2. HCl, Cl2, CH3CH3,分别指出它们都含有哪些共价键？ 高一化学必修二反应热知识汇总
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CnH2n+2+(3n+1)/2O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
e\u3001\u547d\u540d(\u4e60\u60ef\u547d\u540d\u6cd5)\uff1a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u572810\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u3001\u4e01\u3001\u620a\u3001\u5df1\u3001\u5e9a\u3001\u8f9b\u3001\u58ec\u3001\u7678\u547d\u540d
\u2463\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61
\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53
\u5982C4H10\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff1aCH3CH2CH2CH3(\u6b63\u4e01\u70f7)\uff0cCH3CHCH3(\u5f02\u4e01\u70f7)
\u7532\u70f7 \u4e59\u70ef \u82ef
\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f CH4 C2H4 C6H6
\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f
\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42
\u7ed3\u6784
\u7b80\u5f0f CH4
CH2=CH2 \u6216
\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f
\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42
\u7a7a\u95f4
\u7ed3\u6784 \u6b63\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784 \u5e73\u9762\u578b \u5e73\u9762\u578b(\u65e0\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u65e0\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5355\u3001\u53cc\u952e\u95f4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5927\u220f\u952e)
\u7269\u7406
\u6027\u8d28 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u5c0f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u3001\u6cbc\u6c14\u3001\u6cb9\u7530\u6c14\u3001\u7164\u9053\u5751\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u7a0d\u6709\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7565\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9999\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u5c0f\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2
\u5316\u5b66
\u6027\u8d28 \u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O
\u2461\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl+HCl
\u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u892a\u8272
b\uff0eC2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O
\u2461\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH2=CH2+Br2
\u2462\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
nCH2=CH2 \u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014
\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\uff0c\u5851\u6599\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269 \u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u892a\u8272
b\uff0e2C6H6+15O2 12CO2+6H2O
\u2461\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u4e0e\u6db2\u6eb4\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+Br2 +HBr
b\uff0e\u4e0e\u785d\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+HO-NO2 +H2O
\u2462\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+3H2 (\u73af\u5df1\u70f7)
\u7528\u9014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u5236\u5907\u6c2f\u4eff(CH3Cl\uff0c\u9ebb\u9189\u5242)\u3001\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u78b3\u3001\u70ad\u9ed1\u7b49 \u77f3\u5316\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u6599\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6c34\u679c\u50ac\u719f\u5242\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u8c03\u8282\u5242\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u5851\u6599\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7b49 \u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599
\u6ce8\uff1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u6709\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0b \u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e(\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u4e09\u952e)\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u53ea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e0b
\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\u2014\u2014\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u70c3\u79f0\u4e3a\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\u3002\u82ef\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u70c3(\u6613\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u96be\u52a0\u6210)\u3002
25\u3001\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269
\u2460\u4e59\u9187\uff1a
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u548c\u6c34\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4e92\u6eb6\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6eb6\u5242
b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C2H6O\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u2014\u2014CH3CH2OH\u6216C2H5OH\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u7f9f\u57fa\uff0c\u2014OH
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u4e0e\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e(Na)\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
2CH3CH2OH+2Na 2CH3CH2ONa+H2\u2191
\u2171\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH+3O2 2CO2+3H2O
\u50ac\u5316\u6c27\u5316\uff1a2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
\u2172\u3001\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCH3COOH+CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
