英语语法初一总结 初一英语语法总结
\u521d\u4e00\u4e0a\u5b66\u671f\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u603b\u7ed31. \u540d\u8bcd
\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Proper Nouns\uff09\u548c\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd (Common Nouns\uff09\uff0c\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\uff08\u4e9b\uff09\u4eba\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u4e13\u6709\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982Beijing\uff0cChina\u7b49\u3002\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1abook\uff0csadness\u7b49\u3002\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0b\u9762\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a
1\uff09\u4e2a\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Individual Nouns\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u4e1c\u897f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\uff1agun\u3002
2\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Collective Nouns\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\uff1afamily\u3002
3\uff09\u7269\u8d28\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Material Nouns\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u5982\uff1aair\u3002
4\uff09\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Abstract Nouns\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\uff1awork\u3002
\u4e2a\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6570\u76ee\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Countable Nouns\uff09\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6570\u76ee\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff08Uncountable Nouns\uff09\u3002\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56fe\u8868\u793a\uff1a
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| |\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd | |
| \u540d | | \u4e2a\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd | |
| | | | \u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd |
| | | \u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd | |
| |\u666e\u901a\u540d\u8bcd | | |
| \u8bcd | | \u7269\u8d28\u540d\u8bcd | |
| | | | \u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd|
| | | \u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd | |
\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
1) \u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u6216\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e38\u4e0e\u8868\u793a\u9891\u816e\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\u3002
\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a every\u2026, sometimes, at\u2026, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) \u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) \u8868\u793a\u683c\u8a00\u6216\u8b66\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002
Pride goes before a fall. \u9a84\u8005\u5fc5\u8d25\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6b64\u7528\u6cd5\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e3b\u53e5\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u4e5f\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aColumbus proved that the earth is round..
4) \u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u6027\u683c\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u3002
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1aNow I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6f14\u793a\u6216\u6307\u5bfc\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u793a\u8303\u6027\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8a00\u884c\u7684\u77ac\u95f4\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u518d\u5982\uff1aNow watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684now\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u53e5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002
\u540d\u8bcd\u590d\u6570\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316
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\u60c5\u51b5 \u6784\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8bfb\u97f3 \u4f8b\u8bcd
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\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5 \u52a0 -s 1.\u6e05\u8f85\u97f3\u540e\u8bfb/s/; map-maps
2.\u6d4a\u8f85\u97f3\u548c\u5143\u97f3\u540e bag-bags
\u8bfb /z/; car-cars
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\u4ee5s,sh,ch,
x\u7b49\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd \u52a0 -es \u8bfb /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
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\u4ee5ce,se,ze,
(d)ge\u7b49\u7ed3\u5c3e
\u7684\u8bcd \u52a0 -s \u8bfb /iz/ license-licenses
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\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd+y \u53d8y \u4e3ai
\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd \u518d\u52a0es \u8bfb /z/ baby---babies
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\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
1\uff09\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u683c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7b49\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5e0c\u671b\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e58\u5ba2\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\uff0c\u8fd8\u771f\u662f\u5979\u3002
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8bed\u8981\u7528\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e00\u5230\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u94f6\u884c\u4e86\u3002
2\uff09\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u683c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u5728\u7701\u7565\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
\u6211\u770b\u5230\u5979\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5979\u3002\uff08her\u505a\u5bbe \u8bed\uff0cthem\u505a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0cher\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff09
a. -- Who broke the vase? --\u8c01\u6253\u788e\u4e86\u82b1\u74f6\uff1f
b. -- Me. --\u6211\u3002\uff08me\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed= It's me.\uff09
\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cher\u548cme\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u591a\u7528\u5bbe\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u4e3ashe\u548cI\u3002
