清朝的顶戴花翎是怎么区分的? 古代官级顶戴花翎怎么区分？
\u6e05\u671d\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u9876\u6234\u82b1\u7fce\u600e\u4e48\u533a\u5206\u54c1\u7ea7\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b98\u5458\u9876\u6234\u82b1\u7fce
\u6e05\u4ee3\u6539\u51a0\u5236\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee5\u793c\u5e3d\u3002\u793c\u5e3d\u5206\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u6696\u5e3d\uff0c\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5708\u6a90\u8fb9\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u76ae\u3001\u5462\u3001\u7f0e\u3001\u5e03\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u591a\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u4e2d\u6709\u7ea2\u8272\u5e3d\u7eac\u3001\u5e3d\u5b50\u6700\u9ad8\u5904\u6709\u9876\u73e0\uff0c\u5176\u6750\u6599\u591a\u4ee5\u5b9d\u77f3\u5236\u6210\u3001\u6709\u7ea2\u3001\u84dd\u3001\u767d\u3001\u91d1\u3002\u6309\u6e05\u793c\u4eea\uff0c\u4e00\u54c1\u4e3a\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u4e8c\u54c1\u4e3a\u73ca\u745a\uff0c\u4e09\u54c1\u4e3a\u84dd\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u56db\u54c1\u7528\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u4e94\u54c1\u7528\u6c34\u6676\u77f3\uff0c\u516d\u54c1\u7528\u7817\u78f2\uff0c\u4e03\u54c1\u4e3a\u7d20\u91d1\uff0c\u516b\u54c1\u7528\u9634\u7eb9\u7f15\u82b1\u91d1\uff0c\u4e5d\u54c1\u4e3a\u9633\u7eb9\u9542\u82b1\u91d1\u3002\u65e0\u9876\u73e0\u8005\u65e0\u5b98\u54c1\uff1b\u4e8c\u4e3a\u51c9\u5e3d\uff0c\u65e0\u6a90\uff0c\u5587\u53ed\u5f0f\uff0c\u521d\u671f\u6241\u800c\u5927\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u5c0f\u800c\u9ad8\uff0c\u7528\u85e4\u3001\u7bfe\u5e2d\uff0c\u5916\u88f9\u7eeb\u7f57\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6e56\u8272\u3001\u9ec4\u8272\uff0c\u4e0a\u7f00\u7ea2\u7f28\u9876\u73e0\u3002 \u96cd\u6b63\u516b\u5e74(\u516c\u51431730\u5e74)\uff0c\u66f4\u5b9a\u5b98\u5458\u51a0\u9876\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u989c\u8272\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u81f3\u4e7e\u9686\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51a0\u9876\u7684\u9876\u73e0\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u7528\u900f\u660e\u6216\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u4eae\u9876\u3001\u6d85\u9876\u7684\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u3002\u5982\uff0c\u79f0\u4e00\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u7ea2\u9876\uff0c\u4e8c\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u7ea2\u9876\uff0c\u4e09\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u84dd\u9876\uff0c\u56db\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u84dd\u9876\uff0c\u4e94\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u767d\u9876\uff0c\u516d\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u767d\u9876\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e03\u54c1\u7684\u7d20\u91d1\u9876\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u9ec4\u94dc\u6240\u9876\u66ff\u3002\u9876\u73e0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u679d\u4e24\u5bf8\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u7fce\u7ba1\uff0c\u7528\u7389\u3001\u7fe0\u6216\u73d0\u7405\u3001\u82b1\u74f7\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5b89\u63d2\u7fce\u679d\u3002\u7fce\u6709\u84dd\u7fce\u3001\u82b1\u7fce\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u84dd\u7fce\u662f\u9e56\u7fbd\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u7fbd\u957f\u800c\u65e0\u773c\uff0c\u8f83\u82b1\u7fce\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e3a\u4f4e\u3002\u82b1\u7fce\u662f\u5e26\u6709"\u76ee\u6655"\u7684\u5b54\u96c0\u7fce\u3002"\u76ee\u6655"\u4fd7\u79f0\u4e3a"\u773c"\uff0c\u5728\u7fce\u7684\u5c3e\u7aef\uff0c\u6709\u5355\u773c\u3001\u53cc\u773c\u3001\u4e09\u773c\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u7fce\u773c\u591a\u8005\u4e3a\u8d35\u3002\u5b98\u5e3d\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u671d\u51a0\u548c\u5409\u670d\u51a0\uff1a
