孟子 公孙丑上翻译 孟子公孙丑下 全文译文
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公孙丑上，前两章记载孟子与学生公孙丑的对话，其余均系孟子个人言论的记录。总起来说，仍以政治学说，尤其是“仁政”理论为主。即便是说到其它方面的问题，也往往落脚于“仕政”之上
今天我们说，与人为善，是指善意帮助别人。这与孟子所说的意思既密切相关又略为有所不同了。
孟子的意思很简单，与人为善就是与别人一起行善，而这种与人一起行善的基础是吸取别人的优点，改正自己的缺点。所以，他是从子路说起。因为子路有一个很大的优点是闻过则喜，听到别人给自己指出过错就高兴。除了子路而外，夏禹也是这方面的模范，他只要一听到别人对他说有教益的话，不仅高兴，而且还要就地下拜，行上一个大礼。当然，比起子路和夏禹来，大舜的“与人为善”就更高一筹了，不仅高兴，不仅下拜，而且还要切实吸取并付诸行动，这就等于和别人一起行善了。
从闻过则善闻善言则拜，到与人为善，虽然有程度的不同，但其性质都是一样的，这就是善于吸取别人的优点而改正自己的缺点。
在《论语•学而》篇里，孔子曾经说过：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。”把别人能够给自己指出过错看作一大幸事。
可见，孔、孟在如何正确对待自己的缺点和别人的优点这个问题上也是一脉相承的。
当然，在实际生活中，要真正按孔、孟的要求做是非常难的。这里面的原因多种多样，但最根本的一点，还是有没有宽广的胸襟和肚量的问题。 没有宽广的胸襟和肚量来处理人与我之间的关系，莫说与人为善，就是闻过则喜也是绝对做不到的。做得到的，只有闻过则想，文过饰非而已。
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