名词性从句中，什么时候用that，什么时候用where？什么时候用it？ 定语从句中什么时候用it什么时候用 that
\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528that \u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528whereeach time \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8fde\u8bcd\u4e86,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3/\u526f\u8bcd\u4e86
\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff08Attributive Clauses\uff09\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\uff0c\u4fee\u9970\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u88ab\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd,\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5373\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u3002\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\uff08\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\uff09\u5f15\u51fa\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709\uff1awho, whom, whose, that, which\u7b49\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u6709\uff1a when, where, why\u7b49\u3002
18.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u5b9a\u8bed\u7b49\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5728\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u6570\u8981\u548c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
1\uff09who, whom, that
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\uff08who/that\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u6628\u5929\u89c1\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\uff08whom/that\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09
2) Whose \u7528\u6765\u6307\u4eba\u6216\u7269\uff0c(\u53ea\u7528\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed, \u82e5\u6307\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u540cof which\u4e92\u6362\uff09, \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. \u90a3\u4eba\u8f66\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8dd1\u8fc7\u53bb\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. \u8bf7\u9012\u7ed9\u6211\u90a3\u672c\u7eff\u76ae\u7684\u4e66\u3002
3\uff09which, that
\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u7b49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. \u519c\u6751\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3002\uff08which / that\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. \u4f60\u62ff\u7684\u5305\u5feb\u6563\u4e86\u3002(which / that\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09
\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee3\u66ff\u7684\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u6216\u7406\u7531\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u3002
1\uff09when, where, why
\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcdwhen, where, why\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e"\u4ecb\u8bcd+ which"\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u5e38\u548c"\u4ecb\u8bcd+ which"\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea4\u66ff\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. \u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c48\u670d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. \u5317\u4eac\u662f\u6211\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u3002
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u6211\u4eec\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5417\uff1f
2\uff09that\u4ee3\u66ff\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd
that\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u7406\u7531\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u53d6\u4ee3when, where, why\u548c"\u4ecb\u8bcd+ which"\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2dthat\u5e38\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. \u4ed6\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u90a3\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\u4e86\u3002
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. \u4ed6\u4e0d\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5c45\u4f4f\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\u5224\u65ad\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\uff1a \u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u65e0\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff1b\u800c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
\u5224\u65ad\u6539\u9519\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u5148\u663e\u793a\u9898\uff0c\u518d\u663e\u793a\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u6a2a\u7ebf\uff1b\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u3002\uff09
\uff08\u9519\uff09 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
\uff08\u9519\uff09 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
\uff08\u5bf9\uff09 This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
\uff08\u5bf9\uff09 I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u603b\u628a\u8868\u5730\u70b9\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd where, when\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6b64\u4e24\u9898\u9519\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u7684\u8bef\u7528\u4e0a\u3002
\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e8c\uff1a \u51c6\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u5728\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5206(\u4e3b\u3001\u8c13\u3001\u5bbe\u3001\u5b9a\u3001\u72b6)\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd/\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd\u3002
\u4f8b1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
\u4f8b2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u4f8b1 D\uff0c\u4f8b2 A
\u4f8b1\u53d8\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
\u4f8b2\u53d8\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\uff1a This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
\u5728\u53e51\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u7f3a\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u800cwhere, that, on which\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u6709the one\u65e2\u505a\u4e86\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u505a\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u9009D\u3002
\u800c\u53e52\u4e2d, \u4e3b\u3001\u8c13\u3001\u5bbe\u4ff1\u5168\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u8868\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u526f\u8bcdwhere\uff0c\u53c8\u56e0 in the museum \u8bcd\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcdin + which \u5f15\u5bfc\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcdon \u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9009A\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4f9d\u636e\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u505a\u4e3b\u3001\u5b9a\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd (who, whom, that, which, whose)\uff1b \u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u505a\u72b6\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcd ( where \u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\uff0cwhen \u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff0cwhy \u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed) \u3002
\u9650\u5236\u6027\u548c\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
1) \u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6709\u9650\u5236\u6027\u548c\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u662f\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u5b83\u4e3b\u53e5\u610f\u601d\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff1b\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u662f\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u4e86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
