孛儿只斤·拔都的社会评价 孛儿只斤·拔都的生平事迹
\u5b5b\u513f\u53ea\u65a4\u00b7\u62d4\u90fd\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b5b\u513f\u53ea\u65a4\u00b7\u62d4\u90fd\uff081208\u5e74\u20141255\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5bb6\uff0c1\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u3002\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u4e4b\u5b59\uff0c\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u957f\u5b50\u672f\u8d64\u4e4b\u5ae1\u6b21\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u672f\u8d64\u4f17\u591a\u513f\u5b50\u4e2d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u662f\u5f18\u5409\u524c\u90e8\u6309\u9648\u90a3\u989c\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5140\u4e5e\u65ed\u771f\u53ef\u6566\u30021227\u5e74\u7ee7\u7236\u6c57\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ad\u5c01\u5730\u30021235\u5e74\uff0c\u5949\u5927\u6c57\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u4e4b\u547d\u7387\u5927\u5c06\u901f\u4e0d\u53f0\u548c\u5b97\u738b\u62dc\u7b54\u513f\u3001\u5408\u4e39\u3001\u8d35\u7531\u3001\u8499\u54e5\u7b49\u897f\u5f81\u3002\u6b21\u5e74\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u5148\u9063\u901f\u4e0d\u53f0\u7387\u9a91\u5175\u7a81\u7136\u88ad\u5360\u4e0d\u91cc\u963f\u8033\uff08\u4eca\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u4e2d\u4e0a\u6e38\uff09\u30021237\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u4ee4\u8499\u54e5\u51fb\u706d\u94a6\u5bdf\uff0c\u626b\u9664\u8fdb\u653b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u4e58\u6c5f\u6cb3\u5c01\u51bb\u4e4b\u9645\u5927\u4e3e\u8fdb\u653b\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u519b\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\uff0c\u4f11\u519b\u5c6f\u7267\u30021240\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u4ed6\u7387\u519b\u5411\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5e\u74e6\uff08\u4eca\u57fa\u8f85\uff09\u8feb\u8fd1\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7fe6\u7fbd\u7ffc\u3001\u7edd\u63f4\u519b\u3001\u5c14\u540e\u56f4\u6b7c\u7684\u65b9\u7565\uff0c\u5148\u53d6\u5176\u5916\u56f4\u6570\u57ce\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e5e\u74e6\uff0c\u518d\u9063\u4f7f\u529d\u964d\uff1b\u906d\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u540e\uff0c\u7387\u4e3b\u529b\u4e00\u4e3e\u653b\u514b\uff0c\u5e76\u6bc1\u5176\u57ce\u30021241\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u5175\u5206\u4e24\u8def\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u653b\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\uff08\u4eca\u6ce2\u5170\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\uff08\u4eca\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff09\u3002\u56db\u6708\u5168\u6b7c\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\u3001\u634f\u8ff7\u601d\u8054\u519b\uff0c\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\u3002\u62d4\u90fd\u81ea\u7387\u4e3b\u529b\u76f4\u903c\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\u90fd\u57ce\u9a6c\u8336\uff08\u4eca\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\uff09\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u70ae\u5f29\u8f70\u5c04\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u7f51\u5f00\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u7eb5\u5176\u7a81\u56f4\u3002\u5f53\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\u519b\u593a\u8def\u6e83\u9003\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0b\u4ee4\u8ffd\u51fb\uff0c\u6b7c\u706d\u5176\u4e3b\u529b6\u4e07\uff0c\u653b\u5360\u9a6c\u8336\u30022\u62d4\u90fd\u897f\u5f81\u4e03\u8f7d\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u653b\u63a0\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u3001\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\u3001\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u7247\u9886\u571f\u30021243\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u7586\u57df\u4e1c\u8d77\u989d\u5c14\u9f50\u65af\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\uff0c\u5357\u81f3\u91cc\u6d77\uff0c\u897f\u5230\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\uff0c\u5317\u8fc4\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u4e0a\u6e38\uff0c\u5b9a\u90fd\u8428\u83b1\uff08\u4eca\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u5165\u91cc\u6d77\u5904\uff09\u30021251\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u62e5\u7acb\u8499\u54e5\u4e3a\u8499\u53e4\u5927\u6c57\u30021255\u5e74\u5352\u4e8e\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u6ee8\u3002