\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u683c
\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0"'s"\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e26\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8be5\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff0c\u5982\uff1aa teacher's book\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
1\uff09 \u5355\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0"'s"\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u6ca1\u6709s\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u52a0"'s"\uff0c\u5982the boy's bag \u7537\u5b69\u7684\u4e66\u5305\uff0cmen's room \u7537\u5395\u6240\u3002
2\uff09 \u82e5\u540d\u8bcd\u5df2\u6709\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u5c3e-s \uff0c\u53ea\u52a0"'"\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe workers' struggle \u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u3002
3\uff09 \u51e1\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0"'s"\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528"\u540d\u8bcd+of +\u540d\u8bcd"\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe title of the song \u6b4c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002
4\uff09 \u5728\u8868\u793a\u5e97\u94fa\u6216\u6559\u5802\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6216\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u540e\u9762\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1athe barber's \u7406\u53d1\u5e97\u3002
5\uff09 \u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5206\u522b\u6709's\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a"\u5206\u522b\u6709"\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a's\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a'\u5171\u6709'\u3002
\u5982\uff1aJohn's and Mary's room\uff08\u4e24\u95f4\uff09 John and Mary's room\uff08\u4e00\u95f4\uff09
6\uff09 \u590d\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c's \u52a0\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002
\u5982\uff1aa month or two's absence
\u521d\u4e00\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u603b\u7ed3
\u4e00\u3001 \u8bcd\u6cd5 1\u3001\u540d\u8bcd\u3000\u3000A\uff09\u3001\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6570
\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u5374\u6709\u5355\u6570\u548c\u590d\u6570\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u7684\u6784\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e00\uff09\u5728\u540e\u9762\u52a0s\u3002\u5982\uff1afathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
\u4e8c\uff09x, sh, ch, s, tch\u540e\u52a0es\u3002\u5982\uff1aboxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
\u4e09\uff091\uff09\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53d8y\u4e3ai\u518d\u52a0es \u5982\uff1ababy-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2\uff09\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0s\u3002\u5982\uff1aday-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
\u56db\uff09\u4ee5o\u7ed3\u5c3e\u52a0s\uff08\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09\u3002\u5982\uff1aradios, photos, \u4f46\u5982\u662f\u8f85\u97f3\u52a0o\u7684\u52a0es\uff1a\u5982: tomatoes\u897f\u7ea2\u67ff, potatoes\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af
\u4e94\uff09\u4ee5f\u6216fe\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53d8f\u4e3av\u518d\u52a0es(s)\u3002\u5982\uff1aknife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
\u516d\uff09\u5355\u590d\u6570\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff09\u6709\uff1afish, sheep, deer\u9e7f\u5b50, Chinese, Japanese
\u4e03\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u6709\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u6570\u7684\u6709\uff1apeople,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
\u516b\uff09\u5355\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5355\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u590d\u6570\u7684\u6709\uff1apolice\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf, class\u73ed\uff0c\u540c\u5b66, family\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458
\u4e5d\uff09\u5408\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6570\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u52a0\u4e3b\u8981\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4e3a\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1aaction movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7531man\u6216woman\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5219\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u3002\u5982\uff1aman doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
\u5341\uff09\u6709\u7684\u5355\u590d\u6570\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5982\uff1afish\u9c7c fishes\u9c7c\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b, paper\u7eb8 papers\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u5377\u5b50\uff0c\u8bba\u6587, work\u5de5\u4f5c works\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5de5\u5382, glass\u73bb\u7483 glasses\u73bb\u7483\u676f\uff0c\u773c\u955c, orange\u6854\u5b50\u6c34 oranges\u6a59\u5b50, light\u5149\u7ebf lights\u706f, people\u4eba peoples\u6c11\u65cf, time\u65f6\u95f4 times\u65f6\u4ee3, \u6b21\u6570, chicken \u9e21\u8089 chickens \u5c0f\u9e21
\u5341\u4e00\uff09 \u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0s\u6216\u2019s\u3002\u5982\uff1aIs (I\u2019s), Ks (K\u2019s)\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u662f\u7f29\u7565\u8bcd\u5219\u53ea\u52a0s\u3002\u5982\uff1aIDs, VCDs, SARs
\u5341\u4e8c\uff09 \u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\uff1achild-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B\uff09\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u683c
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6784\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e00\uff09\u5355\u6570\u5728\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u2019s\u3002\u5982\uff1abrother\u2019s, Mike\u2019s, teacher\u2019s
\u4e8c\uff09\u590d\u6570\u4ee5s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5728s\u540e\u52a0\u2019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u4e0e\u5355\u6570\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5982\uff1aTeachers\u2019 Day\u6559\u5e08\u8282, classmates\u2019; Children\u2019s Day\u516d\u4e00\u8282, Women\u2019s Day\u4e09\u516b\u8282
