A、B、C、D、E、F是中学化学教材中六种常见的物质,它们之间有如图所示的相互转化关系(反应条件及部分产
\u5df2\u77e5\uff1aA\u3001B\u3001C\u3001D\u3001E\u3001F\u662f\u4e2d\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u6750\u4e2d\u516d\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\uff08I\uff09\u82e5A\u3001D\u662f\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0cF\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u78b1\uff0c\u7531A\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u77e5A\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5eAl\uff0c\u7269\u8d28D\u4e45\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u6613\u53d8\u6210\u7ea2\u68d5\u8272\u7c89\u672bB\uff0cB\u4e3aFe2O3\uff0cD\u4e3aFe\uff0c\u7531A+B\u2192C+D\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cC\u4e3aAl2O3\uff0c\u7531\u53cd\u5e94\u2461Al2O3\u5f3a\u78b1FE\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u2462Al\u5f3a\u78b1FE\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cE\u4e3a\u504f\u94dd\u9178\u76d0\uff0c\uff081\uff09A\u4e3aAl\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u58f3\u91cc\u542b\u91cf\u5c45\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\uff0cD\u4e3aFe\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u5468\u671f\u7b2c\u2164\u2162\u65cf\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e09\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u5468\u671f\u7b2c\u2164\u2162\u65cf\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u2462\u662f\u94dd\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u504f\u94dd\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c14\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2\u2191\uff1b\u53cd\u5e94\u2462\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u539f\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u5176\u8d1f\u6781\u7684\u7535\u6781\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u4e3aAl-3e-+4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2Al+2OH-+2H2O=2AlO2-+3H2\u2191\uff1bAl-3e-+4OH-=AlO2-+2H2O\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u2460\u662f\u94dd\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u94c1\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u94c1\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u94dd\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a2Al+Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 . 2Fe+Al2O3\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2Al+Fe2O3 \u9ad8\u6e29 . 2Fe+Al2O3\uff1b\uff084\uff09D\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u7684\u6c34\u5316\u7269\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a4Fe\uff08OH\uff092+2H2O+O2=4Fe\uff08OH\uff093\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\uff1a4Fe\uff08OH\uff092+2H2O+O2=4Fe\uff08OH\uff093\uff1b\uff08II\uff09A\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\uff0cD\u3001F\u662f\u6c14\u6001\u5355\u8d28\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u2460\u4e3a\u7f6e\u6362\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7531\u8f6c\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u77e5\uff0cA\u4e3a\u53d8\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0cF\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u77e5A\u4e3aFe\uff0cF\u4e3aCl2\uff0c\u6545B\u4e3aHCl\u3001C\u4e3a\u6c2f\u5316\u4e9a\u94c1\u3001D\u4e3a\u6c22\u6c14\u3001E\u4e3a\u6c2f\u5316\u94c1\uff0c\uff081\uff09F\u4e3a\u6c2f\u6c14\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b1g D\u4e0eF\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210B\uff08\u6c14\u6001\uff09\u65f6\u653e\u51fa92.3kJ\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u7531H2+Cl2 \u70b9\u71c3 . 2HCl\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c1gD\u4e3a1g2g/mol=0.5mol\uff0c\u751f\u62101molB\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u82e5\u751f\u62101molB\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u70ed\u91cf\u4e3a92.3kJ\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a92.3kJ\uff0e
