中风的辨证施治 中风分那些类型？如何辨证论治？
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1.肝阳暴亢、风火上扰
证候：半身不遂、口舌歪斜，舌强语蹇或不语，偏身麻木，眩晕头痛，面红目赤，口苦咽干，心烦易怒，尿赤便干，舌质红或红绛，舌苔薄黄，脉弦有力。治则：镇肝熄风、滋阴潜阳。主方：镇肝熄风汤加减。方药：怀牛膝、代赭石、龙骨、牡蛎、白芍、玄参、龟板、天冬、茵陈、川楝子、生麦芽、甘草。
如肝阳上亢甚者加天麻、钩藤以增强平肝熄风之力；心烦甚者加栀子、黄芩以清热除烦；头痛较重者加羚羊角、石决明、夏枯草以清熄风阳；痰热较重者，加胆星、竹沥、川贝母以清化痰热。
2.风痰瘀血、痹阻脉络
证候：半身不遂，口舌歪斜，舌强言蹇或不语，偏身麻木，头晕目眩、舌质暗淡，舌苔薄白或白腻，脉弦滑。治则：祛风、养血、活血、化痰通络。主方：大秦艽汤加减。方药：秦艽、羌活、独活、防风、当归、白芍、熟地、川芎、白术、茯苓、黄芩、石膏、生地。
如年老体衰者，加黄芪以益气扶正。如呕逆痰盛、苔腻脉滑甚者，去地黄，加半夏、南星、白附子、全蝎等祛风痰，通经络。无内热者可去石膏、黄芩。
3.痰热腑实、风痰上扰
证候：半身不遂，口舌歪斜，舌强言蹇或不语，偏身麻木，腹胀，便干便秘，头晕目眩，咳痰痰或痰多，舌质暗红或暗淡，苔黄或黄腻，脉弦滑或偏瘫侧弦滑而大。治则：化痰通腑。主方：星蒌承气汤《验方》加减。方药：胆南星、全瓜蒌、生大黄、芒硝。
如药后大便通畅，则腑气通，痰热减，病情有一定程度好转。本方使用硝黄剂量应视病情及体质而定，一般控制在10～15克左右，以大便通泻、涤除痰热积滞为度，不可过量，以免伤正。腑气通后应予清化痰热、活血通络药，如胆南星、全瓜蒌、丹参、赤芍、鸡血藤。如头晕重，可加钩藤、菊花、珍珠母。若舌质红而烦躁不安，彻夜不眠者，属痰热内蕴而兼阴虚，可选加鲜生地、沙参、麦冬、玄参、茯苓，夜交藤等育阳安神之品，但不宜过多，否则有碍于涤除痰热。
4.气虚血瘀
证候：半身不遂，口舌歪斜，言语蹇涩或不语，偏身麻木，面色既白，气短乏力，口流涎，自汗出，心悸便溏，手足肿胀，舌质暗淡，舌苔薄白或白腻，脉沉细，细缓或细弦。治则：益气活血。主方：补阳还五汤加减。方药：生黄芪、当归尾、川芎、赤芍、桃仁、红花、地龙。
如半身不遂较重加桑枝、穿山甲、水蛭等药加重活血通络、祛瘀生新作用；言语不利甚者加菖蒲、远志以化痰开窍；手足肿胀明显者加茯苓、泽泻、薏仁、防已等淡渗利湿；大便溏甚者去桃仁加炒白术、山药以健脾。
5.阴虚风动
证候：半身不遂，口舌歪斜，舌强言蹇或不语，偏身麻木，烦躁失眠，眩晕耳鸣，手足心热，舌质红绛或暗红，少苔或无苔，脉细弦或细弦数。治则：滋阴熄风。主方：大定风珠加减。方药：鸡子黄、阿胶、地黄、麦冬、白芍、龟板、鳖甲、五味子、炙甘草。
如偏瘫较重者可加牛膝、木瓜、地龙、蜈蚣、桑枝等通经活络之品；如舌质暗红、脉涩等有血瘀证时加丹参、鸡血藤、桃仁、地鳖等以活血祛瘀；语言不利甚者加菖蒲、郁金、远志开音利窍。
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