英语中虚拟语气的语法
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\u4e00\u3001\u8003\u70b9\u805a\u7126
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If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
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If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
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could might + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1b
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
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If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(\u4ece\u53e5\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728)
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\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b \u53e5
\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cdhad + \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcdshould /would/could/might + have + \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6(be\u7528were)would/should/could/might + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
\u4e0e\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6216should(were to) + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62Would/should/cold/might + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
\u6709\u65f6\u4faf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u7701\u7565if,\u53e5\u5b50\u5219\u53ef\u6362\u6210\u4e0b\u5217\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u201cwere / had / should +\u4e3b\u8bed\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
Were I a boy, I would join the army.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.
2\u3001\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7528\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5
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\u2460\u201cwish + \u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8981\u662f\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u201cwould/could + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u201chad + \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d\u6216\u201ccould(should) + have + \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
\u2461\u5728\u8868\u793a\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u7684\u52a8\u8bcdsuggest\u3001advise\u3001propose\u3001demand\u3001require\u3001insist request\u3001command\u3001order\u7b49\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528should + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u6216\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u5982\uff1a
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she should be operated.
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\u4f5c\u8868\u793a\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u7684\u540d\u8bcdadvise\u3001idea\u3001order\u3001demand\u3001plan\u3001proposal\u3001suggestion\u3001request\u7b49\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u201c\uff08should\uff09 + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
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\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7528\u201cshould + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u60ca\u5947\u3001\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u3001\u7406\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u3002\u5982\uff1a
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
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It is pity that you can\u2019t swim.
3\u3001\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u5408\u7684\u8fd0\u7528
\uff081\uff09\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728as if/as though\u3001even if/even though\u7b49\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6216\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff1b\u6307\u73b0\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff1b\u6307\u5c06\u6765\u72b6\u51b5\u5219\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He did it as if he were an expert.
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
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\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u53e5\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u53e5\u578b\u201cIt is (high)time (that) \u2026 \u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6(be\u7528were)\u6216should + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c(\u73b0\u5728)\u8be5\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
It\u2019s time that I picked up my daughter.
It\u2019s high time we were going.
\uff083\uff09\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7528\u5728if only\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
\uff084\uff09\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u3002
\u2460\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u8c26\u865a\u3001\u5ba2\u6c14\u3001\u6709\u793c\u8c8c\u6216\u8bed\u6c14\u59d4\u5a49\uff0c\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to close the door?
\u2461\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e60\u60ef\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\uff1a
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you.
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14(subjunctive mood)(\u6709\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bed\u6c14(conjunctive mood))\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u5b83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u7528\u5728\u4ece\u5c5e\u5b50\u53e5\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u5e0c\u671b\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3001\u6216\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u8be6\u60c5\u968f\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
(一)虚拟条件句一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
非真实条件句表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的的假设，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态可用以下内容表示：
1、虚拟现在时(与现在事实相反),从句谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句谓语形式Should(would,could,might)+动词原形
2、虚拟过去时(与过去事实相反)，从句谓语形式用Had+过去分词，主句谓形式Should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词
3、虚拟将来时(与将来事实相反)，从句谓形式用动词的一般过去式，或were to +动词原形或should+动词原形，主句谓语形式 hould(would,could,might)动词原形
练习：
1：If the whole operation______beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A )was not planned
B)has not been planned
C)had not been planned
D)were not planned
2、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A)has to get
B)were to get
C)had got
D)could have got
解析：1、答案C。由主句的谓语动词would have been lost 可以判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，if 引导的从句须用过去完成时，故C项为正确答案。本句题意是：如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱。
2、答案B。because引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，if 条件从句谓语动词的时态应与wouldn’t be able to 对应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应用should或were to +动词原形，因此B项正确。本题句意是：吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为好考虑到一旦上班，她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们。
看下“新月空中英语”的有声语法，相信会有所帮助
ch10第十章 虚拟语气
http://baike.baidu.com/view/26751.htm
SHOULD HAVE DONE 吗？
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绛旓細鈶f+涓昏+did锛堝姩璇嶈繃鍘诲紡锛/were鍥涖 鏈夋椂锛岃櫄鎷熸潯浠跺彞涓紝缁撴灉涓诲彞鍜屾潯浠朵粠鍙ョ殑璋撹鍔ㄤ綔鑻ヤ笉鏄悓鏃跺彂鐢熸椂锛铏氭嫙璇皵鐨褰㈠紡搴斾綔鐩稿簲鐨勮皟鏁淬傝繖绉嶆潯浠跺彞鍙敊缁兼潯浠跺彞銆傗憼浠庡彞鐨勫姩浣滀笌杩囧幓浜嬪疄鐩稿弽锛岃屼富鍙ョ殑鍔ㄤ綔涓庣幇鍦ㄦ垨鐜板湪姝ｅ湪鍙戠敓鐨勪簨瀹炰笉绗︺傗憽浠庡彞鐨勫姩浣滀笌鐜板湪浜嬪疄鐩稿弽锛岃屼富鍙ョ殑鍔ㄤ綔涓庤繃鍘讳簨瀹炰笉...
