单片机的51单片机的结构与功能 AT89C51单片机的结构原理与引脚功能
51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fdT89C2051\u662f\u7cbe\u7b80\u7248\u768451\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u7cbe\u7b80\u6389\u4e86P0\u53e3\u548cP2\u53e3\uff0c\u53ea\u670920\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u7cbe\u7b80\u768451\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u5168\u90e832\u4e2aI/O\u53e3\uff0c\u7528AT89C2051\u66f4\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u4f53\u79ef\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14AT89C2051\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u6700\u4f4e\u4e3a2.7V\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u4e24\u82825\u53f7\u7535\u6c60\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u672c\u6587\u4ee5ATMEL\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u768451\u7cfb\u5217\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684AT89S51\u548cAT89C2051\u4e24\u79cd\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6765\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u5355\u7247\u673a\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dAT89S51\u4e3a\u6807\u51c651\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u65e9\u671f\u768451\u5355\u7247\u673a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u652f\u6301ISP\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u786c\u4ef6\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\u4e00\u3001AT89S51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f15\u811a\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u3000\u3000AT89S51\u6709PDIP\u3001PLCC\u3001TQFP\u4e09\u79cd\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u752840Pin\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u53cc\u5217\u76f4\u63a5PDIP\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c\u5916\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0b\u56fe\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u82af\u7247\u5171\u670940\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ece\u9760\u82af\u7247\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff08\u89c1\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\u5de6\u8fb9\u90a3\u5217\u5f15\u811a\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u6570\u8d77\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a1\u30012\u30013\u30014\u3002\u3002\u300240\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u82af\u7247\u76841\u811a\u9876\u4e0a\u6709\u4e2a\u51f9\u70b9\uff08\u89c1\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u768440\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a2\u6839\uff0c\u5916\u63a5\u6676\u4f53\u632f\u8361\u5668\u5f15\u811a2\u6839\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a4\u6839\u4ee5\u53ca4\u7ec48\u4f4d\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u5f15\u811a32\u6839\u3002
1\u3001\u4e3b\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a\uff082\u6839\uff09
VCC(Pin40)\uff1a\u7535\u6e90\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u63a5\uff0b5V\u7535\u6e90
GND(Pin20)\uff1a\u63a5\u5730\u7ebf
2\u3001\u5916\u63a5\u6676\u632f\u5f15\u811a\uff082\u6839\uff09
XTAL1(Pin19)\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7aef
XTAL2(Pin20)\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef
3\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a\uff084\u6839\uff09
RST/VPP(Pin9)\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u5f15\u811a\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b02\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u5c06\u4f7f\u5355\u7247\u673a\u590d\u4f4d\u3002
ALE/PROG(Pin30)\uff1a\u5730\u5740\u9501\u5b58\u5141\u8bb8\u4fe1\u53f7
PSEN(Pin29)\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u9009\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7
EA/VPP(Pin31)\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5916\u90e8\u9009\u901a\uff0c\u63a5\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u5219\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\u82af\u7247\u5b9e\u7269\u56fe\u7247 \u82af\u7247\u5f15\u811a\u529f\u80fd
4\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8f93\u5165/\u8f93\u51fa\u5f15\u811a\uff0832\u6839\uff09
\u3000 AT89S51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u67094\u7ec48\u4f4d\u7684\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u53e3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4f4dP0\u3001P1\u3001P2\u3001P3\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e3\u67098\u4f4d\uff088\u6839\u5f15\u811a\uff09\uff0c\u517132\u6839\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6839\u5f15\u811a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u706f\u3001\u9713\u8679\u706f\u7b49\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f15\u811a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c3d\u60c5\u53d1\u6325\u4f60\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u5427\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff1a\uff09 \u5f3a\u5927\u65e0\u6bd4\u3002\u3002\u3002