\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2dA\u3001B\u3001C\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0cD\u3001E\u3001F\u542b\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0e\u5229\u7528\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u731c\u60f3A\u662f\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\uff0cB\u662f\u6c27\u6c14C\u662f\u6c34\uff0c\u800cE\u662f\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3D\u662f\u78b3F\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53cc\u6c27\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u6c27\u6c14\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6c22\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c34\uff1b\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u4e14\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u78b3\u9178\uff0c\u6545\u731c\u60f3\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\uff081\uff09C\u662f\u6c34\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e3aH2O\uff0cF\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e3aCO2\uff1b\uff082\uff09D\u8f6c\u5316\u6210E\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u78b3\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a2C+O2 \u70b9\u71c3 . 2CO\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u6545\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u5e94\u5706\u5708\u4e2d\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u5bf9\u8c03\uff0e\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09H2O\uff1bCO2\uff1b\uff082\uff092C+O2 \u70b9\u71c3 . 2CO\uff1b\uff08\u6216\u6216\u2026\uff09\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u56e0\u6b64\u8f6c\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5bf9\u79f0\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u6545\u5de6\u53f3\u5bf9\u5e94\u5706\u5708\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u5bf9\u8c03\uff0e\u4f46\u4e66\u5199\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65f6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff081\uff09\u4e2d\u6240\u586b\u7269\u8d28\u548c\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0e\uff081\uff09H2O\u548cCO2\uff08\u6216O2\u548cCO\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff09\uff082\uff092C+O2 \u70b9\u71c3 . 2CO\uff08\u6216C+O2 \u70b9\u71c3 . CO2\u62162Mg+CO2 \u70b9\u71c3 . C+2MgO\u2026\uff09
A、B是家庭厨房中常用调味品的主要成分,且为有机物,二者应为CH 3 COOH和C 2 H 5 OH,B的相对分子质量比A大14,可知A为C 2 H 5 OH,含有的官能团为羟基, B为CH 3 COOH,E是密度最小的气体,应为H 2 ,则F为Na,C为H 2 O,D为CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ,反应①的化学方程式化为CH 3 COOH+C 2 H 5 OH CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 +H 2 O, 故答案为:钠;羟基;CH 3 COOH+C 2 H 5 OH CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 +H 2 O. |
绛旓細浠庣櫧鐑熺潃鎵 涓涓繀瀹氭槸NH3 涓涓繀瀹氭槸HCl NH3鍜孒Cl閮藉惈鏈塇鍏冪礌锛屾墍浠D涓瀹氭槸H2 F鏄绾㈡鑹叉皵浣 寰堝彲鑳芥槸NO2 閭d箞E鏄疦O C鏄疧2 Z鏄疕2O 鍒橸鏄疦H3 X鏄疕Cl A鏄Cl2 B鏄疦2 G鏄疕NO3 绛旀 D鐨勫寲瀛﹀紡 H2 鐧界儫鍖栧寮 NH4Cl 3鐨勫弽搴 鏄 3NO2 +H2O==2HNO3 + NO 鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忎负 4NH3 +...
绛旓細棰樼洰鏈夌偣闂璨屼技銆傘傘侳鍔燢SCN鐢熸垚琛绾㈣壊婧舵恫璇存槑F鏄湁涓変环閾佺殑鏌愬寲鍚堢墿锛屽叾婧舵恫鍙互瑙g鍑轰笁浠烽搧绂诲瓙銆傞偅涔圓鎺ㄦ祴涓篎e2O3锛屼絾鏄敱鍓嶉潰鐨勫彲鎺ㄥ嚭鏄疐e2O3琚獵O杩樺師鍒堕搧鐨勫弽搴斻傛墍浠ュ垎鏋愮浜岄涓殑A搴旇鏄疌銆傞偅涔堝氨閫氫簡銆A鏄Fe锛孊鏄CO2锛孋鏄疐e2O3锛孌鏄疧2锛孍鏄CO锛孎鏄FeCl3銆傛柟绋嬪紡锛欶e2O3+...
绛旓細A銆丅銆丆銆D鏄腑瀛鍖栧鏁欐潗涓父瑙佺殑4绉嶅崟璐锛孉鏄粍缁胯壊姘斾綋锛屽垯A涓篊l2锛孊涓嶤鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚F锛甯告俯甯稿帇涓嬫槸鏃犺壊娑蹭綋锛屽垯F涓篐2O锛孊銆丆閮ㄥ垎涓烘阿姘斻佹哀姘斾腑鐨勪竴绉嶏紝鍏朵腑B鑳戒笌姘按鍦ㄥ厜鐓ф潯浠朵笅鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚E锛鍒橞涓篐2锛孋涓篛2锛孍鏄疕Cl锛孖鏄疎鍜孎褰㈡垚鐨勬祿婧舵恫锛屽垯I涓虹洂閰革紝H鏄粦鑹茬矇鏈紝涓庣洂閰稿弽搴旂敓鎴愭隘姘...