绛旓細鑻辫铏氭嫙璇皵璇硶鎬荤粨濡備笅锛1銆佽櫄鎷熻姘旀槸璇磋瘽鑰呯敤鏉ヨ〃绀轰竴绉嶅亣鎯筹紝鎴栬呴毦浠ヨ揪鍒扮殑鎯呭舰锛岃岄潪瀹㈣瀛樺湪鐨勪簨瀹炪2銆佽櫄寮忚姘斿湪鏉′欢鍙ヤ腑鐨勪娇鐢細鏉′欢鍙ユ湁鐪熷疄鏉′欢鍙ュ拰铏氭嫙鏉′欢鍙ャ傚綋涓诲彞涓嶉渶瑕佽櫄鎷熻姘旀椂锛岀湡瀹炴潯浠跺彞鎵琛ㄧず鐨勫亣璁炬槸鍙兘鐨勶紝鑰岃櫄鎷熸潯浠跺彞鍒欒〃绀轰笌浜嬪疄鐩稿弽鎴栦笉澶彲鑳藉彂鐢熺殑鍋囪锛屾鏃朵娇鐢ㄨ櫄鎷...
绛旓細鑻辫涓殑璇皵鍒嗕负闄堣堪璇皵銆佺浣胯姘斻铏氭嫙璇皵銆佺枒闂姘斿拰鎰熷徆璇皵浜旂被銆傝櫄鎷熻姘旀槸璇磋瘽鑰呯敤鏉ヨ〃绀哄亣璁撅紝鎴栭毦浠ュ疄鐜扮殑鎯呭喌锛岃岄潪瀹㈣瀛樺湪鐨勪簨瀹烇紝鎵闄堣堪鐨勬槸涓涓潯浠讹紝涓嶄竴瀹氭槸浜嬪疄锛岀敋鑷冲畬鍏ㄤ笌浜嬪疄鐩稿弽銆傛澶栧闇琛ㄨ揪涓昏鎰挎湜鎴栨煇绉嶅己鐑堢殑鎰熸儏鏃讹紝涔熷彲鐢ㄨ櫄鎷熻姘斻傝櫄鎷熻姘旈氳繃璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勭壒娈婂舰寮忔潵琛ㄧず銆
绛旓細瑙ｆ瀽锛1銆佺瓟妗圕銆傜敱涓诲彞鐨勮皳璇姩璇峸ould have been lost 鍙互鍒ゆ柇锛屾湰棰樿冩煡鐨勬槸琛ㄧず涓庤繃鍘讳簨瀹炵浉鍙鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘旂殑鐢ㄦ硶锛宨f 寮曞鐨勪粠鍙ラ』鐢ㄨ繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂锛屾晠C椤逛负姝ｇ‘绛旀銆傛湰鍙ラ鎰忔槸锛氬鏋滄暣涓墜鏈笉鎻愬墠瀹夋帓鐨勮瘽锛岄偅灏辫娴垂澶ч噺鐨勬椂闂村拰閲戦挶銆2銆佺瓟妗圔銆俠ecause寮曞鐨勫師鍥犵姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑鏈変竴涓櫄鎷熺粨鏋勶紝if...