d\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u533b\u7528\u6d88\u6bd2(\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u657075%)\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u9020\u9152
\u2461\u4e59\u9178\uff1a
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\uff0c\uff0c\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u4e59\u9187\u3002\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u4e59\u9178\u79f0\u4e3a\u51b0\u918b\u9178\u3002
b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C2H4O2\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u2014\u2014CH3COOH\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u7fa7\u57fa\uff0c\u2014COOH
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u9178\u6027(\u5177\u5907\u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027)\uff1a\u6bd4\u78b3\u9178\u9178\u6027\u5f3a
2CH3COOH+Na2CO3=2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2\uff0c CH3COOH+NaOH=CH3COONa+H2O
\u2171\u3001\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94(\u7528\u9971\u548cNa2CO3\u6eb6\u6db2\u6765\u5438\u6536\uff0c3\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528)
d\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff1a\u98df\u918b\u7684\u6210\u5206(3%\u20145%)
\u2462\u916f\uff1a
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u4f4e\u7ea7\u916f\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9999\u5473\u3002
b\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u6c34\u89e3\u53cd\u5e94
\u2170\u3001\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6c34\u89e3\uff1aCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH
\u2171\u3001\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6c34\u89e3\uff1aCH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH
26\u3001\u7164\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u5929\u7136\u6c14
\u2460\u7164\uff1a\u7531\u6709\u673a\u7269\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5e72\u998f\u3001\u6c14\u5316\u548c\u6db2\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5229\u7528
\u84b8\u998f\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u6cb8\u70b9(\u76f8\u5dee\u572820\u2103\u4ee5\u4e0a)\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u7eaf\u51c0\u7269
\u5206\u998f\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7269\u8d28\u6cb8\u70b9(\u76f8\u5dee\u57285\u2103\u4ee5\u5185)\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u7269
\u5e72\u998f\uff1a\u9694\u7edd\u7a7a\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u70ed\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316
\u2461\u5929\u7136\u6c14\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u4efd\u662fCH4\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599(\u53ef\u52a0\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\u5236\u70ad\u9ed1\u548cH2)
\u2462\u77f3\u6cb9\uff1a\u591a\u79cd\u78b3\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u73af\u70f7\u70c3\u3001\u82b3\u9999\u70c3)\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u998f\u3001\u88c2\u5316\u3001\u88c2\u89e3\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u91cd\u6574\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5229\u7528
\u5206\u998f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6cb9\uff0c\u5982\u6db2\u5316\u77f3\u6cb9\u6c14\u3001\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u7164\u6cb9\u3001\u67f4\u6cb9\u3001\u91cd\u6cb9\u7b49
\u88c2\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u91cd\u6cb9\u8fdb\u884c\u88c2\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u8f7b\u8d28\u6cb9(\u6c7d\u6cb9\u3001\u7164\u6cb9\u3001\u67f4\u6cb9\u7b49)\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u70f7\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ef\u70c3\u5206\u5b50
\u88c2\u89e3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\u201c\u4e09\u70ef\u201d(\u4e59\u70ef\u3001\u4e19\u70ef\u30011\uff0c3\u2014\u4e01\u4e8c\u70ef)
\u50ac\u5316\u91cd\u6574\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5f97\u5230\u82b3\u9999\u70c3(\u82ef\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u7cfb\u7269)
27\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5
\u7269\u8d28(\u79bb\u5b50) \u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u73b0\u8c61
Cl- \u5148\u7528\u785d\u9178\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u785d\u9178\u94f6\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u785d\u9178\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0
SO42- \u5148\u52a0\u76d0\u9178\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u6c2f\u5316\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u785d\u9178\u7684\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0
CO32- \u52a0\u5165\u785d\u9178\u94a1\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u8be5\u6c89\u6dc0\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u785d\u9178(\u6216\u76d0\u9178)\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u65e0\u8272\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u80fd\u4f7f\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u53d8\u6d51\u6d4a\u7684\u6c14\u4f53(CO2)
Al3+ \u52a0\u5165NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u8272\u6c89\u6dc0\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u5165NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6c89\u6dc0\u6d88\u5931