\u62d4\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u957f\u5b50\u672f\u8d64\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\uff08\u957f\u5b50\u662f\u65a1\u513f\u7b54\uff0c\u767d\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5f18\u5409\u524c\u90e8\u6309\u9648\u90a3\u989c\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5140\u4e5e\u65ed\u771f\u53ef\u6566\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002\u80fd\u6587\u80fd\u6b66\uff0c\u4e43\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\uff08\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u30021225\u5e74\u672f\u8d64\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u53d7\u8bf8\u5144\u5f1f\u63a8\u6234\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u4f4d\u30021235\u5e74\uff0c\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u53ec\u96c6\u5ffd\u91cc\u53f0\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u542c\u4ece\u4e8c\u54e5\u5bdf\u5408\u53f0\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u5404\u7cfb\u5b97\u738b\u5c45\u957f\u8005\u7edf\u5175\u8fdc\u5f81\u94a6\u5bdf\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u62d4\u90fd\u53c8\u4e3a\u8bf8\u738b\u4e4b\u957f\uff0c\u9042\u9886\u8854\u7edf\u7387\u5168\u519b\u897f\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u957f\u5b50\u897f\u5f81\u201d\u30021237\uff0d1251\u5e74\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u7387\u519b\u5f81\u6218\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bf8\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7acb\u56fd\u4e8e\u94a6\u5bdf\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\uff08\u53c8\u79f0\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\uff09\u3002\u62d4\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5927\u516c\u7684\u8f85\u4f50\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e1c\u4fc4\u30021242\u5e74\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u5927\u516c\u96c5\u7f57\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u4e00\u4e16\u664b\u89c1\u62d4\u90fd\uff0c\u9886\u53d6\u5c01\u8bf0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e1c\u4fc4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5236\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u897f\u4fc4\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u5927\u516c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u628a\u653f\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed3\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8499\u53e4\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u7eb3\u5165\u8499\u53e4\u8f96\u5730\u3002\u62d4\u90fd\u6545\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u4f20\u4f4d\u5176\u5b50\u6492\u91cc\u7b54\uff1b\u6492\u91cc\u7b54\u6b7b\uff0c\u8499\u54e5\u63d0\u540d\u5e7c\u738b\u5140\u524c\u9ed1\u8d64\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u62d4\u90fd\u9057\u5b40\u535a\u524c\u514b\u65a4\u76d1\u56fd\u3002\u57281257\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u62d4\u90fd\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u522b\u513f\u54e5\uff08Berke\uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\u7684\u91d1\u5e10\u5927\u6c57\u4e4b\u4f4d\u3002 1225\u5e74\u672f\u8d64\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u53d7\u8bf8\u5144\u5f1f\u63a8\u6234\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u4f4d\uff0c\u7edf\u9886\u672f\u8d64\u5140\u9c81\u601d\u30021229\u5e74\uff0c\u7387\u672f\u8d64\u7cfb\u8bf8\u738b\u8d74\u602f\u7eff\u8fde\u6cb3\uff08\u4eca\u8499\u53e4\u514b\u9c81\u4f26\u6cb3\uff09\u5927\u65a1\u8033\u6735\u53c2\u52a0\u5ffd\u91cc\u53f0\uff0c\u63a8\u4e3e\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u4e3a\u5927\u6c57\u30021235\u5e74\uff0c\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u53ec\u96c6\u5ffd\u91cc\u53f0\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u5404\u7cfb\u5b97\u738b\u5c45\u957f\u8005\u7edf\u5175\u8fdc\u5f81\u94a6\u5bdf\uff08\u4eca\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\uff09\u3001\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u3001\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\uff08\u6ce2\u5170\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\uff08\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff09\u7b49\u56fd\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u4e3a\u8bf8\u738b\u4e4b\u957f