浅层地下水污染状况 怎样检测浅层地下水是否被污染
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1 \u6837\u54c1\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0e\u5206\u6790
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\u5171\u68c0\u6d4b\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u726944\u9879\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5364\u4ee3\u70c37\u9879\uff0c\u82ef\u7cfb\u7269\uff08\u5355\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\uff097\u9879\uff0c\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c316\u9879\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u6c2f\u519c\u836f14\u9879\u3002
2 \u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5
2.1 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u768445\u79cd\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e3a\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2di\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6d53\u5ea6Ci\u4e0e\u5176\u68c0\u51fa\u9650\uff08\u5bf9\u7167\u503cC0max\uff09\u548c\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c \uff08\u88681\uff09\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fdb\u884c\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002
\u672a\u6c61\u67d3\uff1aCi\u2264\u68c0\u51fa\u9650\uff1b\u8f7b\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a\u68c0\u51fa\u9650\uff1cCi\u22641/2\u00d7\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff1b\u4e2d\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a1/2\u00d7\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff1cCi\u2264\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff1b\u91cd\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff1cCi\u22645\u00d7\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\uff1b\u6781\u5ea6\u6c61\u67d3\uff1aCi\uff1e5\u00d7\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\u503c\u3002
2.2 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5
\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u91c7\u7528\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6AS\uff08Ambient Severit\uff09\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\u534e\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6210\u679c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6:1999~2005
\u5f0f\uff081\uff09\u4e2d\uff1aASi\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5728\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6\uff1bCi\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5728\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff1b
\u534e\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6210\u679c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6:1999~2005
\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269i\u5728\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u503c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u76ee\u6807\u503c
\u534e\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6210\u679c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6:1999~2005
\u3001WHO\u63a8\u8350\u503c\uff3b4\uff3d\u3001\u56fd\u6807\u503c\uff3b1\uff3d\u7b49\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u503c\u786e\u5b9a\u3002AMEG\u5373\u5468\u56f4\u591a\u4ecb\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u76ee\u6807\u503c\uff08Ambiet Multimedia EnvironmentalGoals\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c40\u5de5\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u63a8\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u5176\u964d\u89e3\u4ea7\u7269\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u503c\uff3b3\uff3d\u3002
\u67d0\u4e00\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7\u91c7\u7528\u603b\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u6709\u673a\u7269\u53ea\u8981AS\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u4eba\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5047\u5b9aAS\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff3b3\uff3d\uff0c\u5219\u67d0\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5730\u7528\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u7684AS\u4e4b\u548cTAS\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u603b\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5373\uff1a
\u534e\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6210\u679c\u8bba\u6587\u96c6:1999~2005
\u5f53TAS\u5927\u4e8el\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\u6709\u6bd2\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u5177\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2dTAS\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u5219\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002
3 \u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba
3.1 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u68c0\u51fa\u60c5\u51b5
X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u68c0\u51fa\u7684\u5364\u4ee3\u70c3\u662f\u4e09\u6c2f\u7532\u70f7\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4e3a\u4e09\u6eb4\u7532\u70f7\uff0c\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5783\u573e\u573a\uff08\u56fe1\uff0c\u88682\uff09\u3002