\u671d\u51a0\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u662f\u4e0a\u671d\u65f6\u6234\u7684\uff0c\u9876\u5b50\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5c42\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5c16\u578b\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7403\u578b\u5b9d\u73e0\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e95\u5ea7\uff0c\u7528\u6240\u9970\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\uff08\u4e1c\u73e0\uff09\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u6765\u52a0\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4eb2\u738b\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u6709 10\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u4eb2\u738b\u7684\u4e16\u5b50\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u67099\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u90e1\u738b\u7684\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u67098\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u8d1d\u52d2\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u67097\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u8d1d\u5b50\u7684\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u67096\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u9547\u56fd\u516c\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u67095\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\uff0c\u8f85\u56fd\u516c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5165\u516b\u5206\u516c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u516c\u51a0\u9876\u5747\u88c5\u9970\u67094\u9897\u4e1c\u73e0\u3002\u4faf\u7235\u7684\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u6709\u4e1c\u73e03\u9897\uff0c\u4f2f\u7235\u7684\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u6709\u4e1c\u73e02\u9897\uff0c\u4e00\u54c1\u5b98\u51a0\u9876\u88c5\u9970\u6709\u4e1c\u73e01\u9897\u3002\u4e00\u54c1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u9576\u5d4c\u51ac\u73e0\uff0c\u6539\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002
\u5409\u670d\u51a0\uff0c\u662f\u7a7f\u7740\u5409\u670d\u65f6\u4f69\u6234\u7684\u5b98\u5e3d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5e73\u65f6\u5b98\u5458\u6234\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5409\u670d\uff0c\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u671d\u670d\u7684\u793c\u670d\uff0c\u5409\u670d\u51a0\u9876\u5b50\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7403\u578b\u5b9d\u73e0\u53ca\u91d1\u5c5e\u5e95\u5ea7\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e95\u5ea7\u7528\u91d1\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7528\u94dc\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u9542\u523b\u82b1\u7eb9\u3002\u9876\u73e0\u7684\u989c\u8272\u53ca\u6750\u6599\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u540c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u54c1\u7ea7\u3002
\u5e3d\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u4e4b\u5904\u88c5\u6709\u9876\u73e0\uff0c\u5e3d\u4e4b\u9876\u73e0\u662f\u533a\u522b\u5b98\u7ea7\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\uff1a
\u4e00\u54c1\u671d\u51a0\u9876\u6234
\u4eb2\u738b\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u7235\u548c\u4e00\u54c1\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u90fd\u662f\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u662f\u8272\u7f8e\u3001\u900f\u660e\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u7ea7\u521a\u7389\u3002\u4ee5\u5176\u6676\u83b9\u5254\u900f\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u88ab\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u4eec\u8499\u4e0a\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5409\u7965\u4e4b\u7269\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u4ea7\u5730\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u5b9d\u77f3\u8d28\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u4f73\u3002
\u4e8c\u54c1\u9876\u6234
\u4e8c\u54c1\u5b98\u7528\u73ca\u745a\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5b9d\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u73ca\u745a\u7684\u989c\u8272\u5e38\u5448\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9d\u77f3\u7ea7\u73ca\u745a\u4e3a\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\u3001\u6a59\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u5b98\u5e3d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u73ca\u745a\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u897f\u85cf\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u89c6\u7ea2\u8272\u73ca\u745a\u662f\u5982\u6765\u4f5b\u7684\u5316\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u73ca\u745a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u796d\u4f5b\u7684\u5409\u7965\u7269\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u6765\u505a\u4f5b\u73e0\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u88c5\u9970\u795e\u50cf\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u53d7\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u9996\u9970\u5b9d\u77f3\u54c1\u79cd\u3002