\uff0c\u7edf\u7387\u5168\u519b\u30021237\uff0d1251\u5e74\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u7387\u519b\u5f81\u6218\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bf8\u56fd\u30021251\u5e74\uff0c\u8499\u54e5\u6c57\u5373\u4f4d\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u56e0\u62e5\u7acb\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u3001\u5854\u524c\u601d\u53ca\u6cb3\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u7f6e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8499\u54e5\u53c8\u5c06\u8c37\u513f\u53ea\uff08\u683c\u9c81\u5409\u4e9a\uff09\u6388\u4e0e\u62d4\u90fd\u5f1f\u522b\u513f\u54e5\u4e3a\u5c01\u5730\u3002\u672f\u8d64\u5140\u9c81\u601d\u9042\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u4e2d\u9886\u571f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b97\u85e9\u4e4b\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u5883\u57df\u4e1c\u8d77\u4e5f\u513f\u7684\u77f3\u6cb3\uff08\u4eca\u989d\u5c14\u9f50\u65af\u6cb3\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u5305\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u8bf8\u516c\u56fd\u3002\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u4eba\u79f0\u62d4\u90fd\u5927\u8425\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u5e10\u201d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u53f2\u5bb6\u56e0\u62d4\u90fd\u5bb6\u65cf\u7acb\u56fd\u4e8e\u94a6\u5bdf\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u94a6\u5bdf\u5140\u9c81\u601d\uff0c\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\u3001\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\u4e4b\u540d\u5373\u51fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u62d4\u90fd\u5bf9\u90e8\u4e0b\u5c06\u5352\u9887\u5bbd\u539a\uff0c\u4e0d\u541d\u8d4f\u8d50\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u6492\u56e0\u6c57\u201d \u8499\u53e4\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u6c57\uff08\u592a\u5b97\uff09\u516b\u5e74\u81f3\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081236~1241\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u6c57\u9063\u62d4\u90fd\u7b49\u8bf8\u738b\u7387\u519b\u5f81\u670d\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u8bf8\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u30021236\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u7edf\u519b15\u4e07\u62b5\u8fbe\u4ea6\u7684\u52d2\u6cb3\uff08\u4eca\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\uff09\u4ee5\u4e1c\u3002\u524d\u950b\u4e3b\u5c06\u901f\u4e0d\u53f0\u5148\u53d6\u4e0d\u91cc\u963f\u8033\uff08\u4eca\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7279\u5361\u2015\u6ce2\u5229\u4e9a\u7eb3\u4e1c\uff09\u3002\u662f\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u8499\u54e5\u7387\u90e8\u8fdb\u653b\u4ea6\u7684\u52d2\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u94a6\u5bdf\u90e8\u3002\u65a1\u52d2\u4e0d\u513f\u91cc\u514b\u90e8\u9996\u9886\u516b\u8d64\u86ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u65f6\u88ad\u51fb\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u3002 1237\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u901f\u4e0d\u53f0\u81ea\u4e0d\u91cc\u963f\u8033\u79fb\u5e08\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u589e\u63f4\u8499\u54e5\u6c57\u3002\u516b\u8d64\u86ee\u60e7\uff0c\u9003\u5165\u91cc\u6d77\u4e2d\uff0c\u8499\u54e5\u90e8\u8fdb\u653b\u91cc\u6d77\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u4fd8\u516b\u8d64\u86ee\u5904\u6b7b\u3002\u79cb\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u3002\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\uff0c\u653b\u5360\u4e5f\u70c8\u8d5e\uff08\u4eca\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6881\u8d5e\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u7f57\u6728\u7eb3\uff08\u4eca\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4e1c\u5357\u79d1\u6d1b\u59c6\u7eb3\u57ce\uff09\u7b49\u57ce\u30021238\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u5206\u5175\u653b\u7834\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u3001\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u7b49\u5341\u4f59\u57ce\uff0c\u5e76\u7a81\u88ad\u6614\u8fea\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u5927\u516c\u519b\u8425\uff0c\u5168\u6b7c\u4e4b\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u57fa\u8f85\u516c\u56fd\u53e4\u90fd\u8bfa\u592b\u54e5\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08\u4eca\u5c5e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff09\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u79bb\u57ce50\u4f59\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u5373\u6539\u9053\u5357\u4e0b\u5411\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u5317\u633a\u8fdb\u3002 