Fe3+(\u2605) \u52a0\u5165KSCN\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7acb\u5373\u53d8\u4e3a\u8840\u7ea2\u8272
NH4+(\u2605) \u4e0eNaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u5171\u70ed\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u4f7f\u6e7f\u6da6\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u53d8\u84dd\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53(NH3)
Na+ \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u5448\u9ec4\u8272
K+ \u7130\u8272\u53cd\u5e94\u5448\u6d45\u7d2b\u8272(\u900f\u8fc7\u84dd\u8272\u94b4\u73bb\u7483)
I2 \u9047\u6dc0\u7c89\u6eb6\u6db2\u53ef\u4f7f\u6dc0\u7c89\u6eb6\u6db2\u53d8\u84dd
\u86cb\u767d\u8d28 \u707c\u70e7\uff0c\u6709\u70e7\u7126\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6c14\u5473
11\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff1a\u5bfc\u7535\u3001\u5bfc\u70ed\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u5149\u6cfd\uff0c\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9664Hg\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u6001
12\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u51b6\u70bc\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u7406\uff1a
\u2460\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982Hg\u3001Ag
\u2461\u70ed\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982Fe\u3001Sn\u3001Pb\u7b49
\u2462\u7535\u89e3\u6cd5\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u5982K\u3001Na\u3001Al\u7b49(K\u3001Ca\u3001Na\u3001Mg\u90fd\u662f\u7535\u89e3\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\uff0cAl\u662f\u7535\u89e3Al2O3)
13\u3001\u94dd\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269
\u2160\u3001\u94dd
\u2460\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u94f6\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u8f83\u8f6f\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u5bfc\u7535\u3001\u5bfc\u70ed\uff0c\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027
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a\u3001\u9178\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff1a\u53ef\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9178\u2014\u2014\u4e9a\u786b\u9178(\u4e2d\u5f3a\u9178)\uff1aSO2+H2O H2SO3
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b\u3001\u5177\u6709\u6f02\u767d\u6027\uff1a\u53ef\u4f7f\u54c1\u7ea2\u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u6f02\u767d
c\u3001\u5177\u6709\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1aSO2+Cl2+2H2O==H2SO4+2HCl
18\u3001\u786b\u9178
\u2460\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6cb9\u72b6\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5927\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c34\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4e92\u6eb6\uff0c\u6eb6\u89e3\u65f6\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed
\u2461\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u9178\u9150\u662fSO3\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u56fa\u6001
\u7269\u8d28
\u7ec4\u6210\u6027\u8d28 \u6d53\u786b\u9178 \u7a00\u786b\u9178
\u7535\u79bb\u60c5\u51b5
H2SO4==2H++SO42-
\u4e3b\u8981\u5fae\u7c92 H2SO4 H+\u3001SO42-\u3001(H2O)
\u989c\u8272\u3001\u72b6\u6001 \u65e0\u8272\u7c98\u7a20\u6cb9\u72b6\u6db2\u4f53 \u65e0\u8272\u6db2\u4f53
\u6027\u8d28 \u56db\u5927\u7279\u6027 \u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027
\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u6027
a\u3001\u5438\u6c34\u6027\uff1a\u5c06\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u593a\u53bb(\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u5e72\u71e5\u5242)
b\u3001\u8131\u6c34\u6027\uff1a\u5c06\u522b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684H\u3001O\u6309\u539f\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\u6bd42\uff1a1\u8131\u51fa\u751f\u6210\u6c34
c\u3001\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
\u2170\u3001\u51b7\u7684\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4f7fFe\u3001Al\u7b49\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u5c42\u81f4\u5bc6\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u8584\u819c\u800c\u949d\u5316
\u2171\u3001\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6027\u5728H\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e5f\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u53cd\u5e94(Pt\u3001Au\u9664\u5916)\uff1aCu+2H2SO4(\u6d53)===CuSO4+SO2\u2191+2H2O
\u2172\u3001\u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aC+2H2SO4(\u6d53\u786b\u9178)===CO2\u2191+2SO2\u2191+2H2O
\u2173\u3001\u4e0e\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fH2
d\u3001\u4e0d\u6325\u53d1\u6027\uff1a\u6d53\u786b\u9178\u4e0d\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u5236\u5907\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u9178\uff0c\u5982HCl\uff1aNaCl+H2SO4(\u6d53)==NaHSO4+HCl
\u4e09\u5927\u5f3a\u9178\u4e2d\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u785d\u9178\u662f\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u9178\uff0c\u786b\u9178\u662f\u4e0d\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u9178
