太阳能光伏发电的现状 太阳能发电的现状
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7684\u53ef\u89c1\u5149\u8c31\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6765\u7528\u4e8e\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5149\u8c31\u7528\u4e8e\u70ed\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u70ed\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u6781\u5c11\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5229\u7528\u805a\u5149\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u548c\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u805a\u70ed\u5668\u7684\u6709\u673a\u6574\u5408\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u70ed\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u9700\u8981\u53ca\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u8ba1\u5212\u914d\u7535\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7535\u529b\u50a8\u80fd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u53d1\u7535\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3002
在原料方面，我国多晶硅进口占总需求的50%以上。大多数多晶硅生产电耗目前在190千瓦时/千克以上，单位成本并不具备很强的市场竞争力。硅锭、硅片产业对上游多晶硅的依赖，导致部分企业开工不足。归根到底可以归结为一个原因--缺乏自主核心技术。中国公司研发投入占营业额的比例远远落后于发达国家。尚德在国内企业中研发投入比例最高，但是也只有0.8%，发达国家最低的比例是1.4%。中国的专利申请更多的集中在硅片、硅锭的制造上面。日本及欧美国家的太阳能专利一半以上集中在太阳能光伏材料领域，而我国专利在相关技术领域只占1/3。中国在高纯硅领域的专利申请远远落后于发达国家，很难占据技术领先地位。
在市场方面，中国太阳能光伏产品90%都是出口，只有10%是国内市场需求。市场的缺失直接导致我国光伏企业无法参与规则、标准的制定。我国光伏产品进入欧美市场，必须将样品送到欧美进行美国的UL标准或欧盟的IEC标准认证。此过程耗时长达10个月甚至一年。标准的修订与更新国内企业只能被动接受，欧美光伏企业在国内销售则无须任何认证，间接削弱了国内企业的竞争力。缺乏市场的另一危害是国际市场的任何变动都能够直接影响到我国的整个光伏产业。
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绛旓細2011骞翠互鏉ワ紝鎴戝浗澶槼鑳鐢垫睜鐗囦骇閲忚妯＄ǔ姝ユ彁鍗囥傛嵁涓浗鍏変紡鍗忎細缁熻鏁版嵁鏄剧ず锛2021骞翠腑鍥界數姹犵墖浜ч噺涓198GW锛岃緝2020骞寸殑135GW澧為暱46.9%銆2022骞翠笂鍗婂勾锛屽浗鍐呯數姹犵墖浜ч噺绾135.5GW锛屽悓姣斿闀46.6%銆備腑鍥藉お闃宠兘鐢垫睜鐗囦骇閲忓崰鍏ㄧ悆姣旈噸閫艰繎涔濇垚 2015-2021骞达紝涓浗澶槼鑳界數姹犵墖浜ч噺鍗犲叏鐞冪殑姣旈噸閫愬勾涓婃定銆2015...
绛旓細1銆鍏変紡鍙戠數琛屼笟鎶鏈彂灞曠棝鐐 (1)纭呭熀鍏変紡鐢垫睜:P鍨嬬數姹犺浆鎹㈡晥鐜囦綆 鐢变簬鐢垫睜鐗囩殑鍏夌數杞崲鏁堢巼鐩存帴褰卞搷鏁翠釜鍏変紡绯荤粺鐨勬晥鐩,鍥犳鍏変紡鐢垫睜鐨勫厜鐢佃浆鎹㈡晥鐜囧崄鍒嗛噸瑕,鍏夌數杞崲鏁堢巼鐨勬彁鍗囦富瑕佷緷闈犳妧鏈洿鏂版崲浠ｃ傜幇闃舵,鏅剁鍏変紡鐢垫睜闈复鐫杞崲鏁堢巼杈冧綆鐨勯棶棰,灏ゅ叾鏄疨鍨嬬數姹犮 鎹痉鍥藉搱姊呮灄澶槼鑳鐮旂┒鎵(ISFH),PERC鐢垫睜鐨勭悊璁烘瀬...