This is the house which we bought last month. \u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u4e70\u7684\u90a3\u5e62\u623f\u5b50\u3002\uff08\u9650\u5236\u6027\uff09
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.\u8fd9\u5e62\u623f\u5b50\u5f88\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u4e70\u7684\u3002\uff08\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\uff09
2) \u5f53\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662f\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. \u67e5\u7406\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u53bb\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u3002
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. \u6211\u53bb\u5e74\u4e70\u7684\u7684\u90a3\u5e62\u623f\u5b50\u5e26\u7740\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u82b1\u56ed\u3002
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. \u8fd9\u672c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5f88\u52a8\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e09\u904d\u3002
3) \u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u8fd8\u80fd\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u53e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5148\u884c\u8bcd, \u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u9970, \u8fd9\u65f6\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. \u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6293\u4f4f\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u6211\u5fc3\u70e6\u3002
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. \u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u53d8\u4e3a\u84b8\u6c7d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u84b8\u53d1\u3002
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcdthat\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcdwhy\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002
\u4ecb\u8bcd+\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd
1\uff09\u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\u3002
2\uff09that\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002
3\uff09 \u67d0\u4e9b\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5145\u5f53\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5730\u70b9\u6216\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\u7684"\u4ecb\u8bcd+\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd"\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u526f\u8bcdwhen \u548cwhere \u4e92\u6362\u3002
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
as, which \u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5
\u7531as, which \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0cas\u548cwhich\u53ef\u4ee3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u53e5\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eand this\u6216and that\u3002As\u4e00\u822c\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u9996\uff0cwhich\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
1\uff09Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
\u7b54\u6848C. \u6b64\u4e3a\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528 that\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u800c\u7528which.\uff0cit \u548che \u90fd\u4f7f\u540e\u53e5\u6210\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\u9009he\u53e5\u610f\u4e0d\u901a\u3002
2\uff09The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
\u7b54\u6848B\u3002which\u53ef\u4ee3\u66ff\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u800cwhat\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002That \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0cit\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fde\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7531\u9017\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u3002
3\uff09It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
\u7b54\u6848B.
as \u548cwhich\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u90fd\u6307\u4e3b\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a
(1\uff09 as \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u53ef\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u800c which\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002
(2\uff09 as \u4ee3\u8868\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u53e5\u5e76\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1b\u82e5\u4e3a\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53ea\u80fd\u7528which.\u3002
\u5728\u672c\u9898\u4e2d\uff0cprevent\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u9879\u5e94\u4e3aB\u3002
As \u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u4f8b1. the same\u2026 as\uff1bsuch\u2026as \u4e2d\u7684as \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784, \u548c\u2026\u2026\u4e00\u6837\u2026\u2026\u3002
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
\u4f8b2. as\u53ef\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5e38\u5e26\u6709'\u6b63\u5982'\u3002
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b1\u4e2d\u7684as\u4f5cknow\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1b\u4f8b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u5f53\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcdknow\u8981\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\u3002
\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u4e8c\u5408\u4e00
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 anyone who \u4ee3\u66ff)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528all that\u4ee3\u66ff)
what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1\uff09what = the thing which\uff1bwhatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
\uff08\u9519\uff09Who breaks the law will be punished.
\uff08\u9519\uff09Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
\uff08\u5bf9\uff09Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
\uff08\u5bf9\uff09Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that \u548c what
\u5f53that\u5f15\u5bfc\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6 \uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5145\u5f53\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\u3002\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684that\u5e38\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002What\u53ea\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece \u53e5\uff0c \u7528\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u7701\u7565\u3002
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcdthat \u7684\u7528\u6cd5
1\uff09\u4e0d\u7528that\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
a) \u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u9650\u5b9a\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u65f6\u3002
(\u9519) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) \u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u3002
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) \u53ea\u80fd\u7528that\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
a) \u5728there be \u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u7528that\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528which\u3002
b) \u5728\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1aanything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little\u7b49\u4f5c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528that\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528which\u3002
c) \u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u6709the only, the very\u4fee\u9970\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528that\u3002
d) \u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u4e3a\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\u3001\u6570\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528that\u3002.