\u2462\u9178\u96e8\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u9632\u6cbb
pH\u5c0f\u4e8e5.6\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u79f0\u4e3a\u9178\u96e8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96e8\u3001\u96ea\u3001\u96fe\u7b49\u964d\u6c34\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u786b\u548c\u6c2e\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u88ab\u96e8\u6c34\u5438\u6536\u800c
\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u786b\u9178\u578b\u9178\u96e8\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u53ca\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u71c3\u70e7\u3001\u542b\u786b\u91d1\u5c5e\u77ff\u77f3\u7684\u51b6\u70bc\u548c\u786b\u9178\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7b49\u4ea7
\u751f\u7684\u5e9f\u6c14\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u786b\uff1aSO2 H2SO3 H2SO4\u3002\u5728\u9632\u6cbb\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5bf9\u542b\u786b\u71c3\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u786b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\u3002
19\u3001\u6c2e\u53ca\u5176\u5316\u5408\u7269
\u2160\u3001\u6c2e\u6c14(N2)
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7565\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u7ea6\u4e3a78%
b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014N2\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014 \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u2014\u2014N\u2261N
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6c2e\u6c2e\u4e09\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\u975e\u5e38\u7262\u56fa\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f46\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u975e\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
\u2460\u4e0eH2\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aN2+3H2 2NH3
\u2461\u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aN2+O2========2NO(\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2)
2NO+O2===2NO2(\u7ea2\u68d5\u8272\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u3001\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2)
3NO2+H2O===2HNO3+NO\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6c34\u9664\u53bbNO\u4e2d\u7684NO2
\u4e24\u6761\u5173\u7cfb\u5f0f\uff1a4NO+3O2+2H2O==4HNO3\uff0c4NO2+O2+2H2O==4HNO3
\u2161\u3001\u6c28\u6c14(NH3)
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u6781\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34(1\u2236700)\uff0c\u6613\u6db2\u5316\uff0c\u6c7d\u5316\u65f6\u5438\u6536\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5236\u51b7\u5242
b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014NH3\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014 \uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u2014\u2014H\u2014N\u2014H
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
\u2460\u4e0e\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNH3+H2O NH3�6�1H2O(\u4e00\u6c34\u5408\u6c28) NH4++OH-\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c28\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u78b1\u6027
\u2461\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNH3+HCl==NH4Cl\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u4ea7\u751f\u767d\u70df
d\u3001\u6c28\u6c14\u5236\u5907\uff1a\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u94f5\u76d0\u548c\u78b1\u5171\u70ed\u4ea7\u751f\u6c28\u6c14
\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2===2NH3\u2191+2H2O+CaCl2
\u88c5\u7f6e\uff1a\u548c\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u5236\u5907\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e00\u6837
\u6536\u96c6\uff1a\u5411\u4e0b\u6392\u7a7a\u6c14\u6cd5(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6392\u6c34\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c28\u6c14\u6781\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34)
(\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6536\u96c6\u8bd5\u7ba1\u53e3\u6709\u4e00\u56e2\u68c9\u82b1\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7a7a\u6c14\u5bf9\u6d41\uff0c\u51cf\u7f13\u6392\u6c14\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u8f83\u7eaf\u51c0\u6c28\u6c14)
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6c28\u6c14\u662f\u5426\u6536\u96c6\u6ee1\uff1a\u7528\u6e7f\u6da6\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u9760\u8fd1\u8bd5\u7ba1\u53e3\uff0c\u82e5\u8bd5\u7eb8\u53d8\u84dd\u8bf4\u660e\u6536\u96c6\u6ee1
\u5e72\u71e5\uff1a\u78b1\u77f3\u7070(CaO\u548cNaOH\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269)
\u2162\u3001\u94f5\u76d0
a\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u94f5\u6839\u79bb\u5b50(NH4+)\u548c\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50(\u5982Cl-\u3001SO42-\u3001CO32-)\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982NH4Cl\uff0cNH4HCO3\u7b49
b\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u90fd\u662f\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u90fd\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a
\u2460\u52a0\u70ed\u5206\u89e3\uff1aNH4Cl===NH3\u2191+HCl\u2191\uff0cNH4HCO3===NH3\u2191+CO2\u2191+H2O