\u3000 PO\u53e3\uff08Pin39\uff5ePin32\uff09\uff1a8\u4f4d\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aP0.0\uff5eP0.7
\u3000 P1\u53e3\uff08Pin1\uff5ePin8\uff09\uff1a8\u4f4d\u51c6\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aP1.0\uff5eP1.7
\u3000 P2\u53e3\uff08Pin21\uff5ePin28\uff09\uff1a8\u4f4d\u51c6\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aP2.0\uff5eP2.7
\u3000 P3\u53e3\uff08Pin10\uff5ePin17\uff09\uff1a8\u4f4d\u51c6\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3aP3.0\uff5eP3.7
\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u9762\u5c31\u662fAT89S51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5176\u5b8351\u7cfb\u5217\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a8031\u30018051\u300189C51\u7b49\u5f15\u811a\u548c89S51\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u5f15\u811a\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\u4e8c\u3001AT89C2051\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f15\u811a\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u3000\u3000AT89C2051\u4e3a20\u5f15\u811a\u5c0f\u578b\u5c01\u88c5\uff0c2K\u5185\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c15\u4e2a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709P0\u53e3\u548cP2\u53e3\u768416\u6839I/O\u7ebf\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u3002AT89C2051\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u6392\u5217\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\u3002
\u82af\u7247\u5b9e\u7269\u56fe\u7247 \u82af\u7247\u5f15\u811a\u529f\u80fd
\u3000\u3000
\u82af\u7247\u5171\u670920\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u5f15\u811a\u7684\u6392\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\u4ece\u9760\u82af\u7247\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\u5de6\u8fb9\u90a3\u5217\u5f15\u811a\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u6570\u8d77\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a1\u30012\u30013\u3002\u3002\u300220\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u768420\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a2\u6839\uff0c\u5916\u63a5\u6676\u4f53\u632f\u8361\u5668\u5f15\u811a2\u6839\uff0c\u590d\u4f4d\u5f15\u811a1\u6839\u4ee5\u53caP1\u3001P3\u53e3\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u5f15\u811a15\u6839\u3002
1\u3001\u4e3b\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a\uff082\u6839\uff09
VCC(Pin20)\uff1a\u7535\u6e90\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u63a5\uff0b5V\u7535\u6e90
GND(Pin10)\uff1a\u63a5\u5730\u7ebf
2\u3001\u5916\u63a5\u6676\u632f\u5f15\u811a\uff082\u6839\uff09
XTAL1(Pin5)\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7aef
XTAL2(Pin4)\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef
3\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u811a\uff081\u6839\uff09
RST/VPP(Pin1)\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u5f15\u811a\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b02\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u5c06\u4f7f\u5355\u7247\u673a\u590d\u4f4d\u3002
4\u3001\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8f93\u5165/\u8f93\u51fa\u5f15\u811a\uff0815\u6839\uff09
P1\u53e3\uff1a 8\u4f4d\u51c6\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0cP1.0\uff5eP1.7 \uff0c\u51718\u6839
P3\u53e3\uff1a 8\u4f4d\u51c6\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0cP3.0\uff5eP3.5\u3001P3.7\uff0c\u51717\u6839
\u3000\u3000\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u6807\u51c651\u5355\u7247\u673a\u670932\u6839\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c89C2051\u7cbe\u7b80\u6389P0\u3001P2\u53e316\u6839I/O\u7ebf\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd8\u670916\u6839I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u670915\u6839\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u8dd1\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\uff01\u524d\u9762\u8bb2\u5230AT89C2051\u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u628a\u53e6\u4e00\u6839\u5f15\u7ebf\u5360\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u5360\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aI/O\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662fP3.6\u53e3\uff0c\u5f15\u811aP3.6\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c11\u4e00\u6839I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0cP3.6\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u8bfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c61\u5176\u5b83I/O\u53e3\u4e00\u6837\u7528\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u793a\u706f\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u5f88\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u53bb\u5916\u52a0\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u56fe\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002
\u4e09\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u6027\u80fd\u53c2\u6570\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u3000\u3000AT89S51
\u00b7\u4e0eMCS-51\u4ea7\u54c1\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9