绛旓細鍦ㄥ競鍦烘柟闈紝涓浗澶槼鑳藉厜浼浜у搧90%閮芥槸鍑哄彛锛屽彧鏈10%鏄浗鍐呭競鍦洪渶姹傘傚競鍦虹殑缂哄け鐩存帴瀵艰嚧鎴戝浗鍏変紡浼佷笟鏃犳硶鍙備笌瑙勫垯銆佹爣鍑嗙殑鍒跺畾銆傛垜鍥藉厜浼忎骇鍝佽繘鍏ユ缇庡競鍦猴紝蹇呴』灏嗘牱鍝侀佸埌娆х編杩涜缇庡浗鐨刄L鏍囧噯鎴栨鐩熺殑IEC鏍囧噯璁よ瘉銆傛杩囩▼鑰楁椂闀胯揪10涓湀鐢氳嚦涓骞淬傛爣鍑嗙殑淇涓庢洿鏂板浗鍐呬紒涓氬彧鑳借鍔ㄦ帴鍙楋紝娆х編鍏変紡浼佷笟鍦ㄥ浗鍐...
绛旓細1.棰勮鍥犺ˉ璐村彉鍖栧鑷寸殑鍛ㄦ湡鎬у皢閫愭娑堥锛岃涓氫粠澶у皬骞寸殑瓒嬪娍閫愭鍙樹负骞崇ǔ澧為暱鐨勬垚闀挎ц涓氾紝琛屼笟澧為暱涓灑鍏峰涓婄Щ鍩虹锛屾湭鏉ヤ簲骞村鍚堝閫熸湁鏈涜揪鍒20%銆2.銆澶槼鑳鍙戝睍鈥滃崄涓変簲鈥濊鍒掋嬫彁鍑哄埌2020骞村簳锛屽お闃宠兘鍙戠數瑁呮満杈惧埌1.1浜垮崈鐡︿互涓婏紝鍏朵腑鍏変紡鍙戠數瑁呮満杈惧埌1.05浜垮崈鐡︿互涓娿 3.棰勮鍒2021骞村勾鏈紝鎴戝浗...
绛旓細寰楃泭浜庡椤瑰埄濂芥斂绛栨壎鎸佸拰鍏変紡鍙戠數骞充环涓婄綉鐨勫疄鐜帮紝鎴戝浗閫愭笎鎴愪负鍏ㄧ悆鏈閲嶈鐨勫厜浼忎骇涓氱敓浜у強搴旂敤甯傚満涔嬩竴銆傝繎骞存潵锛屾垜鍥藉厜浼忚鏈洪噺绱鏂板鍛堢幇绋虫涓婂崌鐨勮秼鍔裤傛嵁涓浗鐢靛姏浼佷笟鑱斿悎浼氭暟鎹粺璁★紝2021骞存垜鍥藉厜浼忚鏈洪噺绱鏂板5493涓囧崈鐡;鎴嚦8鏈堬紝2022骞存垜鍥藉厜浼忚鏈洪噺绱鏂板4447涓囧崈鐡︺傚厜浼忎骇涓氫唬琛ㄦт紒涓氫骇鑳/...
绛旓細鎴嚦2020骞存垜鍥藉厜浼忓競鍦虹疮璁¤鏈洪噺涓253GW锛2020骞存柊澧炶鏈洪噺涓48.2GW锛屽悓姣斿闀60%銆2020骞存垜鍥鍏変紡鍙戠數閲忎负2605 kWh锛屽悓姣斿闀16.2%锛屽崰鎬诲彂鐢甸噺姣旈噸3.5%銆2020骞存垜鍥藉厜浼忔柊澧炶鏈轰腑闆嗕腑寮忚鏈32.7GW 2020骞存垜鍥藉厜浼忔柊澧炶鏈哄閲忎负48.2GW锛屽叾涓泦涓紡瑁呮満32.7GW锛屽垎甯冨紡瑁呮満15.5GW銆傗斺旀洿澶氭暟鎹...