\u2461\u4e0e\u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u94f5\u76d0\u4e0e\u78b1\u5171\u70ed\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u5e76\u80fd\u4f7f\u6e7f\u6da6\u7ea2\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u53d8\u84dd\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u5373\u6c28\u6c14\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u94f5\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\uff1aNH4NO3+NaOH===NH3\u2191+H2O+NaCl,\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aNH4++OH-===NH3\u2191+H2O\uff0c\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u68c0\u9a8c\u94f5\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002
d\u3001NH4+\u7684\u68c0\u9a8c\uff1aNH4++OH-===NH3\u2191+H2O\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5411\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u5e76\u52a0\u70ed\uff0c\u7528\u6e7f\u6da6\u7684\u7ea2\u8272\u77f3\u854a\u8bd5\u7eb8\u9760\u8fd1\u8bd5\u7ba1\u53e3\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u53d8\u84dd\uff0c\u5982\u82e5\u53d8\u84dd\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u6709\u94f5\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
20\u3001\u785d\u9178
\u2460\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u3002\u6d53\u785d\u9178\u56e0\u4e3a\u6325\u53d1HNO3\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u53d1\u70df\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6545\u53eb\u505a\u53d1\u70df\u785d\u9178
\u2461\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1aa\u3001\u9178\u7684\u901a\u6027\uff1a\u548c\u78b1\uff0c\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34
b\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a4HNO3=== 4NO2\u2191+2H2O+O2\u2191\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eHNO3\u5206\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684NO2\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e45\u7f6e\u7684\u785d\u9178\u4f1a\u663e\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5411\u5176\u4e2d\u901a\u5165\u7a7a\u6c14\u5373\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u9ec4\u8272
c\u3001\u5f3a\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a3Cu+8HNO3(\u7a00)===3Cu(NO3)2+2NO\u2191+4H2O
Cu+4HNO3(\u6d53)===Cu(NO3)2+2NO2\u2191+2H2O
\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0bAl\u3001Fe\u9047\u6d53\u785d\u9178\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u949d\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u94dd\u5236\u6216\u94c1\u5236\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u50a8\u5b58\u6d53\u785d\u9178
\u2171\u3001\u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aC+4HNO3(\u6d53)===CO2\u2191+4NO2\u2191+2H2O
d\u3001\u738b\u6c34\uff1a\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u548c\u6d53\u785d\u9178\u6309\u7167\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd43\uff1a1\u6df7\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eb6\u89e3\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6eb6\u89e3\u5728\u785d\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u5982Pt\u3001Au\u7b49
21\u3001\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u548c\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b
\u2460\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a
\u539f\u5b50\u6838 \u4e2d\u5b50 \u539f\u5b50\u4e0d\u5e26\u7535\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e0d\u5e26\u7535\uff0c\u8d28\u5b50\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u8377
\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210 \u8d28\u5b50 \u8d28\u5b50\u6570==\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570==\u6838\u7535\u8377\u6570==\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6570
\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50 \u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf==\u8d28\u91cf\u6570
\u2461\u539f\u5b50\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a
A\uff1a\u8d28\u91cf\u6570 Z\uff1a\u8d28\u5b50\u6570 N\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570 A=Z+N
\u51b3\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5143\u7d20
\u2462\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff1a\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u4e2d\u5b50\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e92\u79f0\u4e3a\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\uff1a16O\u548c18O\uff0c12C\u548c14C\uff0c35Cl\u548c37Cl
\u2463\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u4e0d\u5e26\u7535\u5fae\u7c92\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u6570==\u8d28\u5b50\u6570
\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u5fae\u7c92\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u6570==\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\u2014\u7535\u8377\u6570
\u5e26\u8d1f\u7535\u5fae\u7c92\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u6570==\u8d28\u5b50\u6570+\u7535\u8377\u6570
\u24641\u201418\u53f7\u5143\u7d20(\u8bf7\u6309\u4e0b\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u8bb0\u5fc6)
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
\u2465\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u7ed3\u6784
\u77ed\u5468\u671f(\u7b2c1\u30012\u30013\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u79cd\u7c7b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a2\u30018\u30018)