\u00b74k\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08ISP\uff09Flash\u95ea\u901f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668
\u00b71000\u6b21\u64e6\u5199\u5468\u671f
\u00b74.0\uff0d5.5V\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4
\u00b7\u5168\u9759\u6001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a0Hz\uff0d33MHz
\u00b7\u4e09\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u5bc6\u9501
\u00b7128\u00d78\u5b57\u8282\u5185\u90e8RAM
\u00b732\u4e2a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI\uff0fO\u53e3\u7ebf
\u00b72\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668
\u00b76\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90
\u00b7\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4e32\u884cUART\u901a\u9053
\u00b7\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7a7a\u95f2\u548c\u6389\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f
\u00b7\u4e2d\u65ad\u53ef\u4ece\u7a7a\u95f2\u6a21\u5524\u9192\u7cfb\u7edf
\u00b7\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\uff08WDT\uff09\u53ca\u53cc\u6570\u636e\u6307\u9488
\u00b7\u6389\u7535\u6807\u8bc6\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u7f16\u7a0b\u7279\u6027
\u00b7\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08ISP\u5b57\u8282\u6216\u9875\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09
\u3000\u3000AT89C2051
\u00b7\u4e0eMCS-51\u4ea7\u54c1\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9
\u00b72k\u5b57\u8282\u53ef\u91cd\u64e6\u5199\u95ea\u901f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668
\u00b71000\u6b21\u64e6\u5199\u5468\u671f
\u00b72.7V\uff0d6V\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b\u8303\u56f4
\u00b7\u5168\u9759\u6001\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a0Hz\uff0d24MHz
\u00b7\u4e24\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668
\u00b7128\u00d78\u5b57\u8282\u5185\u90e8RAM
\u00b715\u4e2a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI\uff0fO\u53e3\u7ebf
\u00b72\u4e2al6\u4f4d\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668
\u00b76\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90
\u00b7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e32\u884cUART\u901a\u9053
\u00b7\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u9a71\u52a8LED\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3
\u00b7\u5185\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668
\u00b7\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7a7a\u95f2\u548c\u6389\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f
AT89C51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e264K\u5b57\u8282\u95ea\u70c1\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u64e6\u9664\u53ea\u8bfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff08FPEROM\u2014Falsh Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory\uff09\u7684\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fdCMOS8\u4f4d\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u5355\u7247\u673a\u3002AT89C2051\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e262K\u5b57\u8282\u95ea\u70c1\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u64e6\u9664\u53ea\u8bfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u3002\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u53ef\u64e6\u9664\u53ea\u8bfb\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u64e6\u9664100\u6b21\u3002\u8be5\u5668\u4ef6\u91c7\u7528ATMEL\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u975e\u6613\u5931\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u7684MCS-51\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ba1\u811a\u76f8\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c06\u591a\u529f\u80fd8\u4f4dCPU\u548c\u95ea\u70c1\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\uff0cATMEL\u7684AT89C51\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0cAT89C2051\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u7b80\u7248\u672c\u3002AT89C\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\u4e14\u4ef7\u5ec9\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5916\u5f62\u53ca\u5f15\u811a\u6392\u5217\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a
\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027\uff1a
\u00b7\u4e0eMCS-51 \u517c\u5bb9
\u00b74K\u5b57\u8282\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u95ea\u70c1\u5b58\u50a8\u5668
\u00b7\u5bff\u547d\uff1a1000\u5199/\u64e6\u5faa\u73af
\u00b7\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a10\u5e74
\u00b7\u5168\u9759\u6001\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a0Hz-24MHz
\u00b7\u4e09\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u9501\u5b9a
\u00b7128\u00d78\u4f4d\u5185\u90e8RAM
\u00b732\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0bI/O\u7ebf
\u00b7\u4e24\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668/\u8ba1\u6570\u5668
\u00b75\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90
\u00b7\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e32\u884c\u901a\u9053