绛旓細A-姘㈡皵锛汢-閾滐紱C-纭吀閾滐紱D-纭吀閽″拰姘㈡哀鍖栭摐锛汦-閾侊紱F-纰筹紱G-浜屾哀鍖栫⒊锛汬-姘у寲閾滐紱I-纰抽吀閽欙紱
绛旓細A:Na2CO3 B:SiO2 C:Na2SiO3 D:CO2 E:H2SiO3[H4SiO4]F:NaCl Na2CO3 + SiO2 =楂樻俯= Na2SiO3 + CO2 Na2CO3 +2HCl == 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 Na2SiO3 + 2HCl == 2NaCl + H2SiO3(娌夋穩锛夋垨锛歂a2SiO3 + 2HCl + H2O == 2NaCl + H4SiO4(娌夋穩锛
绛旓細MnCl 2 +Cl 2 鈫+2H 2 O锛2锛塁lO 锛 +Cl 锛 +2H + =Cl 2 鈫+ H 2 O锛3锛夆憼 SO 2 锛堟垨H 2 SO 3 锛 鈶 Cl 2 +2I 锛 =2Cl 锛 +I 2 鈶 2 鏈夋哀鍖栨э紝SO 2 鑳藉皢I 2 杩樺師鎴怚 锛 锛屼粠鑰屼娇钃濊壊娑堝け 璇曢鍒嗘瀽锛A銆B銆C銆D銆E銆F銆丠鍒嗗埆涓篗nO 2 銆丠Cl銆...
绛旓細瀹為獙瀹ゅ父鐢˙鍜孹鍒跺鍗曡川E锛搴斾负H 2 O 2 鍦∕nO 2 鍌寲鏉′欢涓嬬敓鎴愮殑鍙嶅簲锛屽垯X涓篗nO 2 锛孊涓篐 2 O 2 锛孍涓篛 2 锛孎鐨勬憾娑蹭笌X鍏辩儹閫氬父鐢ㄤ簬瀹為獙瀹ゅ埗澶囧崟璐C锛涓篗nO 2 鍜屾祿鐩愰吀鍙嶅簲鍒跺Cl 2 鐨勫弽搴旓紝鍒橣涓篐Cl锛孋涓篊l 2 锛孌鏄涓绉嶄笉鎸ュ彂鎬ч吀锛屽叾娴撴憾娑叉湁寮烘哀鍖栨э紝搴斾负H 2 SO 4 ...
绛旓細(1)鍐欏嚭A銆丅鍜孋鐨勫寲瀛﹀紡:A ,B ,C 銆 (2)渚濇鍐欏嚭A鈫D鍜孌鈫E(E涓惈鏈夋煇+5浠峰厓绱犵殑鍚哀閰告牴绂诲瓙)鐨勭瀛愭柟绋嬪紡: , 銆 (3)鍐欏嚭灏哠O2姘斾綋閫氬叆K婧舵恫涓彂鐢熷弽搴旂殑绂诲瓙鏂圭▼寮: (4)鍐欏嚭鐢F鈫扝鐨勫寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡: 2. A銆丅銆丆銆丏銆丒浜旂鐭懆鏈熷厓绱,瀹冧滑鐨勫師瀛愬簭鏁颁緷娆″澶с侭鍘熷瓙鐨勬渶澶栧眰鐢靛瓙鏁版槸鐢靛瓙灞傛暟...
绛旓細1锛堿涓篘aI B涓築r2 C涓篊l2 E涓篒2 F涓篘aCl 鍥犳绛旀涓猴細C>B>E 鍗充负Cl2 >Br2>I2 2Br- + Cl2= Br2+ 2Cl- 2锛堿涓篘a2O2 B涓篐2O C涓篊O2 E涓篛2 F涓篘a2CO3 鍥犳绛旀涓猴細O2 2 mol 2H2O+2Na2O2=4NaOH+O2 3) Fe Fe2O3+2AL = 楂樻俯 AL2...
绛旓細鎵浠銆B銆丆銆D銆丒銆丗鍏鐗╄川涓墍鍚殑鍚屼竴绉嶅厓绱犳槸Fe锛鏁呯瓟妗堜负锛Fe锛涳紙2锛夌敱锛1锛夊垎鏋愬彲鐭锛孋涓篎eCl 2 锛孏涓篈l 2 O 3 锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細FeCl 2 锛汚l 2 O 3 锛涳紙3锛夊弽搴斺憼Fe 3 O 4 涓轰笌Al鍦ㄩ珮娓╀笅鍙戠敓閾濈儹鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚Fe锛屽弽搴旂殑鏂圭▼寮忎负8Al+3Fe 3 O 4 楂樻俯 . 9Fe+4...