供配电线路消防设计上应注意的几个问题 电气设计应注意哪些问题？
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\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6d88\u9632\u6cf5\u914d\u7535\u8bbe\u8ba1\u73af\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u6d88\u9632\u6cf5\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u706d\u706b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6d88\u9632\u6cf5\u914d\u7535\u8bbe\u8ba1\u73af\u8282\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u7535\u6c14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u6d88\u9632\u6cf5\u7684\u914d\u7535\u8bbe\u8ba1\u73af\u8282\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u4e60\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5728\u6d88\u9632\u6cf5\u914d\u7535\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u8ba4\u8ba4\u771f\u771f\u3001\u8003\u8651\u5468\u5168\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7b51\u7535\u6c14\u65bd\u5de5\u56fe\u5ba1\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u771f\u628a\u597d\u5ba1\u56fe\u5173\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdd\u53cd\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u6761\u6587\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u6d88\u9632\u7cfb\u7edf\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u9690\u60a3\u3002
\u7535\u6c14\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898:
1.\u4f9b\u914d\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf
1.1 \u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u9664\u73b0\u6709\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a
1.1.1 \u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u7f6e\u8981\u7d27\u51d1
\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u505a\u5230\u5e73\u9762\u5e03\u7f6e\u8981\u7d27\u51d1\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u9002\u5f53\u964d\u4f4e\u5c42\u9ad8\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u5f00\u6316\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u8005\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4e0a\u8fdb\u7ebf\u4e0a\u51fa\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
1.1.2 \u51fa\u5165\u53e3
\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e8c\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\uff08\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u540a\u88c5\u5b54\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u540a\u88c5\u5b54\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9632\u6c34\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u95e8\u5bbd\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u5bbd\u52a0200\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u95e8\u9ad8\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u9ad8\u52a0300\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u95e8\u5747\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u95e8\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5f00\u542f\u65b9\u5411\u5e94\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u3002
1.1.3 \u7535\u7f06\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3
\u7535\u7f06\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u5df2\u8bbe\u6709\u4e13\u7528\u7535\u7f06\u4e95\u9053\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u9632\u6c34\u9632\u6d2a\u63aa\u65bd\u3002
1.1.4 \u901a\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf
\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9001\u3001\u6392\u98ce\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9c\u91c7\u7528\u4e0b\u4fa7\u9001\u4e0a\u4fa7\u56de\uff08\u9001\u98ce\u53e3\u8ddd\u5730300 \u6beb\u7c73\uff09\u3002\u98ce\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\uff0c\u5b9c\u8bbe\u4e8b\u6545\u6392\u98ce\u6247\u3002\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u6362\u6c14\u6b21\u6570\u4e3a15\u6b21/h\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u53d1\u70ed\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u5730\u9053\u98ce\uff0c\u5728\u98ce\u9053\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u5e94\u8bbe\u9632\u706b\u9600\u95e8\u3002
1.1.5 \u9632\u6c34\u63aa\u65bd