\u56fe1 \u4e1c\u90e8X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u7269\u7684\u68c0\u51fa\u60c5\u51b5
\u88682 \u4e1c\u90e8X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u7269\u542b\u91cf\u53ca\u521d\u6b65\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5355\u4f4dng/L\uff09
\u7eed\u8868
X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u672a\u68c0\u51fa\u5355\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u3002
\u4e9a\u4e8c\u6c22\u82ca\u3001\u4e8c\u6c22\u82ca\u3001\u83f2\u3001\u84bd\u3001\u8298\u3001\u82ef\u5e76\uff08a\uff09\u8367\u84bd\u548c\u82ef\u5e76\uff08b\uff09\u8367\u84bd\u6240\u6709\u6837\u54c1\u5747\u68c0\u51fa\uff0c\u8367\u84bd\u68c0\u51fa\u738786\uff05\uff0c\u8418\u548c\u5c4857\uff05\u68c0\u51fa\u3002\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002\u82b4\u3001\u82ef\u5e76\uff3bk\uff3d\u8367\u84bd\u3001\u82ef\u5e76\uff3ba\uff3d\u8298\u3001\u4e8c\u82ef\u5e76\uff3ba\uff0ch\uff3d\u84bd\u3001\u831a\u5e76\uff3b1\uff0c2\uff0c3\uff0dc\uff0cd\uff3d\u8298\u548c\u82ef\u5e76\uff3bg\uff0ch\uff0ci\uff3d\u82dd\u5747\u672a\u68c0\u51fa\u3002
\u6709\u673a\u6c2f\u519c\u836f\u68c0\u51fa\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u662fp\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDT\uff0886\uff05\uff09\uff0c\u6b21\u4e3ao\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDT\u3001\u03b3\uff0d\u516d\u516d\u516d\uff0857\uff05\uff09\u548cp\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDD\u3001\u03b4\uff0d\u516d\u516d\u516d\uff0843\uff05\uff09\u3002\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5783\u573e\u573a\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002
3.2 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u521d\u6b65\u8bc4\u4ef7
\u521d\u6b65\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8868\u660eX\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u8f7b\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u4e3a\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u3001\u6ef4\u6ef4\u6d95\u548c\u516d\u516d\u516d\uff08\u88682\uff09\u3002
3.3 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7
X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6700\u5927\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6AS\u5747\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u5371\u5bb3\u4e0d\u663e\u8457\u3002AS\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e3aP\uff0cP\u2032\uff0dDDT\uff080.32\uff09\u548c\u82ef\u5e76\uff3ba\uff3d\u84bd\uff080.18\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u8298\uff080.042\uff09\u3001O\uff0cP\uff0dDDT\uff080.037\uff09\u3001P\uff0cP\u2032\uff0dDDD\uff080.031\uff09\u3001\u5c48\uff080.019\uff09\u3001\u03b4\uff0d\u516d\u516d\u516d\uff080.013\uff09\u548c\u82ef\u5e76\uff3bb\uff3d\u8367\u84bd\uff080.011\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u5e94\u5f15\u8d77\u91cd\u89c6\u3002
X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u603b\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u5ea6\u4e3a0.07\uff5e0.43\uff0c\u5e73\u57470.20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5783\u573e\u573a\u7684\u4e3a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5404\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u57ce\u5e02\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u672a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
3.4 \u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u63a2\u8ba8
\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6307\u6570\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5730\u533a\u73af\u5883\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e03\u5c40\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u6765\u5224\u65adPAHs\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002
\u88683 \u4e1c\u90e8X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7
\u7eed\u8868
\u6ce8\uff1aA.\u4e2d\u56fdGB3838\uff0d2002\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u6e90\u5730\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u6807\u51c6\u9650\u503c\uff3b1\uff3d\uff1bB.1998WHO\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u8d28\u91cf\u57fa\u51c6\u63a8\u8350\u503c\uff3b4\uff3d\uff1bC.2002U.S.EPA\u73b0\u884c\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6807\u51c6\uff3b2\uff3d\uff1bD.\u4e2d\u56fdCJ/T206\uff0d2005\u57ce\u5e02\u4f9b\u6c34\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\uff3b5\uff3d\uff1bE.AMEGwh\u6c34\u73af\u5883\u76ee\u6807\u503c\uff3b3\uff3d\u3002
