u8ba1\u7b97\u670d\u52a1
a) \u5b89\u88c5\u8ba1\u7b97\u670d\u52a1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
# apt-get install nova-novncproxy novnc nova-api nova-ajax-console-proxy nova-cert nova-conductor nova-consoleauth nova-doc nova-scheduler python-novaclient
# apt-get install nova-compute-kvm python-guestfs
\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u6838 bug
# dpkg-statoverride --update --add root root 0644 /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r)
# vim /etc/kernel/postinst.d/statoverride
#!/bin/sh
version="$1"
# passing the kernel version is required
[ -z "${version}" ] && exit 0
dpkg-statoverride --update --add root root 0644 /boot/vmlinuz-${version}
# chmod +x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/statoverride
b) \u914d\u7f6e
1) \u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 /etc/nova/nova.conf
...
[database]
# The SQLAlchemy connection string used to connect to the database
connection = mysql://nova:[email protected]/nova
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_host = 127.0.0.1
auth_port = 35357
auth_protocol = http
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = nova
admin_password = openstack
2) \u914d\u7f6e\u8ba1\u7b97\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528 rabbitmq \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u4f20\u9001\u4fe1\u606f
\u7f16\u8f91\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 /etc/nova/nova.conf
...
[DEFAULT]
rpc_backend = nova.rpc.impl_kombu
rabbit_host = 127.0.0.1
rabbit_password = openstack # \u5982\u679crabbitmq\u672a\u6539\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4guest\u5bc6\u7801
...
openstack\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e91\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5316\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u5757\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u5361\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f60\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e95\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u6545\u969c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u65ad\u5b9a\u6545\u969c\u70b9\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u5757\uff0c\u4f60\u5f97\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u5b58\u50a8\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u548c\u719f\u7ec3\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u6b64\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3openstack\u5404\u77e5\u8bc6\u96be\u70b9\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u70b9\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bb2\u89e3openstack\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u5c11\u8d70\u5f2f\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1openstack\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7f51\u9875\u94fe\u63a5
Client1并不是安装所必须的，在本例中，它仅用来制作打包镜像，并使用它访问Horizon在Web上管理OpenStack设施。于是就避免了使用服务器来完成镜像打包等诸如此类的任务了，而且在制作桌面系统镜像时如果包含视窗界面的话，我们也只能相应地使用有GUI的电脑来完成。建议Client1支持虚拟化技术，以便在制作完镜像打包时可以运行KVM。
OpenStack安装需要设定主机名、IP地址等，按你实际的环境进行配置。下表是译者安装的网络参数清单：
这里写图片描述
二、Server1
正如上表所示，Server1包含了所有的Nova服务：nova-compute、nova-api、nova-volume、nova-network以及Glance、Swift、Keystone和Horizon。这台服务器上需要双网卡。
（一）安装底层OS
不必多想，请参照下述说明，记住相关参数，选择64位Ubuntu12.04版，进行安装。
l 创建的第一个用户命名为“localadmin”
l 为eth0和eth1设定IP及其相关参数
l 在安装服务包中，仅选择“Openssh-server”作为预装项
因为Server1上也将安装nova-volume软件，而nova-volume需要一块专用分区，所以在安装Ubuntu Server时请选择手动分区，并另行创建一块合适大小的分区。从本章起，教程都将以/dev/sda6作为这块分区。你可以根据自己分区的实际情况进行修改。此外，请使用fdisk工具将该分区需要格式化为LVM（8e）格式，这一操作在安装中或刚安装完毕格式化均可。进一步，如果你还计划在这台服务器上再新建一个分区配给Swift的话，那么就新建一块分区并参照本章后文“安装Swift”一节相关内容进行安装。
待12.04的UbuntuOS安装完毕后 ，可以使用
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