\u4e09\u54c1\u5409\u670d\u51a0
\u4e09\u54c1\u5b98\u7528\u84dd\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c\u662f\u8272\u7f8e\u3001\u900f\u660e\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u7ea7\u521a\u7389\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u7ea7\u521a\u7389\u9664\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u79f0\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u5982\u84dd\u8272\u3001\u6de1\u84dd\u8272\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u3001\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u7070\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u8272\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u79f0\u4e3a\u84dd\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u4ee5\u7f05\u7538\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u4f73\u3002
\u6d85\u84dd\u56db\u54c1\u9876\u6234
\u56db\u54c1\u5b98\u7528\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7389\u77f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5176\u9c9c\u8273\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u8d62\u5f97\u4e1c\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u559c\u7231\u3002\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u4e3a\u73bb\u7483\u81f3\u6cb9\u8102\u5149\u6cfd\u3002\u5176\u786c\u5ea6\u4e3a5.5\uff0c\u6bd4\u91cd\u662f2.7-2.9\u3002\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u84dd\u8272\u3001\u6df1\u84dd\u3001\u6de1\u84dd\u53ca\u6d45\u9752\u8272\u7b49\uff0c\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u8fdb\u53e3\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7389\u6599\uff0c\u5176\u591a\u6570\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u6cbf\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\u82f1\u949f\u7684\u4ea7\u5730\u3002
\u4e94\u54c1\u671d\u51a0
\u4e94\u54c1\u5b98\u7528\u6c34\u6676\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c3000\u591a\u79cd\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u900f\u660e\u3001\u5e38\u5448\u516d\u68f1\u4f53\u72b6\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u5907\u53d7\u4eba\u7c7b\u5ba0\u7231\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5747\u5217\u5165\u5b9d\u77f3\u884c\u5217\u3002\u786c\u5ea6\u4e3a7\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94a2\u9509\u4e00\u822c\u575a\u786c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u8106\u4e14\u6613\u788e\u7684\u9ec4\u7389\u3001\u94bb\u77f3\u3001\u6b27\u6cca\u77f3\u3001\u7956\u6bcd\u7eff\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9d\u77f3\u76f8\u5f62\u89c1\u7ecc\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u6c34\u6676\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u5df4\u897f\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5357\u975e\u3001\u8d5e\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001 \u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5df4\u897f\u6c34\u6676\u6700\u6709\u540d\u3002
\u516d\u54c1\u671d\u51a0(\u767d\u8272\u6d85\u73bb\u7483\u4ee3\u66ff\u7817\u78f2)
\u5907\u6ce8\uff1a\u636e\u8003\u53e4\u8d44\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u827a\u59cb\u4e8e\u897f\u5468\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5386\u7ecf\u7ef5\u5ef6\u4e0d\u7edd\u7684\u4e24\u5343\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u81f3\u6e05\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u73bb\u7483\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u85cf\u53e4\u4ee3\u73bb\u7483\u5668 4000\u4f59\u4ef6\u3002\u4ece\u85cf\u54c1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6218\u56fd\u5230\u660e\u6e05\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u85cf\u54c1\u4e3a\u4f20\u4e16\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u6e05\u4ee3\u73bb\u7483\u5236\u54c1\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u85cf\u54c1\u768490\u2105\u3002
\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u5df2\u6709\u5355\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u753b\u73d0\u7405\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u5957\u73bb\u7483\u3001\u523b\u82b1\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u6d12\u91d1\u73bb\u7483\u7b49\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u671d\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u63cf\u91d1\u73bb\u7483\u3002
