英语倒装句怎么用?什么时候用?
英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”.但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语移到主语之前,称为倒装.英语的倒装结构有两种,其中较为常见的是部分倒装,即谓语的一部分移到主语之前.
如：Only when the war was over could he begin to work again．
只有在战争结束后他才能够重新开始工作.
另一种倒装是完全倒装结构,即把谓语的全部都移到主语之前.如：
1．Here comes the bus．公共汽车来了.
2．“But what the child said is true.” said the father．“可是孩子的话是对的.”父亲说.
下面详细归纳几种常用的倒装结构.
一、几种常见的部分倒装结构：
1．Only＋状语或者状语从句放在句首.如：
Only in this way can we improve our English．只有这样,我们才能提高英语水平.
Only after you left did l find this bag．只是在你离开以后我才发现这只提包.
2．含否定意义并修饰全句的词放在句首.如：not,little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等等.如：
1）Seldom do I go to work by bus． 我很少乘公共汽车上班.
2）Never shall I forget it． 我永远不会忘记这件事.
3）No sooner had I got home than it began to rain． 我刚一到家,天就开始下雨.
3．So放在句首,跟在一个肯定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物.如：
1）l like travelling．So does he．我喜欢旅行,他也喜欢.
2）Her father is a doctor．So is her mother．她父亲是位医生,她母亲也是.
3）He has been to Beijing twice．So have I．他去过北京两次,我也去过两次.
4．Neither,nor或no more放在句首,作“也不”讲,跟在一个否定句之后,表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物.例如：
1）My teacher didn't agree with him．Nor did I．老师不同意他的意见,我也不同意.
2）I'm not interested in maths．Neither is he．我对数学不感兴趣,他也同样.
注：当前面陈述句有两个以上不同类型的谓语动词时,如be,do或can等等,或者既有肯定式又有否定式时,如have和hasn't等等,不能单独使用so或者neither／nor,而应换用另外的句型结构：
A：So it is with…；
B：It is the same with….请见例句：
1）—I like chicken, but I don't like fish． ——我喜欢吃鸡肉,但不喜欢吃鱼.
—So it is with me． ——我也如此.
2）Tom is an American,but lives in China,it is the same with Jack．
汤姆是美国人,但他住在中国.杰克也如此.
5．副词often,短语many a time,或者so修饰形容词或副词、位于句首时.例如：
1） So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment．
在这次事故中他伤得很重,被送进医院治疗.
2）So hard does he work that he has no time to spare for travelling．
他那么努力工作,抽不出时间去旅行.
6．虚拟条件句省略if时,将were,should或had移到主语之前.如：
1）Should it rain,all the crops would be saved．若是下雨的话,庄稼就都得救了.
2）Were my teacher here,he would give some good advice．
我的老师如果在这儿,他会提些好建议的.
3）Hadn't it been for his help,we wouldn't have finished the work in time．
若非有他帮忙,我们就不能及时完成工作.
7．以May…或Long live…开头的某些表示祝愿的用语.如：
1）May God bless you．愿上帝保佑你!
2）May you succeed!祝你成功!
3）Long live the people's Republic of China!
8．由as though引导的表示“虽然”,“尽管”的让步状语从句用倒装语序时,把从句的表语或状语等放在as／though的前面.例如：
1） Young as／though she was, she could work out that problem alone．
虽然她很小,但她却能独自解出那道难题.
2）Child as／though he is, he is very brave．尽管他是个孩子,但他却非常勇敢.
注意：如果从句中的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词.
二、几种常见的完全倒装结构
1．there be句型：有时该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be.如：live,remain,come,stand,go,lie,exist等等.
1）There is a lamp and two cups on the table．桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子.
2）There used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店.
3）Once upon a time there lived six blind men in a village in India．
从前在印度的一个村子里住着六位盲人.
2．主语必须是名词由here,there now, then等词开头的句子.如：
1）Here are some interesting stories for you to read这儿有些有趣的故事给你读.
2）There goes the bell．铃声响了.
3．表示方位的介词、副词放在句首.如：out,in,up,down,away等词.但应注意：句子的主语应是名词,若主语是代词,则不能倒装.如：
1）Out rushed the soldiers． 战士们冲了出去.
2）Away went the boy． 那男孩走开了.
请比较：
3）Away he went．他走开了.
4）Here he comes．他来了.
4．为了保持句子平衡,强调表语和状语,使句子上下紧密衔接.如：
1）At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree．
在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏.
2）Round the corner came a motorcycle． 一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来.