\u4e09\uff09\u7531and\u5e76\u5217\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6240\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u52a0\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u2019s\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u522b\u62e5\u6709\u65f6\u5374\u5206\u522b\u6309\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5982\uff1aMike and Ben\u2019s room\u8fc8\u514b\u548c\u672c\u7684\u623f\u95f4\uff08\u5171\u4f4f\u4e00\u95f4\uff09\uff0cMike\u2019s and Ben\u2019s rooms\u8fc8\u514b\u548c\u672c\u7684\u623f\u95f4\uff08\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u623f\u95f4\uff09
2\u3001\u4ee3\u8bcd \u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u9879\u76ee \u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd \u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd \u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd \u53cd\u8eab\u4ee3\u8bcd
\u4eba\u79f0 \u4e3b\u683c \u5bbe\u683c \u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd \u540d\u8bcd\u6027
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0 \u5355\u6570 I me my mine myself
\u590d\u6570 we us our ours ourselves
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0 \u5355\u6570 you you your yours yourself
\u590d\u6570 you you your yours yourselves
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0 \u5355\u6570 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
\u590d\u6570 they them their theirs these those themselves
3\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd \u3000\u3000\u3000A\uff09 \u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570
\u5f53\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5355\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u6570\u53d8\u52a8\u8bcd\u90a3\u6837\u52a0s\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e00\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8bcd\u540e\u52a0s\u3002\u5982\uff1acomes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
\u4e8c\uff09\u5728x, sh, ch, s, tch\u540e\u52a0es\u3002\u5982\uff1awatches, washes, wishes, finishes
\u4e09\uff091\uff09\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53d8y\u4e3ai\u518d\u52a0es\u3002\u5982\uff1astudy-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2\uff09\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0s\u3002\u5982\uff1aplays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
\u56db\uff09\u4ee5o\u7ed3\u5c3e\u52a0es\u3002\u5982\uff1adoes, goes \u4e94\uff09\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6709\uff1aare-is, have-has
B\uff09 \u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u67d0\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e00\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u540e\u52a0ing\u3002\u5982\uff1aspell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3e\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53bb\u6389e\u518d\u52a0ing\u3002\u5982\uff1adance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
\u4e09\uff09\u4ee5\u91cd\u8bfb\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4e14\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u9664\u5f00\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u5982show \u2013showing, draw-drawing\uff09\u8981\u53cc\u5199\u6700\u540e\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u518d\u52a0ing\u3002\u5982\uff1aput-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
\u56db\uff09\u4ee5ie\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53d8ie\u4e3ay\u518d\u52a0ing\u3002\u5982\uff1atie-tying\u7cfb die-dying\u6b7b lie-lying \u4f4d\u4e8e
4\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u7ea7
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u6216\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6784\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4e00\uff09 \u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8bcd\u540e\u52a0er\u6216est(\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4ee5e\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u52a0r\u6216st)\u3002\u5982\uff1agreater-greatest, shorter \u2013shortest, taller \u2013tallest, longer \u2013longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5\u91cd\u8bfb\u95ed\u97f3\u8282\u7ed3\u5c3e\u4e141\u4e2a\u5143\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0b1\u4e2a\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd(\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u5982few-fewer fewest)\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53cc\u5199\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\u518d\u52a0er /est\u3002\u5982\uff1abig-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
\u4e09\uff09 \u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0by\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u53d8y\u4e3ai\u52a0er/est\u3002\u5982\uff1ahappy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
\u56db\uff09\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a(\u4e24\u597d\u591a\u574f\uff0c\u4e00\u5c11\u8001\u8fdc)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill \u2013 worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5\u3001\u6570\u8bcd (\u57fa\u53d8\u5e8f\uff0c\u6709\u89c4\u5219\uff1b\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u80cc\uff1b\u4e94\u3001\u516b\u3001\u4e5d\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\uff1b\u5176\u5b83\u540e\u63a5th\uff1by\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3ai, eth\u8ddf\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
\u4e8c\u3001\u53e5\u5f0f
1.\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5 \u3000\u3000\u80af\u5b9a\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5
a) This is a book. (be\u52a8\u8bcd)
b) He looks very young. (\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd)
c) I want a sweat like this. (\u5b9e\u4e49\u52a8\u8bcd)
d) I can bring some things to school. (\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd)
e) There\u2019s a computer on my desk. (There be\u7ed3\u6784)
\u5426\u5b9a\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5
a) These aren\u2019t their books. b) They don\u2019t look nice. c) Kate doesn\u2019t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can\u2019t find her doll. e) There isn\u2019t a cat here. (=There\u2019s no cat here.)