\u5355\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u6307\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u989c\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u5439\u5236\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u5668\u76bf\u3002\u5eb7\u7199\u671d\u7684\u5355\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u5bf9\u6e05\u4ee5\u524d\u73bb\u7483\u5236\u4f5c\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f20\u4e16\u54c1\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ec5\u77e5\u5317\u4eac\u6545\u5bab\u535a\u7269\u9662\u73cd\u85cf\u4e00\u4ef6\u900f\u660e\u73bb\u7483\u6c34\u4e1e\u3002\u96cd\u6b63\u671d\u5236\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u3001\u5668\u578b\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u54c1\u79cd\u662f\u5355\u8272\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5355\u8272\u73bb\u7483\u6709\u201c\u6d85\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4eae\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u201c\u6d85\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u201c\u4eae\u73bb\u7483\u201d\u662f\u6307\u900f\u660e\u73bb\u7483\u3002
\u7d20\u91d1\u94dc\u9876
\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u3001\u4e5d\u54c1\u90fd\u662f\u91d1\u9876\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u662f\u4e03\u54c1\u5b98\u7528\u7d20\u91d1\u9876\uff0c\u516b\u54c1\u3001\u4e5d\u54c1\u5747\u7528\u9542\u82b1\u7d20\u91d1\u9876\u3002
\u516b\u54c1\u4e5d\u54c1\uff0c\u65e0\u56fe\u3002
\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a
\u4e00\u54c1\u548c\u4e8c\u54c1\u9876\u5b50\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u7ea2\u8272 \uff0c\u4e09\u54c1\u548c\u56db\u54c1\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u84dd\u8272\uff0c\u4e94\u54c1\u548c\u516d\u54c1\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u767d\u8272 \uff0c\u4e03\u3001
\u516b\u3001\u4e5d\u54c1\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u91d1\u8272\u3002
\u82b1\u7fce
\u6e05\u671d\u7684\u793c\u5e3d\uff0c\u5728\u9876\u73e0\u4e0b\u6709\u7fce\u7ba1\uff0c\u8d28\u4e3a\u767d\u7389\u6216\u7fe1\u7fe0\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u5b89\u63d2\u7fce\u679d\u3002\u6e05\u7fce\u679d\u5206\u84dd\u7fce\u548c\u82b1\u7fce\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u84dd\u7fce\u4e3a\u9e56\u7fbd\u6240\u505a\uff0c\u82b1\u7fce\u4e3a\u5b54\u96c0\u7fbd\u6240\u505a\u3002\u82b1\u7fce\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa8\u7b49\u5a01\u3001\u662d\u54c1\u79e9\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u5b98\u5458\u6240\u80fd\u6234\u7528\uff1b\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u662d\u660e\u7b49\u7ea7\u3001\u8d4f\u8d50\u519b\u529f\uff0c\u6e05\u4ee3\u5404\u5e1d\u90fd\u4e09\u4ee4\u4e94\u7533\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c2a\u8d8a\u672c\u5206\u5984\u6234\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u610f\u4e0d\u6234\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u5219\u4e25\u884c\u53c2\u5904\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u964d\u804c\u6216\u9769\u804c\u7559\u4efb\u7684\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u6309\u5176\u672c\u4efb\u54c1\u7ea7\u7a7f\u671d\u670d\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u7f5a\u62d4\u53bb\u82b1\u7fce\u5219\u662f\u975e\u540c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5904\u7f5a\u3002
\u82b1\u7fce\u53c8\u5206\u4e00\u773c\uff0c\u4e8c\u773c\uff0c\u4e09\u773c\uff0c\u4e09\u773c\u6700\u5c0a\u8d35\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u773c\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b54\u96c0\u7fce\u4e0a\u7684\u773c\u72b6\u7684\u5706\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u5c31\u7b97\u505a\u4e00\u773c\u3002\u84dd\u7fce\u662f\u4e0e\u82b1\u7fce\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u51a0\u9970\uff0c\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u67d3\u84dd\u7fce\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d3\u6210\u5170\u8272\u7684\u9e56\u9e1f\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6240\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u773c\u3002\u8d50\u4e88\u516d\u54c1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3001\u5728\u7687\u5bab\u548c\u738b\u5e9c\u5f53\u5dee\u7684\u4f8d\u536b\u5b98\u5458\u4eab\u6234\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