\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u5e94\u59a5\u5584\u9009\u62e9\u9632\u6c34\u63aa\u65bd\uff08\u5982\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u9694\u6c34\u6cd5\u3001\u964d\u6392\u6c34\u6cd5\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u6cbf\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u7684\u5916\u5899\u5185\u4fa7\u5e94\u8bbe\u6392\u6c34\u660e\u6c9f\u548c\u96c6\u6c34\u5751\u3002
1.1.6 \u9632\u6d2a\u63aa\u65bd
\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\u5747\u8981\u9ad8\u51fa\u7ad9\u5916\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u51fa\u767e\u5e74\u4e00\u9047\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d0.3\u7c73\u3002\u9644\u8bbe\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u5ba4\u5185\u5730\u576a\u5e94\u62ac\u9ad80.15\u7c73\uff0c\u4e25\u9632\u6c34\u55b7\u6dcb\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u79ef\u6c34\u3002
1.1.7 \u9632\u6f6e\u63aa\u65bd
\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u5404\u623f\u95f4\uff08\u9ad8\u4f4e\u538b\u914d\u7535\u95f4\u3001\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u95f4\uff09\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53bb\u6e7f\u673a\u7535\u6e90\u63d2\u5ea7\uff0c\u7bb1\u677f\u5e73\u9f50\u3002\u63d2\u5ea7\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c6\u53bb\u6e7f\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u800c\u5b9a\u3002
1.1.8 \u9632\u706b\u63aa\u65bd
\u5730\u4e0b\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9632\u706b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u6709\u5173\u9632\u706b\u89c4\u8303\u3002
1.2 \u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u5e7f\u5e94\u7528D \u00b7 Yn11\u7ed3\u7ebf\u914d\u7535\u53d8\u538b\u5668
1.2.1 D \u00b7 Yn11\u7ed3\u7ebf\u914d\u7535\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u5177\u6709\u4f4e\u635f\u8017\u3001\u6291\u5236\u9ad8\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u7535\u6d41\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u3001\u96f6\u5e8f\u7535\u6297\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5207\u9664\u4f4e\u538b\u4fa7\u5355\u76f8\u63a5\u5730\u6545\u969c\u6709\u5229\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002
1.2.2 D \u00b7 Yn11\u7ed3\u7ebf\u914d\u7535\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u76f8\u4e09\u7ee7\u7535\u5668\u661f\u5f62\u63a5\u7ebf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7075\u654f\u5ea6 \uff0c\u662fY \u00b7 Yn0\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u76841.155\u500d\u3002\u82e5\u91c7\u7528\u4ea4\u6d41\u64cd\u4f5c\u7535\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u53bb\u5206\u6d41\u5f0f\u7ee7\u7535\u4fdd\u62a4\u63a5\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
1.2.3 D \u00b7 Yn11\u7ed3\u7ebf\u914d\u7535\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u7a0b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7535\u6d41\u901f\u65ad\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u8fc7\u7535\u6d41\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u4f4e\u538b\u4fa7\u5355\u76f8\u63a5\u5730\u77ed\u8def\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u5176\u6574\u5b9a\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0eY \u00b7 Yn0\u914d\u7535\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u76f8\u540c\u3002
1、一类高层建筑未选用低烟无卤电线电缆聚氯乙烯在高温下的燃烧过程中，会释放出氯化氢、二恶英等大量有毒气体，同时产生大量的黑色烟雾。
发生火灾时，黑色烟雾阻挡视线，增加了被困人员疏散以及消防人员灭火和施救的难度，被困人员吸入上述有毒气体后，会严重损害身体健康，甚至导致窒息死亡。
2、选用不存在的电线电缆型号在建筑施工图审查过程中，常常发现有些设计人员选用WDZ-BV电线、WDZ-VV电缆、WDZ-YJV电缆或WDZN-BV电线、WDZN-VV电缆、WDZN-YJV电缆。
3、选用阻燃或耐火电线电缆未明确阻燃等级多数设计人员选用阻燃或耐火电线电缆时未标明其阻燃等级，即便标明了阻燃等级，也未考虑成束敷设的电线电缆单位长度内有机物的体积，则选用的电线电缆很可能不具备阻燃性能，无疑存在安全隐患。
二、导体截面要求
导体截面太小电线电缆的导体截面除应满足配电线路电压损失和机械强度的要求外，还应满足短路条件下热稳定以及电线电缆的允许载流量不小于其保护装置的整定电流和该线路计算负荷电流的要求。
三、敷设方式
1、电缆桥架结构形式不明确电缆桥架是统称，按结构形式分为电缆梯架、无孔电缆托盘、有孔电缆托盘和电缆槽盒，电缆槽盒又分为普通电缆槽盒和耐火电缆槽盒。
2、电缆桥架结构形式不合理在建筑施工图审查时常常发现有些设计人员采用电缆槽盒敷设普通配电回路电缆，这种做法是非常不妥的。
3、普通配电线路与消防配电线路在同一电缆槽盒内敷设消防配电线路有防火要求，当消防配电干线采用有机绝缘耐火电线电缆时，其敷设方式应有防火措施。
4、电源进线不满足防火要求发生火灾时，消防设备的供电及控制线路应有一定的耐火能力，以便确保建筑物内的消防设备火灾时能够可靠运行。
5、电线电缆在电缆槽盒内接头电线电缆接头处破坏了电线电缆的原有绝缘，是线路绝缘的薄弱环节。常常因接头不良、包扎绝缘受潮损坏而引起短路故障。
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