\u00b7\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u95f2\u7f6e\u548c\u6389\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f
\u00b7\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u5668\u548c\u65f6\u949f\u7535\u8def
\u7ba1\u811a\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
VCC\uff1a\u4f9b\u7535\u7535\u538b\u3002
GND\uff1a\u63a5\u5730\u3002
P0\u53e3\uff1aP0\u53e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u6f0f\u7ea7\u5f00\u8def\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u811a\u53ef\u5438\u65368TTL\u95e8\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u5f53P1\u53e3\u7684\u7ba1\u811a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51991\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u9ad8\u963b\u8f93\u5165\u3002P0\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6570\u636e/\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d\u3002\u5728FIASH\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0cP0 \u53e3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u5f53FIASH\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0cP0\u8f93\u51fa\u539f\u7801\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6P0\u5916\u90e8\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u62c9\u9ad8\u3002
P1\u53e3\uff1aP1\u53e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a\u62c9\u7535\u963b\u76848\u4f4d\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\uff0cP1\u53e3\u7f13\u51b2\u5668\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u51fa4TTL\u95e8\u7535\u6d41\u3002P1\u53e3\u7ba1\u811a\u5199\u51651\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\uff0cP1\u53e3\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u4e0b\u62c9\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u5728FLASH\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0cP1\u53e3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u516b\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u63a5\u6536\u3002
P2\u53e3\uff1aP2\u53e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u7535\u963b\u76848\u4f4d\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\uff0cP2\u53e3\u7f13\u51b2\u5668\u53ef\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa4\u4e2aTTL\u95e8\u7535\u6d41\uff0c\u5f53P2\u53e3\u88ab\u5199\u201c1\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u7ba1\u811a\u88ab\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u7535\u963b\u62c9\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0cP2\u53e3\u7684\u7ba1\u811a\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u62c9\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002P2\u53e3\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u621616\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u53d6\u65f6\uff0cP2\u53e3\u8f93\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9ad8\u516b\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u201c1\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u516b\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u65f6\uff0cP2\u53e3\u8f93\u51fa\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002P2\u53e3\u5728FLASH\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u9ad8\u516b\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002
P3\u53e3\uff1aP3\u53e3\u7ba1\u811a\u662f8\u4e2a\u5e26\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u7535\u963b\u7684\u53cc\u5411I/O\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u63a5\u6536\u8f93\u51fa4\u4e2aTTL\u95e8\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u5f53P3\u53e3\u5199\u5165\u201c1\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u5185\u90e8\u4e0a\u62c9\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u4e0b\u62c9\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\uff0cP3\u53e3\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u6d41\uff08ILL\uff09\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u62c9\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002
P3\u53e3\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3aAT89C51\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u53e3\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\u6240\u793a\uff1a
\u53e3\u7ba1\u811a \u5907\u9009\u529f\u80fd
P3.0 RXD\uff08\u4e32\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u53e3\uff09
P3.1 TXD\uff08\u4e32\u884c\u8f93\u51fa\u53e3\uff09
P3.2 /INT0\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u4e2d\u65ad0\uff09
P3.3 /INT1\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u4e2d\u65ad1\uff09
P3.4 T0\uff08\u8bb0\u65f6\u56680\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\uff09
P3.5 T1\uff08\u8bb0\u65f6\u56681\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\uff09
P3.6 /WR\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5199\u9009\u901a\uff09
P3.7 /RD\uff08\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bfb\u9009\u901a\uff09
P3\u53e3\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u95ea\u70c1\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6821\u9a8c\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002