4\u73af\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u7684PAHs\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u9ad8\u6e29\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\uff082\uff5e3\u73af\uff09\u7684\u5219\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\u7c7b\u6c61\u67d3\uff3b6\uff3d\u3002\u70bc\u7126\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u88c2\u89e3\u3001\u539f\u6cb9\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001\u7164\u7126\u6cb9\u63d0\u70bc\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u5de5\u4e1a\u7b49\u5e9f\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u548c\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6765\u6e90\u7684PAHs\u83f2/\u84bd\u6bd4\u503c\uff08P/A\uff09\u4e3a4.4\uff5e7.9\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u7089\u7076\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u9505\u7089\u3001\u9732\u5929\u71c3\u70e7\u53ca\u5931\u706b\u3001\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u53ca\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u7b49\u71c3\u70e7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5927\u6c14\u6c89\u964d\u6765\u6e90\u7684PAHs\u5176P/A\u503c\uff1e10\uff3b7\uff3d\u3002\u8367\u84bd/\u8298\uff08Fl/Py\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u4e3a1.4\u4ee3\u8868\u7164\u578b\u71c3\u70e7\u4ea7\u7269\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6bd4\u503c\u4e3a1\u5de6\u53f3\u4ee3\u8868\u6728\u6750\u71c3\u70e7\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u6bd4\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u5219\u663e\u793a\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u77f3\u6cb9\uff3b8\uff3d\u3002
\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2dPAHs\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u603b\u4f53\u662f\u4ee5\u4ee53\u73af\uff1e5\u73af\uff1e4\u73af\uff1e2\u73af\uff1e6\u73af\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9012\u51cf\u3002P/A\u503c0.68\uff5e8.52\uff0cFl/Py\u503c0\uff5e1.03\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u71c3\u70e7\u6e90\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u6e90\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u519c\u4e1a\u533aA1\u3001\u5c45\u6c11\u533aR1\u548c\u5783\u573e\u573aW1\u6837\u54c12\uff0b3\u73afPAHs\u542b\u91cf\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e4\u73af\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0aPAHs\uff0cFl/Py\u503c\uff080.01\uff5e0.62\uff09\u5c0f\u4e8e1\uff0cP/A\u503c0.68\uff5e2.23\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e9f\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7c7b\u6cc4\u6f0f\u6765\u6e90\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff1b\u519c\u4e1a\u533aA2\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u533aC1\u6837\u54c12\uff0b3\u73afPAHs\u542b\u91cf\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e4\u73af\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0aPAHs\uff0cFl/Py\u503c1.23\uff5e3.45\uff0cP/A\u503c0\uff5e0.25\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u4e1a\u71c3\u7164\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u4f9b\u6696\u7528\u7164\u548c\u4ea4\u901a\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\u6837\u54c12\uff0b3\u73afPAHs\u542b\u91cf\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e4\u73af\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0aPAHs\uff0cP/A\u503c\uff086.60\uff5e8.52\uff09\u8f83\u5927\uff0cFl/Py\u503c\uff080.31\uff5e1.03\uff09\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u6765\u6e90\u3002
\u88684 \u4e1c\u90e8X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2dPAHs\u7279\u5f81\u6307\u6570
4 \u7ed3\u8bba
X\u5e02\u6d45\u5c42\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u68c0\u51fa\u7684\u5364\u4ee3\u70c3\u662f\u4e09\u6c2f\u7532\u70f7\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4e3a\u4e09\u6eb4\u7532\u70f7\uff0c\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5783\u573e\u573a\u3002\u4e9a\u4e8c\u6c22\u82ca\u3001\u4e8c\u6c22\u82ca\u3001\u83f2\u3001\u84bd\u3001\u8298\u3001\u82ef\u5e76\uff08a\uff09\u8367\u84bd\u3001\u82ef\u5e76\uff08b\uff09\u8367\u84bd\u3001\u8367\u84bd\u3001\u8418\u548c\u5c48\u7b4910\u79cd\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u70c3\u666e\u904d\u68c0\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002\u6709\u673a\u6c2f\u519c\u836f\u68c0\u51fa\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u662fp\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDT\u3001o\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDT\u3001\u03b3\uff0d\u516d\u516d\u516d\u3001p\uff0cp\u2032\uff0dDDD\u548c\u03b4\uff0d\u516d\u516d\u516d\uff0c\u9ad8\u503c\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5783\u573e\u573a\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4e3a\u519c\u4e1a\u533a\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u3002
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Status of the Organic Pollution for the Surficial Groundwater in X City of Eastern China and Its Security Assessment
Yu Guangming1, Liu Hongying2, Su Jingwen2,Zhang Taili2,Li Wei1, Shen Mangting2
(1. Zhejiang General Monitoring Station for Geo-environment, Hangzhou 310007;2. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing 210016)
Abstract: Based on the concentration of organic pollutants in the surficial groundwater samples collected from X city of Eastern China were investigated and quantitatively analyzed, the distributing characteristics of these compounds were studied, the Pollution Index Mathod was adopted to assess the organic pollution of the surficial groundwater in X city by reference to minus detected limit and the drinking water Standard of China, WHO and U. S. EPA, and the sources of these compounds were discussed.