1239\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8499\u54e5\u3001\u8d35\u7531\u7387\u90e8\u9547\u538b\u963f\u901f\u53db\u90e8\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u5219\u7ecf\u7565\u4f0f\u5c14\u52a0\u6cb3\u4ee5\u4e1c\u8bf8\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4f11\u6574\u519b\u961f\u3002\u8fd9\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u519b\u957f\u9a71\u76f4\u5165\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u653b\u514b\u522b\u5217\u601d\u8001\u52d2\uff08\u4eca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u8d6b\u6885\u5229\u5c3c\u8328\u57fa\uff09\u548c\u5951\u5c14\u5c3c\u679c\u592b\uff08\u4eca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5207\u5c14\u5c3c\u6208\u592b\uff09\u7b49\u57ce\u30021240\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c\u8fdb\u56f4\u4e5e\u74e6\uff08\u4eca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u57fa\u8f85\uff09\uff0c\u906d\u8be5\u57ce\u519b\u6c11\u987d\u5f3a\u62b5\u5fa1\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u67b6\u70ae\u731b\u653b\uff0c\u514b\u4e4b\u3002\u7ee7\u800c\u897f\u653b\u4f3d\u91cc\u8d64\u56fd\uff0c\u7834\u5176\u90fd\u57ce\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u2015\u6c83\u4f26\uff08\u4eca\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5f17\u62c9\u57fa\u7c73\u5c14\u6c83\u4f26\u65af\u57fa\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5730\u30021241\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u9664\u75593\u4e07\u5175\u9547\u5b88\u5357\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u5916\uff0c\u96c612\u4e07\u5175\u5206\u4e09\u8def\u5411\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\uff08\u4eca\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff09\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u4e8c\u8def\u5148\u53d1\uff0c\u5206\u8fdb\u5408\u51fb\u3002\u5317\u8def\u62dc\u7b54\u513f\u519b\u653b\u9677\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\uff08\u4eca\u6ce2\u5170\uff09\u90fd\u57ce\u514b\u62c9\u79d1\u592b\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\uff08\u4eca\u6ce2\u5170\u897f\u5357\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u91cc\u683c\u5c3c\u8328\u51fb\u6e83\u5b5b\u70c8\u513f\u3001\u634f\u8ff7\u601d\uff08\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\uff09\u8054\u519b3\u4e07\u3002\u5357\u8def\u5408\u4e39\u519b\u5148\u540e\u653b\u53d6\u9c81\u4e39\u3001\u74e6\u524c\u4e01\u8bf8\u57ce\uff0c\u4e0e\u62d4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5408\u3002\u62d4\u90fd\u7387\u4e3b\u529b\u8fdb\u62b5\u5e1b\u601d\u5fd2\uff08\u4eca\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\uff09\u57ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u653b\u800c\u4e0d\u7834\uff0c\u9042\u7387\u519b\u5f15\u9000\uff0c\u8bf1\u654c\u51fa\u57ce\uff0c\u7ee7\u4e8e\u6492\u5cb3\u6cb3\u7554\u7d22\u5c14\u8bfa\u514b\u6b7c\u9a6c\u672d\u513f\u519b6\u4e07\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u4f1a\u653b\u5e1b\u601d\u5fd2\uff0c\u653b\u7834\u5176\u57ce\u3002\u590f\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u519b\u4e00\u90e8\u8fdb\u81f3\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8bfa\u4f0a\u65bd\u8fbe\uff0c\u88ab\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u6ce2\u5e0c\u7c73\u4e9a\u8054\u519b\u51fb\u9000\u300212\u6708\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u519b\u8fc7\u79c3\u7eb3\u6cb3\uff08\u4eca\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\uff09\uff0c\u653b\u9677\u683c\u5170\u57ce\u3002 1242\u5e74\uff0c\u7a9d\u9614\u53f0\u6b7b\u8baf\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u7387\u519b\u4e1c\u8fd8\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u7559\u9547\u94a6\u5bdf\u6c57\u56fd\uff0c\u90fd\u8428\u83b1\u57ce\u3002
拔都为人甚为英雄气概。仅四万军队，统治蒙古最大汗国，战四十万联军，攻无不克、战无不胜。其名声响遍欧洲，要不是因为当时蒙古大汗窝阔台之死，欧洲也许片城不留。拔都不贪权利，在众人推举他当蒙古大汗时，不贪图权利，毅然推举有管理才能的蒙哥担任大汗。拔都为人坦诚，爱护下属，不滥杀无辜。面对贵胄的侮辱而一笑而过，面对因释放降敌而受责备却不做过多解释。
绛旓細瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘锛浠ュ叾鑻卞媷鏃犵晱鐨勫舰璞″鍙楄禐瑾銆傚敖绠′粬浠呯巼棰嗗洓涓囧叺椹紝鍗磋兘鎺屾帶钂欏彜鏈澶х殑姹楀浗锛屼笌鍥涘崄涓囪仈鍐涗氦鎴橈紝灞℃垬灞¤儨锛屽叾璧但鎴樺姛鍦ㄦ娲插箍涓烘祦浼犮傝嫢闈炶挋鍙ゅぇ姹楃獫闃斿彴鍘讳笘瀵艰嚧灞鍔垮彉鍖栵紝鎭愭曟娲插皢閬彈鏇翠负鎯ㄧ儓鐨勬礂绀硷紝涓鐗囧簾澧熴鎷旈兘娣℃硦鍚嶅埄锛屽綋浼椾汉鎺ㄤ妇浠栦负澶ф睏鏃讹紝浠栭夋嫨浜嗚浣嶇粰鍏锋湁鍗撹秺绠＄悊鎵...
