英语单词词性与后缀的关系归纳 英语中什么词(词性)后跟什么词(词性)总结归纳
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2.以-mit结尾的动词,将-mit变为-miss再加 -ible。如:permit→permissible(可允许的)
3.以-nd结尾的动词,将-nd变为-ns再加-ible,如:respond→responsible(有责任的),defend→defensible(能防御的)
4.加-able的动词远比加-ible的多,且-able为活性后缀,如要构成这一意义的新词时,都是加 -able。
5.一般以"e"结尾的动词,去掉"e"再加-able。如:erase→erasable(可擦掉的),deceive→deceivable(可欺的)
也有直接加的,如:change→changeable(可变化的),service→serviceable(有用的)
6.动词以辅音加y结尾,y变i加able。如:deny→deniable(可否认的),rely→reliable(可靠的)
ⅱ.后缀-ize(-ise)
后缀-ize(-ise)可以加在名词或形容词的后面构成动词,表示"照……样子做"、"按……方式处理"、"使成为……"、"变成……状态"、"……化"的意思。例如:dramatic(戏剧的)→dramatize(改编成剧本), modern(现代的)→modernize(现代化),organ(组织)→organize(组织起来),civil(文明的)→civilize(使文明,变为文明),system(系统)→sys- temize(系统化),normal(正常的)→ normalize(使正常化),equal(平等的)→equalize(使平等,使相等)
注意某些以-y结尾的词,加 -ize(-ise)后缀时,要去掉-y再加-ize(-ise),例如: sympathy(同情心)→sympathize(同情,表同情)
ⅲ.后缀-ful,-ous,-ent,-ant后缀-ful,-ous,-ent,-ant均为形容词后缀。可以直接加在动词或名词的后面构成形容词。一般来说,动词加后缀-ful,-ous,-ent,-ant构成的形容词表示主动意义。
1. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意
accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
2. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize,
mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken,
soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify,
intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish,
establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate,
operate, indicate
3. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→
carefully小心地
-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的
(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北
方地
4. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:
worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy,
diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程
度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程"
frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility,
flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom,
wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood,
manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过
程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion,
destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为"
socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality,
ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果
treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness,
tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”
hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth,
truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(
海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure,
failure, procedure(手续),
17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography,
calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics,
electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology,
technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy,
bionomy(生态学)
绛旓細(1)甯︽湁鈥滃睘鎬э紝鍊惧悜锛岀浉鍏斥濈殑鍚箟 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)鍚嶈瘝-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(娉ㄦ剰 accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)鍚嶈瘝-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome ...
绛旓細鈪诧紟鍚庣紑-ful锛-ous锛-ent锛-ant鍚庣紑-ful锛-ous锛-ent锛-ant鍧囦负褰㈠璇嶅悗缂銆傚彲浠ョ洿鎺ュ姞鍦ㄥ姩璇嶆垨鍚嶈瘝鐨勫悗闈㈡瀯鎴愬舰瀹硅瘝銆備竴鑸潵璇达紝鍔ㄨ瘝鍔犲悗缂-ful锛-ous锛-ent锛-ant鏋勬垚鐨勫舰瀹硅瘝琛ㄧず涓诲姩鎰忎箟銆
绛旓細1. -able 褰㈠璇嶅悗缂锛岃〃绀鸿兘琚...鐨勶紝鍙...鐨勶紝鍙互鍔犲湪璁稿鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝涔嬪悗銆俰ble鏄痑ble鐨勫紓浣擄紝灞炰簬鍘熺敓璇嶇紑锛屽彧鑳藉姞鍦ㄨ瘝鏍规垨璇嶅共鍚庯紝鏈夋椂璇嶆牴闇瑕佺粡杩囧彉褰㈡墠鍙互涓巌ble缁撳悎銆俛ble鐨勪緥瀛愶細adjustable 鍙皟鑺傜殑 exchangeable 鍙氦鎹㈢殑銆俰ble鐨勪緥瀛愶細audible 鍚緱瑙佺殑 credible 鍙俊璧栫殑銆2. -age 鍚...