\u5143 \u5468\u671f(7\u4e2a\u6a2a\u884c) \u957f\u5468\u671f(\u7b2c4\u30015\u30016\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u79cd\u7c7b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a18\u300118\u300132)
\u7d20 \u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5468\u671f(\u7b2c7\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e3a26\uff0c\u82e5\u6392\u6ee1\u4e3a32)
\u5468 \u4e3b\u65cf(7\u4e2a)(\u2160A\u2014\u2166A)
\u671f \u65cf(18\u4e2a\u7eb5\u884c\uff0c16\u4e2a\u65cf) \u526f\u65cf(7\u4e2a)(\u2160B\u2014\u2166B)
\u8868 0\u65cf(\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u65cf\uff1aHe\u3001Ne\u3001Ar\u3001Kr\u3001Xe\u3001Rn)
\u2167\u65cf(3\u5217)
\u2466\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a\u5468\u671f\u6570==\u7535\u5b50\u5c42\u6570\uff0c\u4e3b\u65cf\u65cf\u5e8f\u6570==\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u7535\u5b50\u6570==\u6700\u9ad8\u6b63\u5316\u5408\u4ef7
\u2467\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\uff1a
\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a(\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31)\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a(\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31)
\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u534a\u5f84\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a(\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31)\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a(\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5f31)
\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u662fF\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u662fFr (\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u662fCs\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aFr\u662f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20)
\u5224\u65ad\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u56db\u6761\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a
a\u3001\u4e0e\u9178\u6216\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d8a\u5267\u70c8\u5219\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u91ca\u653e\u51faH2\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a
b\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5bf9\u5e94\u6c34\u5316\u7269\u7684\u78b1\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a
c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7f6e\u6362(\u5982\uff1aFe+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu)
d\u3001\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u6781\uff08\u8d1f\u6781\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6027\uff1e\u6b63\u6781\uff09
\u5224\u65ad\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a
a\u3001\u4e0eH2\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u6c14\u6001\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8d8a\u6613\u7ed3\u5408\u5219\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a
b\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u4ef7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5bf9\u5e94\u6c34\u5316\u7269\u7684\u9178\u6027\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u9178\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a
c\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7f6e\u6362(\u5982\uff1aCl2+H2S==2HCl+S\u2193)
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7531\u4f9d\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u5f3a\u5f31\uff0c\u7531\u5f3a\u5f31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa\u4f9d\u636e
\u2468\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528
\u5171\u4ef7\u952e \u6781\u6027\u952e
\u5316\u5b66\u952e \u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e
\u79bb\u5b50\u952e
\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u3002
\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff1a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0cA\u2014A\u578b\uff0c\u5982\uff1aH2\uff0cCl2\uff0cO2\uff0cN2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u6781\u6027\u952e
\u6781\u6027\u952e\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0cA\u2014B\u578b\uff0c\u5982\uff1aNH3\uff0cHCl\uff0cH2O\uff0cCO2\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6781\u6027\u952e
\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff1a\u539f\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5f97\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u952e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e(\u2160A\u3001\u2161A)\u4e0e\u6d3b\u6cfc\u7684\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20(\u2165A\u3001\u2166A)\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5982\uff1aNaCl\uff0cMgO\uff0cKOH\uff0cNa2O2\uff0cNaNO3\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u79bb\u5b50\u952e
\u6ce8\uff1a\u6709NH4+\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff1bAlCl3\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\uff0c\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5171\u4ef7\u952e
\u5171\u4ef7\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7531\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982\uff1aHCl\uff0cH2SO4\uff0cCO2\uff0cH2O\u7b49