绛旓細鎷旈兘涓轰汉鍧﹁瘹锛岀埍鎶や笅灞烇紝涓嶆互鏉鏃犺緶銆傞潰瀵硅吹鑳勭殑渚颈鑰屼竴绗戣岃繃锛岄潰瀵瑰洜閲婃斁闄嶆晫鑰屽彈璐ｅ鍗翠笉鍋氳繃澶氳В閲娿
绛旓細瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘鏄垚鍚夋濇睏闀垮瓙瀛涘効鍙枻路鏈丹鐨勫娆″瓙锛岄挦瀵熸睏鍥斤紙閲戝笎姹楀浗锛夌殑寤虹珛鑰銆傚叕鍏1235骞达紝钂欏彜澶ф睏銆佸厓澶畻瀛涘効鍙枻路绐濋様鍙颁笅浠や互鎷旈兘涓哄ぇ鍐涚粺甯咃紝閫熶笉鍙颁负鍓嶉攱锛岃挋鍙ら泦缁撳ぇ鍐涘彂鍔ㄧ浜屾瑗垮緛銆傝繖娆¤挋鍙よタ寰佸ぇ鍐涗互鎴愬悏鎬濇睏璇稿瓙鐨勫瓩杈堜负鍚勮矾缁熷竻锛岃屼笖闄ゆ嫈閮藉閮芥槸鍚勬敮瀹楀鐨勯暱瀛愶紝涓囨埛浠ヤ笅鐨...
绛旓細瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘锛浣滀负鎴愬悏鎬濇睏闀垮瓙鏈丹鐨勬瀛愶紝鏄椈鍚嶅巻鍙茬殑鍏抽敭浜虹墿銆1227骞达紝鏈丹涓嶅垢杈炰笘锛屾嫈閮藉嚟鍊熷厔寮熶滑鐨勬帹鎴达紝缁ф壙浜嗙埗浜茬殑浜嬩笟锛屾墽鎺屼簡鏈丹鍏椴佹濈殑棰嗗鏉冦傚湪鏉冨姏鍒嗛厤涓婏紝浠栫嫭鍏峰尃蹇冿紝灏嗛儴涓嬪啗姘戝垝鍒嗕负涓ら儴鍒嗭紝涓鍗婂綊灞炰粬鐨勫厔闀挎枴鍎跨瓟锛岃礋璐ｅ厐椴佹濅笢澧冪殑缁熸不锛岃绉颁綔宸︾考锛涙嫈閮借嚜宸卞垯棰嗛鍙...
绛旓細鎷旈兘杩樻槸涓涓嚭鑹茬殑鍐涗簨瀹锛屽寰呰嚜宸遍儴涓嬬殑灏嗗崚涔熷緢瀹藉帤锛屼粠涓嶄細婊ユ潃鏃犺緶锛屽寰呮湁鍔熺殑澹叺涔熶細鎻愭嫈浠栦滑锛屽洜姝ゆ嫈閮藉湪鍐涗腑濞佹湜棰囬珮銆傝繖浜涢兘鏄垚鍚夋濇睏鍣ㄩ噸浠栫殑鍘熷洜锛岄兘鏄粬璁╂垚鍚夋濇睏鍠滅埍鐨勫洜绱犮傛嫈閮界殑鍏ㄥ悕鍙仛瀛涘効鍙枻·鎷旈兘锛屾槸鎴愬悏鎬濇睏閾佹湪鐪熺殑瀛欏瓙锛岄鏈夊綋骞村厓澶鐨勯鑼冿紝鏃犺鏄甫鍏垫墦浠...
绛旓細鎷旈兘鍏ㄥ悕瀛涘効鍙枻鎷旈兘锛屾槸鎴愬悏鎬濇睏閾佹湪鐪熺殑澶у効瀛愭湳璧ょ殑浜屽効瀛愶紝鍦ㄥ巻鍙蹭笂鏄竴涓緢鏈夊悕姘旂殑鍐涗簨瀹讹紝鍙備笌浜嗛暱瀛愯タ寰侊紝骞跺湪姝よ繃绋嬩腑锛屾í鎵笢娆ц鍥斤紝鏈鍚庡缓绔嬩簡閽﹀療姹楀浗锛屾槸涓涓緢浜嗕笉璧风殑浜虹墿銆傛垚鍚夋濇睏閾佹湪鐪熶竴鍏辨湁鍏釜鍎垮瓙鍑犲崄涓瓩瀛愶紝涓轰綍鍋忓亸鍦ㄤ紬澶氬瓙瀛欎箣涓紝鎴愬悏鎬濇睏閾佹湪鐪熷亸鍋忔渶鍠滄鎷旈兘鍛紵杩...