Results show that Trichloromethane, then Tribromomethane of chlorinated solvents, Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Phenanthrene,Anthracene, Pyrene, Benzo [a]) acenaphthene, Benzo [b] fluoranthene, Fluoranthene, Naphthalene and Chrysene of PAHs, p, p\u2032-DDT, o, p\u2032-DDT, \u03b3-BHC, p, p\u2032-DDD and \u03b4-BHC of organochlorine pesticides are mostly found in the surficial groundwater of X city. the surficial groundwater in X city mostly are polluted in light degree, in which p, p\u2032-DDT and Benzo [a] Anthracene having bigger Ambient Severit (AS) should be considered. Depending on the geochemistry parameters of the organic pollutants and the environmental setting of the surficial groundwater, various types industrial production areas, use of fertilizer and pesticides, waste landfill and the incomplete pyrolysis of the fuel may be the various source of the organic pollutants in X city, there existed differences in various function district of city.
Key words: Surficial groundwater; Organic pollution; Security assessment; City in Eastern China
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根据地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838—2002），Ⅴ类水标准规定各污染组分浓度（mg/L）依次为：总磷，0.4；CODCr，40；Cr6＋，0.1；总铅，0.1；NH4—N，1.5。凉水河除硝态氮含量小于Ⅰ类（≤10mg/L以下）水标准外，其余各污染组分浓度均大于Ⅴ类水标准，并且枯水期（4月）河水污染物浓度值大于丰水期（6月），这是由于丰水期充沛的降雨稀释了河水的污染物浓度。
为了确定排污河污染的范围，在离河较远处又找了两口井：马营和葡萄园，其中马营在煤厂西南，距煤厂310m，井深150m左右，葡萄园也在煤厂西南，距煤厂580m，井深50m左右，已有三四十年的开采历史。从表4-2可以看出，地下水的COD和NH4—N变化规律基本相同，即离河越远，其浓度值越小，1#、2#、3#、煤厂井的COD和NH4—N远大于马营。需要说明的是，葡萄园的井主要用于葡萄种植灌溉，其COD比马营高，NH4—N甚至比1#高了近一倍，这和该井的农业污染和很长的开采历史有关。煤厂的COD偏高也和煤厂的露天作业有关。可以肯定的一点是，凉水河对1#、2#和3#存在着COD和NH4—N的污染。至于其他组分：总磷，河水浓度为3.87mg/L，地下水浓度均很小（<0.2mg/L），和室内试验规律一致；Cr6＋和NO3—N，河水浓度不高，地下水中也很小。
表4-2 凉水河及各井特征污染组分浓度表 单位：mg/L
注：取样时间为2002年6月10日。
表4-3 凉水河及各井常规无机组分浓度表 单位：mg/L
注：取样时间为2002年6月10日。ND表示未检出。
从表4-3可以看出，常规阳离子中，Mg2＋和Ca2＋均为地下水大于河水，而Na＋和K＋为河水大于地下水，并且除1#外，K＋在地下水中的浓度表现为离河越远，其值越小。阴离子F-和 为地下水大于河水（3#除外），Cl-表现为离河近的1#、2#和煤厂均大于河水，且离河越远浓度越高，而远处的两口井Cl-小于河水。从Cl-的变化规律看不出河水对地下水有影响，地下水可能有其他的Cl-来源。
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