\u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u79bb\u5b50\u952e\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982\uff1aNaCl\uff0cMg(NO3)2\uff0cKBr\uff0cNaOH\uff0cNH4Cl
22\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387
\u2460\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u91cf\u6216\u751f\u6210\u7269\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u91cf\uff0cv==\u25b3C/\u25b3t
\u2461\u5f71\u54cd\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a
\u6d53\u5ea6\uff1a\u6d53\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927 \u6e29\u5ea6\uff1a\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927
\u538b\u5f3a\uff1a\u538b\u5f3a\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u901f\u7387\u589e\u5927(\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6c14\u4f53\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u5f71\u54cd)
\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff1a\u6539\u53d8\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387 \u5176\u4ed6\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u9897\u7c92\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u7684\u6027\u8d28
23\u3001\u539f\u7535\u6c60
\u8d1f\u6781(Zn)\uff1aZn\u20142e-==Zn2+
\u6b63\u6781(Cu)\uff1a2H++2e-==H2\u2191
\u2460\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5c06\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\u7684\u88c5\u7f6e
\u2461\u6784\u6210\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a
a\u3001\u6709\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e(\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u78b3\u68d2)\u505a\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e
\u505a\u8d1f\u6781\uff0c\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u505a\u6b63\u6781
b\u3001\u6709\u7535\u89e3\u8d28\u6eb6\u6db2
c\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u95ed\u5408\u56de\u8def
24\u3001\u70c3
\u2460\u6709\u673a\u7269
a\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u542b\u78b3\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u9664CO\u3001CO2\u3001\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u7b49\u65e0\u673a\u7269\u5916
b\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6700\u5916\u5c42\u67094\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f62\u6210\u56db\u6839\u5171\u4ef7\u952e
\u2171\u3001\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u94fe\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408
\u2172\u3001\u78b3\u78b3\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u53cc\u952e\u3001\u4e09\u952e
\u2173\u3001\u78b3\u78b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u94fe\u72b6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u73af\u72b6
c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u673a\u7269\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u71c3\u70e7(\u9664\u4e86CCl4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e03\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u706d\u706b)
\u2171\u3001\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u673a\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34(\u4e59\u9187\u3001\u4e59\u9178\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5)
\u2461\u70c3\uff1a\u4ec5\u542b\u78b3\u3001\u6c22\u4e24\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u4e59\u70ef\u3001\u82ef\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u89c1\u8868)
\u2462\u70f7\u70c3\uff1a
a\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u78b3\u78b3\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u5355\u952e\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4ef7\u952e\u5168\u90e8\u4e0e\u6c22\u7ed3\u5408\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u94fe\u72b6\u70c3\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u70f7\u70c3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u78b3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ef7\u952e\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9971\u548c\u70c3
b\u3001\u901a\u5f0f\uff1aCnH2n+2\uff0c\u5982\u7532\u70f7(CH4)\uff0c\u4e59\u70f7(C2H6)\uff0c\u4e01\u70f7(C4H10)
c\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7531\u6c14\u6001(1\u20144)\u53d8\u4e3a\u6db2\u6001(5\u201416)\u518d\u53d8\u4e3a\u56fa\u6001(17\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a)
d\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28(\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94)\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u6eb6\u6db2\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u540c\u7532\u70f7
CnH2n+2+(3n+1)/2O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
e\u3001\u547d\u540d(\u4e60\u60ef\u547d\u540d\u6cd5)\uff1a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u572810\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u7532\u3001\u4e59\u3001\u4e19\u3001\u4e01\u3001\u620a\u3001\u5df1\u3001\u5e9a\u3001\u8f9b\u3001\u58ec\u3001\u7678\u547d\u540d
\u2463\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61
\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53
\u5982C4H10\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u5206\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff1aCH3CH2CH2CH3(\u6b63\u4e01\u70f7)\uff0cCH3CHCH3(\u5f02\u4e01\u70f7)
\u7532\u70f7 \u4e59\u70ef \u82ef
\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f CH4 C2H4 C6H6
