直接宾语和间接宾语和宾语补足语的区别 英语中怎样区分宾补与直接宾语和间接宾语？
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his
father
bought
him
a
bicycle.
\u6b64\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cbought
\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0chim
\u548ca
bicycle,
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bicycle,
\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0chim
\u5219\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u4e70\u5f97\u4ed6\u201d\u3002\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e70\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u53e5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a
his
father
bought
a
bicycle
for
him.
\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u53c8\u79f0\u5bbe\u8865\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u53c8\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u53ca\u540d\u8bcd\u7b49\u6765\u5145\u5f53\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
we
asked
her
to
sing
a
song.
i
saw
him
stealing
into
the
house.
they
found
the
boy
in
the
street.
they
made
him
captain.
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2dto
sing
a
song\uff0cstealing
into
the
house\uff0cin
the
street\uff0ccaptain\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8865\u3002
i
found
it
hard
to
learn
english
well...
it
\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed
to
learn
english
well\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed
hard\u662f\u5bbe\u8865
1\u3001\u5bbe\u8865\u5373\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u8ddf\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u8d77\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7528\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e92\u6362\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
give me the book \u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e3a\u201cme\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e3a\u201cthe book\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u7528\u4f5c\u201cgive\u201d\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed,\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4give the book to me.
teach him a lesson \u95f4\u63a5\u201chim\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u201ca lesson\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u201cteach\u201d\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bf4teach a lesson to him.
2\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6307\u7528\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u5219\u6307\u7269\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u6362\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
give me the book to return it to the library \u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u201cto return it to the library\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u4e66\u7ed9\u6211,\u6211\u8981\u62ff\u53bb\u8fd8\u7ed9\u56fe\u4e66\u9986.\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6211\u8981\u62ff\u53bb\u8fd8\u7ed9\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u201c\u628a\u4e66\u7ed9\u6211\u201d\u7684\u7406\u7531.
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u4e00\u822c\u53e5\u578b"\u590d\u5408\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd+\u5bbe\u8bed+\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed"\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5f88\u5e7f\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u7528\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u80fd\u5e26\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709make,keep,find.think,name,call,hear,seem,leave\u7b49\u3002
\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a
1\u3001\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
She found him a very clever boy.
2\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
3\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u526f\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.
4.\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
5\u3001 \u6298\u53e0\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.\u3001
6.\u6298\u53e0\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.
7\u3001\u6298\u53e0\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u5bbe\u8865
(1)\u3001to do
The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.
ask tell beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade
(2) \u3001\u7701\u7565 to \u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f
We saw the car stop.
I made him change his mind
\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001:
The car was seen to stop.
He was made to change his mind.
一、直接宾语和间接宾语。
英语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人或物(多指人)。具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb)，常用的有answer，bring，buy，deny，do，fetch，find，get，give，hand，keep，leave，lend，make，offer，owe，pass，pay，play，promise，read，refuse，save，sell，send，show，sing，take，teach，tell，throw，wish，write等。间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：
He never made me such excuses. 他从未向我表示过这种歉意。
I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。
She made her son a scarf. 她为她的儿子做了一条领巾。
由于种种原因，间接宾语亦可置于直接宾语之后，但其前一般须用介词to或for。如：
I gave my address to him. 我把我的地址给了他。(强调间接宾语him)
He threw the ball to me, not to Tom. 他将球扔给了我，没有扔给汤姆。(强调me和Tom，并使二者形成对照)
I have found a place for Bob, who is my brother. 我给鲍勃找到了一个职位，他是我的兄弟。(间接宾语Bob后有修饰语)
如直接宾语都是代词，间接宾语亦应放在直接宾语之后。如：
Give it to me. 把它给我。
Why didn’t you show it to him? 你为什么没有将它给他看?
如果直接宾语是一从句，间接宾语亦必须放在直接宾语之前。如：
I wrote him that he should come at once. 我写信叫他马上来。
二、宾语补语。
补足宾语的意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement)。
宾语补语一般皆置于宾语之后。如：
John wears his hair very long. 约翰留着很长的头发。
She has her hands black. 她把手弄黑了。(如说black hands，则意谓她手的肤色是黑的)
可以用作宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如：
They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐。
She boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。
I found the book very interesting. 我发现这本书很有趣。
The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽了一下。
Tom is ill. Let’s go and see him. 汤姆病了，我们去看看吧。
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我把这个叫做拆东干墙补西墙。
I have guests coming. 我有客人要来。
Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗？
I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切情况都很好。
间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，两者都作为某个动词的宾语，因此位置可以互换。如：
give me the book 间接宾语为“me”,直接宾语为“the book”，都用作“give”的宾语，也可说give the book to me
teach him a lesson 间接“him”，直接“a lesson”，用作“teach”的宾语,也可说teach a lesson to him
宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分，但不用作宾语，位置不能抽换。还是用回刚才的例子：
give me the book to return it to the library 补充说明的部分是哪些呢？对了，就是“to return it to the library”：“把书给我，我要拿去还给图书馆。”“我要拿去还给图书馆”就是补充说明为什么要“把书给我”的理由。
teach him a lesson to shut him up中的“to shut him up”也是补足成分：好好教训他一顿，让他住嘴。
间接宾语指用作宾语的是人，直接宾语则指物，宾语补足语就是跟在宾语后面起补充说明的成分。
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