绛旓細4銆佹煰鍔繛锛氭嫈閮戒负瀹楃帇涔嬮暱锛屽張寤哄ぇ鍔燂紝鎷ユ埓瀹畻浠ュ畨绀剧ǚ銆傚畻瀛愮淮鍩庯紝鎷旈兘鏃犳劎鐒夈5銆佹嫈閮戒负浜虹敋鏈夎嫳闆勬皵姒傦紝浠栫粺鍏佃タ寰侊紝鏀绘棤涓嶅厠銆佹垬鏃犱笉鑳滐紝鍏跺悕澹板搷閬嶆娲层傛嫈閮戒笉璐潈銆佺煡閫璁╋紝鍦ㄤ紬浜烘帹涓句粬褰撹挋鍙ゅぇ姹楁椂锛屽嵈鐢樺績璁╀綅浜庤挋鍝ャ備互涓婂唴瀹瑰弬鑰冪櫨搴︾櫨绉-瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘 ...
绛旓細鍚嶉搧鏈ㄧ湡,钂欏彜鏃,瀛涘効鍙枻姘忋傞搧鏈ㄧ湡鍑虹敓浜庤挋鍙や篂棰滈儴璐垫棌涓栧銆 鍏笘绁栨捣閮姐侀珮绁栨暒蹇呬箖銆佹浘绁栬憶涓嶅緥瀵掑強鏃忔浘绁栦亢宸村绛夐兘鏇炬槸钂欏彜閮ㄧ殑鏄捐但浜虹墿鎴栭棰;鐖朵篃閫熻鏈鎷旈兘(鍕囧＋)绉板彿銆傛椂婕犲寳楂樺師鏈夌櫨浣欓儴钀,浜掔浉鏀绘垬銆傞搧鏈ㄧ湡闄嶇敓鏃,閫傞㈠叾鐖跺湪浣滄垬涓繕鑾峰濉斿効閮ㄩ棰嗛搧鏈ㄧ湡,涓虹邯蹇垫槸褰规鍔,鏁呭彇姝ゅ悕銆傞搧鏈ㄧ湡9宀佹椂...
绛旓細瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘锛1207骞村嚭鐢熶簬鎴愬悏鎬濇睏闀垮瓙鏈丹鐨勫涓紝鏄紭鍚夊墝閮ㄦ寜闄堥偅棰滅殑濂冲効鍏涔炴棴鐪熷彲鏁︽墍鐢熴備綔涓洪挦瀵熸睏鍥界殑鍒涘浜猴紝鎷旈兘鐨鍐涗簨鎵嶈兘鍗撹秺锛1227骞达紝鏈丹鍘讳笘鍚庯紝鎷旈兘鍑熷厔寮熶滑鐨勬帹涓撅紝缁ф壙浜嗙埗浜茬殑姹椾綅銆1235骞达紝绐濋様鍙版睏閲囩撼瀵熷悎鍙扮殑寤鸿锛屽喅瀹氳繘琛屽ぇ瑙勬ā鐨勮タ寰侊紝鎷旈兘鍥犲叾闀垮瓙鍦颁綅锛岃浠诲懡涓...
绛旓細锛堝紩鑷櫨搴︼級瀛涘効鍙枻路鎷旈兘锛1209骞粹1256骞达級锛岃挋鍙ゆ棌銆傝挋鍙ゅ強涓栫晫鍘嗗彶涓婅憲鍚嶇殑鍐涗簨瀹讹紝鎴愬悏鎬濇睏涔嬪瓩銆佹湳璧や箣瀚℃瀛愶紝姣嶄翰涓哄紭鍚夊墝閮ㄦ寜闄堥偅棰滅殑濂冲効鍏涔炴棴鐪熷彲鏁︺1227骞寸户鐖舵睏浣嶏紝琚皝鍦般1235骞达紝濂夊ぇ姹楃獫闃斿彴涔嬪懡锛岀巼澶у皢閫熶笉鍙板強瀹楃帇鎷滅瓟鍎裤佸悎涓广佽吹鐢便佽挋鍝ョ瓑瑗垮緛銆傛骞达紝鍏堥仯閫熶笉鍙扮巼楠戝叺...
