求初中词语固定搭配的词组,以及英语句子成分
一、动词+介词1．look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2．listen to…听……
3．welcome to…欢迎到……
4．say hello to …向……问好
5．speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后.
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：
A．动词（vt.）+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面.
B．动词（vi）+副词.
1．come on赶快 2．get up起床 3．go home回家
4．come in进来 5．sit down坐下 6．stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语.
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语.现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类.
1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着…….
2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等.
3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间.
4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”.
5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”.
6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”.
7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the.
8．at + 时刻表示钟点.
9．like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”.
10．of短语表示所属关系.
11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所.
12．from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”.
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握.如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等.
[重点句型大回放]
1．I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型.其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3．take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人.
4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”,必须是两者中.
5．Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.
7．What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等.about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式.
8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式.
9．like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点.
12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”.
[重点短语快速复习]
1.kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5. take a seat 就坐
6. home cooking 家常做法
7. be famous for 因……而著名
8. on ones'way to在……途中
9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
11. wait for 等待
12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去
14. just then 正在那时
15. first of all 首先,第一
16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗
19. get on 上车
20. get off 下车
21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23. at the head of……在……的前头
24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢,抛散
26. in fact 实际上
27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架
30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32. have a headache 头痛
33. as soon as… 一……就……
34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事
35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三地,反复地
38. wake up 醒来,叫醒
39. instead of 代替
40. look over 检查
41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末
44. on time 按时
45. out of从……向外
46. all by oneself 独立,单独
47. lots of=a lot of 许多
48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49. get back 回来,取回
50. sooner or later迟早
51. run away 逃跑
52. eat up 吃光,吃完
53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾,照料
56. think of 考虑到,想起
57. keep a diary 坚持写日记
58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害
60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）
61. turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1．So + be／助动词／情牵动词／主语．
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人（物）也如此.”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be／助动词／情态动词+主语．”这种倒装结构.
注意：“So+主语+be／助动词／情态动词．”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此.”“是呀.”
2．Turn right／left at the first／second／…crossing.
这一指路的句型意为“在第一／二／……个十字路口向右／左拐.”相当于Take the first ／second／…turning on theright／left.
3．It takes sb．some time to do sth．
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间.”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语.
4．…think／find + it + adj. + to do sth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语.
5．What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6．too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…（太……而不能……）进行句型转换.
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.
7．Sorry to hear that.
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过（遗憾）.”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意.
[重点句型、词组大盘点]
1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师.
[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意.
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.
[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事.
2.…return it sooner or later.
……迟早要将它归还.
[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”.
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.
[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back.
3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句.
[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有：
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语.
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习（做）某事”.
[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”；put a plan into practice实行某计划.
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动.
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”.
2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动.
3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”.
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼.
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”.
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
常用动词短语
1.have: have a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain have a great effect on
have a good time have a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth
have no choice but to do sth have a rest have on
2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to do sth make a living make up one’s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology make it a rule
make it make into make…out of… make up
make of make from make a call
3.take: take a seat take a message for take an interest in
take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do
take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part in
take place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine
take up
4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a go
go skating\fishing\shopping\swimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go out
go over go against go without go on a picnic go through
5.get: get down to doing sth get hurt\married\dressed\caught
get over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing
get used to doing sth get rid of get tired of
6.put: put on put forward put off put out
put up put on weight put away put down
7.play: play an important part in play an important role in
play football play the piano
8.keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off keep out
keep one’s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doing
keep on doing keep order
9.give: give away give out give off give up
give in give some advice on… give a talk on sth give first aid
10.come: come about come across come on come out
come to oneself come true come up
11.bring: bring down bring in bring up bring along
12.break: break down break out break away from
break up break into break off break in
13.turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn on
turn up turn out to…
14.look: look out look up look down upon look after
look at look for look around look over look as if
look forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on
15.do: do sb a favour do up do one’s hair do a good deed do wrong
1.弄清词语自身结构用法学生做题时往往仅限于依据词语的中文含义,简单对照.这样就造成了许多中文正确,而英语结构上的错误.如“允许某人干某事”,allow sb to do sth,而不可用做agree sb to do sth.“同意干某事”说allow doing sth.而agree却应为agree to do sth.再如:“希望某人去干某事”expect sb to do sth.不可说为hopesbtodosth.“建议某人去干某事”,说advise sb to do.就不可说是suggest sb to do sth.这是根据动词自身的基本用法而决定的.这些更需要学习中不断积累.