2. \u7948\u4f7f\u53e5
\u80af\u5b9a\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let\u2019s learn English! \u3000\u3000c) Come in, please.
\u5426\u5b9a\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5a) Don\u2019t be late. b) Don\u2019t hurry.
3. \u7591\u95ee\u53e5
1) \u4e00\u822c\u7591\u95ee\u53e5 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
\u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54: a) No, he isn\u2019t. b) No, you can\u2019t. c) No, she doesn\u2019t. d) No, they don\u2019t. e) No, she isn\u2019t.
2) \u9009\u62e9\u7591\u95ee\u53e5 Is the table big or small? \u56de\u7b54 It\u2019s big./ It\u2019s small.
3) \u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5
\u2460 \u95ee\u5e74\u9f84 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
\u2461 \u95ee\u79cd\u7c7b What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
\u2462 \u95ee\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
\u2463 \u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
\u2464 \u95ee\u539f\u56e0 Why do you want to join the club?
\u2465 \u95ee\u65f6\u95f4 What\u2019s the time? (=What time is it?) It\u2019s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o\u2019clock.
When do you want to go? Let\u2019s go at 7:00.
\u2466 \u95ee\u5730\u65b9 Where\u2019s my backpack? It\u2019s under the table.
\u2467 \u95ee\u989c\u8272 What color are they? They are light blue. What\u2019s your favourite color? It\u2019s black.
\u2468 \u95ee\u4eba\u7269 Who\u2019s that? It\u2019s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn\u2019t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
\u2469 \u95ee\u4e1c\u897f What\u2019s this/that (in English)? It\u2019s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11\u95ee\u59d3\u540d What\u2019s your aunt\u2019s name? Her name is Helen./She\u2019s Helen.
What\u2019s your first name? My first name\u2019s Ben.
What\u2019s your family name? My family name\u2019s Smith.
12 \u95ee\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 \u95ee\u5b57\u6bcd What letter is it? It\u2019s big D/small f.
14 \u95ee\u4ef7\u683c How much are these pants? They\u2019re 15 dollars.
15 \u95ee\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801 What\u2019s your phone number? It\u2019s 576-8349.
16 \u95ee\u8c13\u8bed(\u52a8\u4f5c) What\u2019s he doing? He\u2019s watching TV.
17 \u95ee\u804c\u4e1a(\u8eab\u4efd) What do you do? I\u2019m a teacher.
What\u2019s your father? He\u2019s a doctor.
\u4e09\u3001\u65f6\u6001
1\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6
\u8868\u793a\u666e\u904d\u3001\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u6216\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\uff1a
Be \u52a8\u8bcd\uff1aShe\u2019s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn\u2019t a worker.
\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1aI can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can\u2019t play the piano.
\u884c\u4e3a\u52a8\u8bcd\uff1aThey want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don\u2019t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn\u2019t have a watch.
2\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6
\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3asb be v-ing sth + \u5176\u5b83.
I\u2019m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I\u2019m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn\u2019t writing a letter.
They\u2019re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren\u2019t listening to the pop music.
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词 A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) fi
初一英语语法总结
一、词法 1、名词 A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词 A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
拿本初一的英语课本，把每周的单元语法那看清楚，就是在目录那几页上，每个单位的重点句型和语法都有的，初一的很简单的，相信你这样过滤一遍你就能够掌握所有初一的语法啦。
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