绛旓細濡傦細We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn鈥檛 have achieved so much. But for 锛堚滆涓嶆槸...鈥鐨鎰忔濓級your help, I would not have succeeded.II: 铏氭嫙璇皵鍦ㄤ粠鍙ヤ腑鐢╯hould鐨勬儏鍐:1. 鍦ㄨ〃绀哄缓璁,瑕佹眰,鍛戒护,鎯虫硶鐨勫姩...
绛旓細He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed. 浜斻佸湪鈥淚t is (was)+褰㈠璇嶏紙鎴栬繃鍘诲垎璇嶏級+that鈥︹︹濈粨鏋勪腑锛屼富璇粠鍙ョ殑璋撹涔熺敤鈥渟hould+鍘熷舰鍔ㄨ瘝鈥滆〃铏氭嫙璇皵 缇庡浗鑻辫涓鐪佸幓should, 甯哥敤鐨勫舰瀹硅瘝鍜岃繃鍘诲垎璇嶆湁锛氳〃绀衡滆姹傗濈殑锛歳equired, demanded, requested, desired, desir...
绛旓細铏氭嫙璇皵(Subjunctive Mood)杩欎竴璇硶椤圭洰鏄悇绫鑻辫鑰冭瘯涓績娴嬭瘯鐨勯噸鐐逛箣涓銆傝櫄鎷熻姘旀槸涓绉嶇壒娈婄殑鍔ㄨ瘝褰㈠紡,鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず璇磋瘽浜烘墍璇寸殑璇濆苟涓嶆槸浜嬪疄,鑰屾槸涓绉嶅亣璁俱佹効鏈涖佹鐤戞垨鎺ㄦ祴銆 鈪犵敤浠ヨ〃绀鸿櫄鎷熸潯浠鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘 鈷堢敤if鏉′欢浠庡彞琛ㄧず鐨勮櫄鎷熸潯浠,鏄櫄鎷熸潯浠舵渶鏅氱殑鏂瑰紡銆 鈶 铏氭嫙鐜板湪鏃惰〃绀轰笌鐜板湪浜嬪疄鐩稿弽鐨勫亣璁,鍏秈f ...
绛旓細璇 娉 璁 瑙 鈥斺铏氭嫙璇皵 鑻辫涓鏈変笁绉嶄笉鍚岀殑璇皵锛氶檲杩拌姘旓紝绁堜娇璇皵鍜岃櫄鎷熻姘斻傝櫄鎷熻姘旇〃绀哄姩浣滄垨鐘舵佷笌浜嬪疄鐩稿弽锛屾垨涓嶅彲鑳藉彂鐢熺殑鎯呭喌銆備竴锛庤櫄鎷熻姘旂敤浜庢潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑 1. 琛ㄧず涓庣幇鍦ㄤ簨瀹炵浉鍙嶆垨涓嶅彲鑳藉彂鐢燂細鏉′欢鐘惰浠庡彞锛氫竴鑸繃鍘绘椂锛堣櫄鎷熻姘斾腑be鈫抴ere锛変富鍙ョ敤锛歸ould(should, could, ...
绛旓細铏氭嫙璇皵鏄竴椤璇硶闅剧偣锛屼负浜嗚瀛﹀憳浠究浜庣悊瑙ｄ笌璁板繂锛屾垜浠妸铏氭嫙璇皵鍒嗘垚涓夊ぇ鍧楁潵璁ㄨ锛1锛庡悕璇嶄粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘 鏍囧織璇+should+鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰 2锛庢潯浠朵粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘 鈶犱笁绉嶅熀鏈 鈶″掕铏氭嫙鍙 鈶㈡贩鏃惰櫄鎷熷彞 鈶ｅ惈钃勮櫄鎷熷彞 鈶よ烦灞傝櫄鎷熷彞 3锛庡叾瀹冩儏褰腑鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘旓紙wish/would rather/It鈥檚 high time...