下面是一些常用动词的不同结构用法：
A.以下动词与不定式连用即afford to do sth .afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,failhappen,
help,
hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish
B.以下动词与动名词连用即admit doing sth admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,can’t help,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,mind,miss,
order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest
C.以下动词与不定式复合结构连用即advise sb to do sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,
long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc.let,have,make,(使役动词后的不定式去掉to)see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel(感官动词后的不定式去掉to)
继续追问：
句子成分
补充回答： 太多鸟,是要每个都造句么?- -
继续追问： 额……不是,讲讲成分主要是什么,每个给几个例句就成 补充回答： sorry 这么多个,我会累死的><
补充回答： 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等.
顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定.
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视.
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.
一般可分为两类：
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成.
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习.
2),复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语.
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士.
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语.
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水.
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如：
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长.
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生.
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的.
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦.
7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如：make(使...),ask(请)等等.如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国.这不是一句完整的话.应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽.这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态.英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等.
句子的类型：
1.主语+谓语
2.主语+谓语+状语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+系动词+表语
5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
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绛旓細1. look at鈥︾湅鈥, look like 鈥 鐪嬩笂鍘诲儚鈥︹, look after 鈥︾収鏂欌2. listen to鈥﹀惉鈥︹3. welcome to鈥︽杩庡埌鈥︹4. say hello to 鈥﹀悜鈥︹﹂棶濂 5. speak to鈥﹀鈥︹﹁璇 浜屻佸姩璇+鍓瘝 A. 鍔ㄨ瘝锛坴t.锛+鍓瘝 1. put on 绌夸笂 2. take off鑴变笅 3. write down璁颁笅 B. 鍔ㄨ瘝...
绛旓細甯繖鎵句竴涓鍒濅腑鑻辫(鍒濅竴鍒板垵涓)鐨鍥哄畾鎼厤銆佸拰璇嶇粍銆併佽阿璋㈠ぇ瀹躲佹墍鏈夌殑璋㈣阿銆併 灞曞紑 5涓洖绛 #鐑# 鐢熸椿涓湁鍝簺鎴愮樉椋熺墿?鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛 2010-01-10 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 adviseadvice sb (not) to do sth 寤鸿鏌愪汉(鍒)鍋氭煇浜媋dvise doing sth 寤鸿鏌愪簨advicegive sb some advice 缁欐煇浜轰竴浜涘缓璁產sk for adcice 寰佹眰鎰忚...
绛旓細1. put down 鏀句笅 shut down 鎶娾﹀叧涓 cut down 鐮嶆帀 come down 涓嬫潵銆佽惤涓 slow down 鍑忕紦銆佹斁鎱 sit down 鍧愪笅 write down 鍐欎笅 get down 涓嬫潵,闄嶈惤 2. after all 姣曠珶.缁堢┒ after that 浜庢槸.鐒跺悗 day after day 鏃ュ涓鏃ュ湴 one after another 鐩哥户.鎸ㄦ soon after ...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鑻辫璇嶇粍鍥哄畾鎼厤濡備笅锛afford to do sth. 璐熸媴寰楄捣鍋氭煇浜嬨俛gree to do sth. 鍚屾剰鍋氭煇浜嬨俛rrange to do sth. 瀹夋帓鍋氭煇浜銆俛sk to do sth. 瑕佹眰鍋氭煇浜嬨俠eg to do sth. 璇锋眰鍋氭煇浜嬨俢are to do sth. 鎯宠鍋氭煇浜嬨俢hoose to do sth. 閫夋嫨鍋氭煇浜嬨俤ecide to do sth. 鍐冲畾鍋氭煇浜嬨俤eman...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鑻辫甯歌璇嶇粍鍥哄畾鎼厤 鍥哄畾鎼厤鏄巻骞翠腑鑰冭冨療棰戠巼鏈楂樼殑鑰冪偣锛屼负浜嗗府鍔╁ぇ瀹讹紝鎴戝垎浜簡涓浜涘垵涓父瑙佸浐瀹氭惌閰嶏紝甯屾湜鑳藉澶у鏈夋墍甯姪!(A)鍔ㄨ瘝+ 浠嬭瘝 agree with鍚屾剰...鐨勬剰瑙(鎯虫硶);绗﹀悎 help ... with ...甯姪(鏌愪汉)鍋(鏌愪簨)listen to鍚... get to鍒拌揪... fall off (浠...)鎺変笅 base...