RST\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5f53\u632f\u8361\u5668\u590d\u4f4d\u5668\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u4fdd\u6301RST\u811a\u4e24\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u7684\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
ALE/PROG\uff1a\u5f53\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u9501\u5b58\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7535\u5e73\u7528\u4e8e\u9501\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5728FLASH\u7f16\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b64\u5f15\u811a\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7f16\u7a0b\u8109\u51b2\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u65f6\uff0cALE\u7aef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5468\u671f\u8f93\u51fa\u6b63\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6b64\u9891\u7387\u4e3a\u632f\u8361\u5668\u9891\u7387\u76841/6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u65f6\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u5f53\u7528\u4f5c\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aALE\u8109\u51b2\u3002\u5982\u60f3\u7981\u6b62ALE\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u5728SFR8EH\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u7f6e0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c ALE\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6267\u884cMOVX\uff0cMOVC\u6307\u4ee4\u662fALE\u624d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u5f15\u811a\u88ab\u7565\u5fae\u62c9\u9ad8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001ALE\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u7f6e\u4f4d\u65e0\u6548\u3002
/PSEN\uff1a\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u9009\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5728\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u53d6\u6307\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u4e24\u6b21/PSEN\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u6709\u6548\u7684/PSEN\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c06\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002
/EA/VPP\uff1a\u5f53/EA\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff080000H-FFFFH\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5185\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u5f0f1\u65f6\uff0c/EA\u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u9501\u5b9a\u4e3aRESET\uff1b\u5f53/EA\u7aef\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u95f4\u5185\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3002\u5728FLASH\u7f16\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b64\u5f15\u811a\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u65bd\u52a012V\u7f16\u7a0b\u7535\u6e90\uff08VPP\uff09\u3002
XTAL1\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u632f\u8361\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u65f6\u949f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002
XTAL2\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u53cd\u5411\u632f\u8361\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002
\u632f\u8361\u5668\u7279\u6027:
XTAL1\u548cXTAL2\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u53cd\u5411\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8be5\u53cd\u5411\u653e\u5927\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u5668\u3002\u77f3\u6676\u632f\u8361\u548c\u9676\u74f7\u632f\u8361\u5747\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u5982\u91c7\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u65f6\u949f\u6e90\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u4ef6\uff0cXTAL2\u5e94\u4e0d\u63a5\u3002\u6709\u4f59\u8f93\u5165\u81f3\u5185\u90e8\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5206\u9891\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u8109\u5bbd\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u3002
基本功能：
1.8位数据总线，16位地址总线的CPU；
2.具有布尔处理能力和位处理能力；
3.采用哈佛结构，程序存储器与数据存储器地址空间各自独立，便于程序设计；
4.相同地址的64KB程序存储器和64KB数据存储器；
5.0-8KB片内程序存储器(8031无，8051有4KB，8052有8KB，89C55有20KB)；
6.128字节片内数据存储器（8051有256字节）；
7.32根双向并可以按位寻址的I/O线；
8.两个16位定时/计数器(8052有3个)；
9.一个全双工的串行I/O接口；
10.多个中断源的中断结构，具有两个中断优先级；
11.片内时钟振荡器 。
特点：
1.以微处理器（CPU）为核心；
2.CPU与其他部件间通过三总线连接。
总线: 指能为多个部件服务的信息传送线 。
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绛旓細11锛変腑鏂郴缁熸湁5涓腑鏂簮锛屽彲缂栫▼涓轰袱涓紭鍏堢骇銆12锛111鏉℃寚浠わ紝鍚箻娉曟寚浠ゅ拰闄ゆ硶鎸囦护銆13锛夋湁寮虹殑浣嶅鍧銆佷綅澶勭悊鑳藉姏銆14锛夌墖鍐呴噰鐢ㄥ崟鎬荤嚎缁撴瀯銆15锛夌敤鍗曚竴+5V鐢垫簮銆52瀛愮郴鍒鍗曠墖鏈锛氱墖鍐呮暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ櫒澧炶嚦256涓妭锛涚墖鍐呯▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒澧炶嚦8KB锛8032鏃狅級锛涙湁3涓16浣嶅畾鏃跺櫒/璁℃暟鍣紱...
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绛旓細51鍗曠墖鏈锛堥氬父鎸囩殑鏄熀浜嶪ntel MCS-51鏋舵瀯鐨勫井鎺у埗鍣級鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ櫒缁撴瀯涓昏鍙互鍒嗕负浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜閮ㄥ垎锛氱墖鍐呯▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒锛- 杩欓氬父鏄4KB鐨凢lash鎴朎PROM瀛樺偍鍣紝鐢ㄤ簬瀛樺偍鐢ㄦ埛绋嬪簭浠ｇ爜銆傚湪涓浜涙病鏈夊唴缃▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐨勫彉绉嶏紙濡8031锛夛紝杩欓儴鍒嗗瓨鍌ㄥ櫒闇瑕侀氳繃澶栭儴鎵╁睍銆2. 鐗囧绋嬪簭瀛樺偍鍣細- 鍙互閫氳繃澶栭儴鎬荤嚎鎵╁睍鑷虫渶...