5．直接引语位于句首.如：
1）“I love you ,”whispered John． “我爱你.”约翰悄悄地说道.
2）“Help!Help!”cried the boy in the water. 水中的男孩大声呼喊着“救命啊!”
倒装结构是语言的一种表达形式,除了上述各种情况需要倒装以外,还有些被强调部分也常常可以提到句首,形成倒装.例如：
This they kept for themselves．这东西他们就据为己有了.
因此,如果正确使用倒装结构,可以使语言表达平地生辉.
绛旓細She knows little English锛宻o she does锛 濂鑻辫鎳傚緱涓嶅銆傚ス鐨勭‘濡傛銆備簩锛庨儴鍒鍊掕 1锛庣敤浜庣枒闂彞涓傚锛欻ow did you do that锛烡id you see the film yesterday锛2锛庣敤浜庣渷鐣f鐨勮櫄鎷熸潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑銆傚鏋滄垜浠皢杩炶瘝if鐪佺暐锛屽簲鎶妛ere锛 had锛宻hould鎻愬埌涓昏鍓嶉潰銆傚锛欼f you had come yesterday...
绛旓細鑻辫鍙ュ瓙浣跨敤鐨勭洰鐨勶紝鍙垎涓哄洓澶х被锛氶檲杩板彞銆佺枒闂彞銆佺浣垮彞鍜屾劅鍙瑰彞銆傝繖鍥涘ぇ绫诲瀷鍙ュ瓙閮芥湁鍙兘鍑虹幇鍊掕鍙銆傚掕鍙ュ垎涓哄叏鍊掕鍜岄儴鍒嗗掕涓ょ绫诲瀷銆傛祬鏋愬涓嬶細涓銆佺枒闂彞涓嚭鐜扮殑鍊掕鍙 1. 鐗规畩鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑 锛1锛塛hat is this?锛堝叏鍊掕锛夛紙2锛塛hich do you want?锛堥儴鍒嗗掕锛2. 涓鑸枒闂彞 锛1锛塂o ...
绛旓細鍦ㄦ柊闂绘垨鏂囧鍒涗綔涓,鏈夋椂涓轰簡鍐呭鐨勯渶瑕,鎴栨槸涓轰簡寮鸿皟,浣滆呭父甯歌繍鐢鍊掕鏉ュ埗閫犳偓蹇,娓叉煋姘旀皼銆傚:Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 澧欎笂鎸傜潃涓骞呯簿缇庣殑鍥剧敾銆傚洓銆 骞宠 缁撴瀯 鑻辫淇緸鐨勪竴涓噸瑕佸師鍒欐槸灏鹃噸鍘熷垯,鍗虫妸鍙ュ瓙鏈澶嶆潅鐨勬垚鍒嗘斁鍦ㄥ彞灏句互淇濇寔鍙ュ瓙骞宠 銆傚湪璇█浣跨敤涓负浜嗛伩鍏嶄骇鐢熷ご閲...
绛旓細鍊掕璇簭鍒嗕负鍏ㄩ儴鍊掕鍜岄儴鍒嗗掕锛屽叏閮ㄥ掕缁撴瀯鏄皳璇姩璇嶆彁鍓嶈嚦涓昏涔嬪墠锛岄儴鍒嗗掕缁撴瀯鏄姪鍔ㄨ瘝鎴栨儏鎬佸姩璇嶆彁鑷充富璇箣鍓嶏紝鑰岃皳璇姩璇嶄綅缃笉鍙樸備竴銆佸叏閮ㄥ掕锛氳皳璇姩璇嶆彁鍓嶈嚦涓昏涔嬪墠涓哄叏閮ㄥ掕銆傚綋棣栧彞涓烘柟浣嶆垨鏃堕棿鍓瘝锛岃皳璇姩璇嶄负go锛宑ome绛夋椂閫氬父鐢ㄥ叏閮ㄥ掕銆備緥锛歍hen one day a few years ago, out ...
绛旓細浣犲彧瑕佽浣忚繖绉嶈寰嬪氨鑳芥妸鍊掕鍙瀛﹀ソ銆備笅闈㈢粰浣犲掕鍙ョ殑褰掔撼锛岃浣忚寰嬫寜鐓ц瑙ｇ殑瑕佹眰鍘荤敤灏辫銆 鍊掕鍙ョ敤娉曞綊绾 涓銆佸畬鍏ㄥ掕 1锛 鍦═here be 鍙ュ瀷涓 2锛 鐢ㄤ簬 鈥 here (there, now, then)+ 涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇+涓昏鈥 鐨勫彞鍨嬩腑锛屾垨浠 up, down, out, in, away, off, ahead绛夊壇璇嶅紑澶寸殑鍙ュ瓙閲...