绛旓細(涓)鐢眀e鏋勬垚鐨勮瘝缁 1)be back/in/out 鍥炴潵/鍦ㄥ/澶栧嚭 2)be at home/work 鍦ㄥ/涓婄彮 3)be good at 鍠勪簬锛屾搮闀夸簬 4)be careful of 褰撳績锛屾敞鎰忥紝浠旂粏 5)be covered with 琚︹﹀鐩 6)be ready for 涓衡︹︿綔濂藉噯澶 7)be surprised (at) 瀵光︹︽劅鍒版儕璁 8)be interested in 瀵光︹...
绛旓細浣嗗壇璇,鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶅畾寮,浠嬭瘝鐭绛変綔瀹氳鏃,鍒欐斁鍦ㄨ淇グ鐨勮瘝涔嬪悗. Thebikeintheroomismine.鎴块棿閲岀殑鑷杞︽槸鎴戠殑. 6銆佺姸璇 淇グ鍔ㄨ瘝,褰㈠璇,鍓瘝浠ュ強鍏ㄥ彞鐨勫彞瀛愭垚鍒,鍙仛鐘惰.鐢ㄤ綔鐘惰鐨勯氬父鏄壇璇,浠嬭瘝鐭,涓嶅畾寮忓拰浠庡彞绛.鐘惰涓鑸斁鍦ㄨ淇グ鐨勮瘝涔嬪悗鎴栨斁鍦ㄥ彞灏.鍓瘝浣滅姸璇椂鍙斁鍦ㄨ淇グ鐨勮瘝鍓嶆垨鍙ラ. ...
绛旓細璇嶇粍鍥哄畾鎼厤鐨閲嶈鎬 1銆佹彁楂樿瑷鍑嗙‘鎬э細鍥哄畾鎼厤鐨勭敤娉曞浐瀹氾紝鍙互甯姪瀛︾敓鍑嗙‘鍦拌〃杈句粬浠殑鎰忔濓紝閬垮厤浣跨敤鍗曡瘝鐨勯敊璇垨涓嶄竴鑷寸殑鐢ㄦ硶銆2銆佹彁楂樿瑷娴佸埄搴︼細鐔熸倝鍥哄畾鎼厤鐨勭敤娉曞彲浠ュ府鍔╁鐢熸洿蹇湴鎬濊冨拰琛ㄨ揪浠栦滑鐨勬剰鎬濓紝鎻愰珮璇█鐨勬祦鍒╁害鍜岃嚜鐒跺害銆3銆佷赴瀵岃瘝姹囩Н绱細瀛︿範鍜岃蹇嗗父瑙佺殑鍥哄畾鎼厤涔熷彲浠ュ府鍔╁鐢...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鑻辫甯歌鍥哄畾鎼厤(涓)鍔-ingenjoy / like doing sth 鍠滄鍋--- spend...(in) doing sth 鍦ㄥ仛---鑺辫垂--- try doing 璇曠潃鍋--- be busy doing sth 蹇欎簬鍋---finish doing sth 瀹屾垚鍋--- look forward to + doing sth 鏈熷緟鍋---(鐜板湪杩涜鏃)be doing 姝ｅ湪鍋--- Thank you for (doing) sth...