绛旓細adj. / a. 褰㈠璇 鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪涓绫荤墿璐ㄧ殑鎬ц川,鐘舵,澶栬矊,鎴栦汉鐨勬ф牸鐗圭偣,鎬ц川,鍝佹牸 濡:big,happy adv. / ad. 鍓瘝 鐢ㄦ潵淇グ鍔ㄤ綔鎴栧舰瀹硅瘝,涓鑸湪鍙ュ瓙涓仛鐘惰鐢 琛ㄧず鍔ㄤ綔鐨勮繘琛屾庢牱,鎴栬〃绀虹▼搴,鐗圭偣,濡:clearly,happily prep. 浠嬭瘝 杩炴帴鍦扮偣,鏃堕棿鐨勪竴绫昏瘝璇,鍙互琛ㄧず鏂逛綅,鏃堕棿.璺熶竴浜涜〃绀烘椂闂,鍦扮偣鐨...
绛旓細鑻辫鍗曡瘝涓鑸敱涓夐儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶細璇嶆牴銆佸墠缂鍜屽悗缂銆 璇嶆牴鍐冲畾鍗曡瘝鎰忔濓紝鍓嶇紑鏀瑰彉鍗曡瘝璇嶄箟锛屽悗缂鍐冲畾鍗曡瘝璇嶆銆 姣斿possible鍙兘鐨勫姞鍓嶇紑im鍙樻垚impossible涓嶅彲鑳界殑锛屾敼鍙樹簡鍗曡瘝鐨勬剰鎬 friend鍔犲悗缂-ly鍙樻垚friendly鏈夊ソ鐨勶紝鏀瑰彉浜嗚瘝鎬с 鎵╁睍璧勬枡 甯歌鐨勫墠缂锛1锛dis锛嶅姞鍦ㄥ悕璇嶃佸舰瀹硅瘝锛屽姩璇嶄箣鍓銆俤isadva...
绛旓細鑻辫鍗曡瘝鍔鍚庣紑涓鑸笉浼氭敼鍙樺崟璇嶆湰韬殑鎰忔,鑰屾槸鏀瑰彉鍗曡瘝鐨勮瘝鎬,濡:suggest vt. sugguestion n.improve vt. improvement n.care n. careful adj .
绛旓細鍒ゆ柇涓涓鑻辫鍗曡瘝鐨勮瘝鎬鍙互閫氳繃鍏鍚庣紑鍒ゆ柇锛屽叿浣撳悗缂绉嶇被濡備笅锛1.鍚嶈瘍鍚庣紑 锛1锛-or/er/ess/crat/cis:鍋氭煇浠朵簨鎯呮垨鑱屼笟鐨勪汉鎴栫墿: worker锛 debtor 锛2锛-acy锛岃〃绀衡滄ц川锛岀姸鎬侊紝澧冮亣鈥漝emocracy锛 accuracy锛 diplomacy 锛3锛-ance锛 -ence琛ㄧず鈥滄ц川锛岀姸鍐碉紝琛屼负锛岃繃绋嬶紝鎬婚噺锛岀▼搴︹漣mportance锛...
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绛旓細鍚嶈瘝鍚庣紑涓鑸湁 -er/or/ess,-ency/ancy锛-ment -tion -sion - al -ant -ent -dom -ee -ship 绛夛紝濡 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:鍋氭煇浠朵簨鎯呮垨鑱屼笟鐨勪汉鎴栫墿锛歸orker,debtor 2)-acy,琛ㄧず/鎬ц川,鐘舵,澧冮亣/ democracy,accuracy,diplomacy 3)-ance,-ence琛ㄧず/鎬ц川,鐘跺喌,琛屼负,鎬婚噺,绋嬪害/ ...
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