NH3+CH3CH2CH2Cl→CH3CH2CH2NH2属于SN2反应,为什么溶剂极性有利于反应?
\u521b\u4e1a\u8fdb\u8d27\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\u54ea\u91cc\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c?\u539f\u5382\u6279\u53d1\u4ef7\uff0c\u65e0\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546 反应速率只与卤代烷的浓度成正比,而与碱的浓度无关.反应速率对[（CH3）因此,在SN2历程中增加溶剂的极性一般对反应不利.极性小的溶剂对SN2有利.绛旓細CH2=CH2鐢变簬鍙岄敭鐩告瘮涓夐敭鏉ヨ鐢靛瓙浜戝瘑搴﹁鐤忔澗浜涳紝鍥犺屼娇C-H閿瀬鎬у皬浜涳紝閰告у噺寮憋紱CH3CH3涔熸槸鍩轰簬鍚屾牱鐨勭悊鐢 NH3鏄⒈鎬х殑 CH3OH鐨勯吀鎬т綋鐜板湪-OH鐨凥涓婏紝鐢变簬O鏄竴涓數璐熸у緢澶х殑鍏冪礌锛屼娇寰桹-H閿殑鏋佹у緢寮猴紝鍛堢幇閰告
绛旓細鈥滄皑鈥濈敤浜庢棤鏈烘皑绫诲寲鍚堢墿锛屼緥濡NH3 姘紝姘ㄦ按銆佹皑姘旓紝绛夆滆兒鈥濇寚鏈夋満鑳虹被锛屼緥濡傦細CH3CH2NH2涔欒兒銆丆6H5NH2鑻兒銆(CH3)3N涓夌敳鑳猴紝绛夌瓑锛岃繖閲孨鍘熷瓙瑕佷笌鐑冨熀鐩歌繛锛涒滈摰鈥濈敤浜庡閾电洂鎴栧閾电⒈锛孨鍘熷瓙姝ゆ椂杩炴帴4涓師瀛愭垨鍩哄洟锛涗緥濡侼H4Cl姘寲閾点(CH3)3NCH2CH3 OH 姘㈡哀鍖栦笁鐢插熀涔欏熀閾碉紝绛夌瓑銆傚閾垫绂诲瓙...
绛旓細渚嬪鐭．绱燵(CH3)3NCH2CH2Cl] Cl鏄竴绉嶆鐗╃敓闀胯皟鑺傚墏锛屾隘鍖栬媱鍩轰笁涔欏熀閾靛拰纭吀姘㈠洓涓佸熀閾甸兘鏄紭鑹殑鐩歌浆绉诲偓鍖栧墏銆傚湪鐩歌浆绉诲偓鍖栧弽搴斾腑锛屽洓绾ч摰鐩愬彲涓庢按鐩镐腑鐨勪翰鏍歌瘯鍓傜粍鎴愮瀛愬锛岃繘鍏ユ湁鏈虹浉锛屼粠鑰屽姞蹇弽搴旈熺巼锛屽噺灏戝壇鍙嶅簲骞舵彁楂樻敹鐜囥傗憿銆姘鍒嗗瓙涓殑涓涓垨澶氫釜姘㈠師瀛愯鐑冨熀鍙栦唬鍚庣殑浜х墿锛岀О涓鸿兒銆
绛旓細CH3CH2CH2Br+NH3=CH3CH2CH2-NH2+HBr
绛旓細姘ㄥ叿鏈夋瘮閱囧拰姘存洿寮虹殑浜叉牳鎬э紝鍏跺瀵圭數瀛愬鎬ц川杈冨ソ銆傚崵鐑峰拰杩囬噺鐨勬皑浣滅敤鍙埗寰椾集鑳猴細CH3CH2Cl+NH3 鈫 CH3CH2NH2-HCl 鈥擭H3鈫 CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Cl 澶囨敞CH3CH2NH2-HBr 浠ョ洂鐨勫舰寮忓瓨鍦紝 鈥昇H3鈫掕〃绀哄啀鍜孨H3鍙嶅簲锛屾鍙嶅簲涓哄彇浠ｅ弽搴斻傘2浣嶈兒鍩轰竵鑳恒戞槸鎸嘋H3CHNH2CH3鍚楋紵濡傛灉鏄殑璇濇寜涓婇潰...
绛旓細CH3CH2CH2CH2CN+2H2O=CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH+NH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH+H2=CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3+O2 4 CH3CH2CH2CH2OH=CH3CH2CH=CH2+H2O CH3CH2CH=CH2+O2=CH3CH2CHO+HCHO CH3CH2CHO+H2=CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH+HCL=CH3CH2CH2CL+H2O CH3CH2CH2CL+MG=CH3CH2CH2MGCL CH3CH2CHO+CH3CH2CH2MGCL=CH3CH2CH(...
绛旓細CH3CH2NH2+HCl 鈫 [CH3CH2NH3]Cl [CH3CH2NH3]Cl鏄瀛愬寲鍚堢墿銆
绛旓細璇ュ弽搴旀槸鍗や唬鐑冪殑鑳鸿В 鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚姝ｄ笝鑳CH3CH2CH2 NH2 鍜孒Br 鑻ユ槸鍗や唬鐑冭繃閲忓垯鐢熸垚涓変竵鑳
绛旓細涓欓啗鍜屾隘姘斿弽搴旂殑鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忥細CH3CH=CH2+Cl2==CH3CHClCH2Cl銆侰6H6 + Cl2 ---> C6H5Cl + HCl銆CH3CH2CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH ---> CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O銆侰H2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 ---> CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O銆侰6H5OH + Na2CO3 ---> C6H5ONa + NaH...
绛旓細CH3CH2CH2C鈮H + [Ag(NH3)2]+ = NH3 + NH4+ + CH3CH2CH2C鈮-Ag鈫 1-鎴婄倲鍜屼竴浠烽摐鐨勯厤鍚堢墿鍙嶅簲锛岀敓鎴愮孩鑹茬殑鐐斿寲浜氶摐锛欳H3CH2CH2C鈮H + [Cu(NH3)2]+ = NH3 + NH4+ + CH3CH2CH2C鈮-Cu鈫 鐜垔鐑笉鑳藉彂鐢熻繖涓や釜鍙嶅簲銆傝繖鏄疪C鈮H鍨嬬倲鐑冪壒鏈夌殑鍙嶅簲銆