e) \u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u65e2\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u7269\u65f6\u3002
\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4f9b\u6cb9\u95ee\u9898\u3002
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
\u90a3\u8d3c\u6700\u7ec8\u628a\u5077\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4e1c\u897f\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u8b66\u5bdf\u3002
A. \u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u591a\u7528that.
(1) \u5982\u679c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u662fall, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none\u7b49\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u7528that\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528which\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2) \u5982\u679c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u88abthe only, the very, the same, the last, the best\u7b49\u8bcd\u4fee\u9970\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5e38\u7528that(\u6307\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528who),\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
This is the very book that I want to find.
That is the best film that we have seen.
I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.
(3) \u5f53\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u88aball, every, no, some, any, little, much\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u65f6\uff1b
You can take any seat that is free.
(4) \u5f53\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u88ab\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\u6216\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u65f6\u3002
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
(5) \u5728there be\u53e5\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528that.
There is a man that lives in that village.
(6) \u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u7269\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u7528that\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
B. \u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u7528which.
(1) \u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4ecb\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u7269\u5e38\u7528which.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(2) \u975e\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6307\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u7528which.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
He wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.
(3) \u5982\u679c\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u662fthat\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u7528which.
This is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ece\u53e5\u4fee\u9970\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4e3b\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e3b\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cwhich\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4e0eand this \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
it\u662f\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd,\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u8005\u5bbe\u8bed.\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528it\u4e86\uff0c\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fwho \uff0cwhich\uff0cwhere\uff0cwhom\uff0cthat\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528it
For example:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安.that引导主语从句,it 作形式主语,that 不能省略.
That she is a rich woman is known to us all.众所周知,她是个富有的女人.这是that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略.这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型.请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.）
We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house.我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了.这是that引导宾语从句,that 可以省略.注意这句话的时态.
二.宾语从句.
1． that 引导的宾语从句:that 没有意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略
例如：
I really feel she’s making a mistake.我的确感到她正犯错误.
James said (that) he was feeling better.詹姆斯说他感到好些了.
Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to the hospital to see him.听说儿子受了重伤,他急忙赶到医院去看望他.
I suggested that we should go home.我建议我们回家去.虚拟语气,that 一般不能省略.
2．whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”,常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用.如：
He asked me if/whether I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰.
Let me know whether you can come or not.你能来还是不能来,告诉我一声.
三.、 同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明.常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等.同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when,where 等疑问词.
如：
The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊.
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的.
People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心.
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实.
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了.
注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词,没有其他语法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略；而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外,还是定语从句的一个成分,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略
一、名词性从句的界定与分类： 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句（Subject Clauses） Who made the long distance call to him is not important. 表语从句（Predicative Clauses） That is why he decided to buy a mobile phone. 宾语从句（Object Clauses） We need to think about what we should say to the students. 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 二、名词性从句有下列相同之处： 1、 关联词相同 从属连词 that, whether, if 连词代词 who, what, which ,whatever,whichever, whoever,whomever 连词副词 when, where, how, why 2、名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。 一、主语从句：定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。 二、主语从句的表现形式： １。由从属连词引导的主语从句：a. Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss. b. That light travels in straight line is known to all . ２。由连接代词引导的主语从句： a. What we need is more time. b. Which type of coal they are going to burn needs to be decided.c. Whoever is here gets a prize. ３。由连接副词引导的主语从句：a. When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ．b. Where he has been is still a puzzle. c. How much water is flowing can be measured easily. 三、关于形式主语 it 主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语 it，而把主语从句移到句未去。 关于形式主语 it: 以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有： （1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music. （2）It + be + 名词 + that从句It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given. （4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词 + that从句 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 注意之点： 1、 当what引导的主语从句表示“……东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。 What he needs is more experience. Whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般也不用it作形式主语。 2、 但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。a. It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. b. It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year. c. Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? 3、主语从句不在句首，可以用if代替 whether, 但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.1.It’s not clear to me whether ( if ) she likes to join our discussion.
ast sunday, Mr.Lee got up very early to go fishing.
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