\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f
\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42
\u7ed3\u6784
\u7b80\u5f0f CH4
CH2=CH2 \u6216
\u7535\u5b50\u5f0f
\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42
\u7a7a\u95f4
\u7ed3\u6784 \u6b63\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784 \u5e73\u9762\u578b \u5e73\u9762\u578b(\u65e0\u5355\u952e\uff0c\u65e0\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u4ecb\u4e8e\u5355\u3001\u53cc\u952e\u95f4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5927\u220f\u952e)
\u7269\u7406
\u6027\u8d28 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u5473\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u5c0f\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u3001\u6cbc\u6c14\u3001\u6cb9\u7530\u6c14\u3001\u7164\u9053\u5751\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u7a0d\u6709\u6c14\u5473\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7565\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14 \u65e0\u8272\u3001\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u9999\u5473\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c34\u5c0f\uff0c\u6709\u6bd2
\u5316\u5b66
\u6027\u8d28 \u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O
\u2461\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH4+Cl2 CH3Cl+HCl
\u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u892a\u8272
b\uff0eC2H4+3O2 2CO2+2H2O
\u2461\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
CH2=CH2+Br2
\u2462\u52a0\u805a\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
nCH2=CH2 \u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014
\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u805a\u4e59\u70ef\uff0c\u5851\u6599\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u5316\u5408\u7269 \u2460\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u9178\u6027\u9ad8\u9530\u9178\u94be\u892a\u8272
b\uff0e2C6H6+15O2 12CO2+6H2O
\u2461\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
a\uff0e\u4e0e\u6db2\u6eb4\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+Br2 +HBr
b\uff0e\u4e0e\u785d\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+HO-NO2 +H2O
\u2462\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
+3H2 (\u73af\u5df1\u70f7)
\u7528\u9014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u5236\u5907\u6c2f\u4eff(CH3Cl\uff0c\u9ebb\u9189\u5242)\u3001\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u78b3\u3001\u70ad\u9ed1\u7b49 \u77f3\u5316\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u6599\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6c34\u679c\u50ac\u719f\u5242\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u751f\u957f\u8c03\u8282\u5242\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u5851\u6599\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7b49 \u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\uff0c\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599
\u6ce8\uff1a\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u6216\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u6709\u4e0a\u6709\u4e0b \u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e(\u53cc\u952e\u6216\u4e09\u952e)\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u53ea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e0b
\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\u2014\u2014\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u82ef\u73af\u7684\u70c3\u79f0\u4e3a\u82b3\u9999\u70c3\u3002\u82ef\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u70c3(\u6613\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u96be\u52a0\u6210)\u3002
25\u3001\u70c3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269
\u2460\u4e59\u9187\uff1a
a\u3001\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u65e0\u8272\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u6613\u6325\u53d1\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u548c\u6c34\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u6bd4\u4e92\u6eb6\uff0c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6eb6\u5242
b\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u2014\u2014C2H6O\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5f0f\u2014\u2014CH3CH2OH\u6216C2H5OH\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u7f9f\u57fa\uff0c\u2014OH
c\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u2170\u3001\u4e0e\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e(Na)\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a
2CH3CH2OH+2Na 2CH3CH2ONa+H2\u2191
\u2171\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u71c3\u70e7\uff1aC2H5OH+3O2 2CO2+3H2O
\u50ac\u5316\u6c27\u5316\uff1a2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO+2H2O
\u2172\u3001\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aCH3COOH+CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O
d\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u7684\u7528\u9014
Cl2中的共价键是：Cl—Cl
CH3CH3中的共价键是：C—H和C—C
2CH2CH3CH(CH3)2CH2CH3CH3CH3CH2CH CH2 CH...(4)共价键的均裂 (5)键离解能 (6)自由基...如, Cl + CH4 HCl + CH3 CH3 + Cl2 CH3Cl...
扩展阅读：cl的最新版本 ... caoh2 cl2 ... cl 4wvc ic ... cl 最新 达尔盖 ... 奔驰a b c e s级 区别 ... co nh3 2 ... hmcl pe java17下载链接 ... feso4 7h2o ... cu oac 2 ...