绛旓細In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.鏃犺濡備綍鎴戜篃涓嶄細鍐嶅熼挶缁欎粬浜嗐備絾鏄紝in no time(绔嬪嵆锛岄┈涓)浣嶄簬鍙ラ鏃讹紝鍏跺悗鏃犻渶鐢鍊掕璇簭锛欼n no time he worked out the problem. 浠栭┈涓婂氨绠楀嚭浜嗛偅閬撻銆2.鈥渙nly+鐘惰鈥濅綅浜庡彞棣栨椂鐨勫掕 褰撲竴涓姸璇彈鍓瘝only鐨勪慨楗颁笖缃簬鍙...
绛旓細鍊掕鍙鍒嗕负鍏ㄥ掕鍜岄儴鍒嗗掕涓ょ绫诲瀷銆鑻辫鍙ュ瓙浣跨敤鐨勭洰鐨勶紝鍙垎涓哄洓澶х被锛氶檲杩板彞銆佺枒闂彞銆佺浣垮彞鍜屾劅鍙瑰彞銆傝繖鍥涘ぇ绫诲瀷鍙ュ瓙閮芥湁鍙兘鍑虹幇鍊掕鍙ャ傛祬鏋愬涓嬶細涓銆佺枒闂彞涓嚭鐜扮殑鍊掕鍙 1. 鐗规畩鐤戦棶鍙ヤ腑 锛1锛塛hat is this?锛堝叏鍊掕锛夛紙2锛塛hich do you want?锛堥儴鍒嗗掕锛2. 涓鑸枒闂彞 锛1锛塂o ...
绛旓細绛旀D. 鐪嬪埌Not until鈥︾殑鍙ュ瀷锛屾垜浠煡閬撲负涓鍊掕鍙锛岀瓟妗堝湪C锛孌 涓変竴涓傛敼鍐欎负姝ｅ父璇簭涓猴紝Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 鐜板湪灏唍ot鎻愬墠锛屽悗闈㈠氨涓嶈兘鍐嶇敤鍚﹀畾浜,鍚﹀垯鎰忔濆氨鍙樹簡銆3 浠ュ惁瀹氳瘝寮澶翠綔閮ㄥ垎鍊掕 濡 Not only鈥ut also, Hardly/Scarcely...
绛旓細1. 瑙ｇ瓟: 杩欏彞璇濇湕璇绘椂娌℃湁鐗规畩鐨勫湴鏂癸紝鍙渶瑕佹妸姣忎釜璇嶄緷娆¤鍑烘潵鍗冲彲锛岄噸璇诲崟璇嶆槸present锛屽叾浣欓兘鏄潪閲嶈鐨勩傝繖鍙ヨ瘽閲岄潰鏈変竴涓壒娈婄殑璇硶鐜拌薄鈥鍊掕鍙銆傚湴鐐瑰壇璇峢ere浣嶄簬鍙ラ锛屽紩璧峰姩璇峣s涓庡悕璇嶄富璇瓂our present鍊掕銆傛甯歌搴忓簲璇ユ槸Your present is here.2. 璇硶: 鑻辫涓煇浜涘湴鐐瑰壇璇嶇疆浜庡彞棣栨椂...
绛旓細3. 濡備綍璇嗗埆鍜岃繍鐢鍊掕鍙 璇嗗埆鍊掕鍙ヤ富瑕佷緷璧栦簬鍙ュ瓙鐨勮搴忓拰甯歌鐨勮澧冦傚湪鍐欎綔鍜屽彛璇腑杩愮敤鍊掕鍙ユ椂锛屽簲娉ㄦ剰鏍规嵁璇閫夋嫨鍚堥傜殑鍊掕褰㈠紡锛屽苟閬垮厤婊ョ敤锛屼互淇濇寔鍙ュ瓙鐨勮嚜鐒跺拰娴佺晠銆傛帉鎻″掕鍙ョ殑鍚堢悊浣跨敤锛屽彲浠ヤ娇璇█鏇村姞鐢熷姩銆佸瘜鏈夎〃鐜板姏銆傛讳箣锛鑻辫涓殑鍊掕鍙ユ槸涓绉嶇壒娈婄殑鍙ュ紡锛岄氳繃棰犲掓甯哥殑璇簭杈惧埌鐗瑰畾鐨...