d4f\u8d50\u5efa\u6709\u519b\u529f\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u3002\u9e56\u9e1f\u751f\u6027\u597d\u52c7\u6597\u72e0\uff0c\u81f3\u6b7b\u4e0d\u5374\uff0c\u6b66\u58eb\u51a0\u4e0a\u63d2\u9e56\u7fce\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u6b66\u58eb\u7684\u82f1\u52c7\uff0c\u5230\u4e5f\u8d34\u5207\u3002\u5728\u6e05\u671d\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7687\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u7235\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4eb2\u738b\u3001\u90e1\u738b\u3001\u8d1d\u52d2\u7684\u8d1d\u5b50\u548c\u56fa\u4f26\u989d\u9644\uff08\u5373\u7687\u540e\u6240\u751f\u516c\u4e3b\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u6234\u4e09\u773c\u82b1\u7fce\uff1b\u6e05\u671d\u5b97\u5ba4\u548c\u85e9\u90e8\u4e2d\u88ab\u5c01\u4e3a\u9547\u56fd\u516c\u6216\u8f85\u56fd\u516c\u7684\u4eb2\u8d35\u3001\u548c\u7855\u989d\u9644\uff08\u5373\u5983\u5ad4\u6240\u751f\u516c\u4e3b\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u6234\u4e8c\u773c\u82b1\u7fce\uff1b\u4e94\u54c1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5927\u81e3\u3001\u524d\u950b\u8425\u548c\u62a4\u519b\u8425\u7684\u5404\u7edf\u9886\u3001\u53c2\u9886\uff08\u62c5\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6ee1\u6d32\u9576\u9ec4\u65d7\u3001\u6b63\u9ec4\u65d7\u3001\u6b63\u767d\u65d7\u8fd9\u4e0a\u4e09\u65d7\u51fa\u8eab\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u6234\u5355\u773c\u82b1\u7fce\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u4efb\u6587\u81e3\u65e0\u8d50\u82b1\u7fce\u8005\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\u82b1\u7fce\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u5c45\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7684\u738b\u516c\u8d35\u65cf\u7279\u6709\u7684\u51a0\u9970\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b97\u85e9\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u82b1\u7fce\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u903e\u5206\u6ee5\u7528\uff1b\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4eab\u6234\u82b1\u7fce\u7684\u4eb2\u8d35\u4eec\u8981\u5728\u5341\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9a91\u3001\u5c04\u4e24\u9879\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5408\u683c\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u6234\u7528\u3002
\u6ee1\u610f\u8bf7\u91c7\u7eb3
\u6587\u6b66\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u671d\u51a0\u5f0f\u6837\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u54c1\u7ea7\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c
\u4e00\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u51ac\u671d\u51a0\u4e0a\u6240\u7528\u6bdb\u76ae\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u5728\u51a0\u9876\u9542\u82b1\u91d1\u5ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u9876\u73e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9876\u73e0\u4e0b\u7684\u7fce\u679d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b98\u5458\u663e\u793a\u8eab\u4efd\u5730\u4f4d\u7684"\u9876\u6234\u82b1\u7fce"\u3002\u9876\u73e0\u7684\u8d28\u6599\u3001\u989c\u8272\u4f9d\u5b98\u5458\u54c1\u7ea7\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002
\u4e00\u54c1\u7528\u7ea2\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c
\u4e8c\u54c1\u7528\u73ca\u745a\uff0c
\u4e09\u54c1\u7528\u84dd\u5b9d\u77f3\uff0c
\u56db\u54c1\u7528\u9752\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c
\u4e94\u54c1\u7528\u6c34\u6676\u77f3\uff0c
\u516d\u54c1\u7528\u7817\u78f2\u3014ch\u0113q\u00fa\u8f66\u6e20\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5357\u6d77\u4ea7\u7684\u5927\u8d1d\uff0c\u53e4\u79f0\u4e03\u5b9d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3015\uff0c
\u4e03\u54c1\u7528\u7d20\u91d1\uff0c
\u516b\u54c1\u9542\u82b1\u9634\u7eb9\uff0c\u91d1\u9876\u65e0\u9970\uff0c
\u4e5d\u54c1\u9542\u82b1\u9633\u7eb9\uff0c\u91d1\u9876\u3002
\u96cd\u6b63\u516b\u5e74(\u516c\u51431730\u5e74)\uff0c\u66f4\u5b9a\u5b98\u5458\u51a0\u9876\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u989c\u8272\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u5b9d\u77f3\u3002\u81f3\u4e7e\u9686\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51a0\u9876\u7684\u9876\u73e0\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u7528\u900f\u660e\u6216\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u79f0\u4f5c\u4eae\u9876\u3001\u6d85\u9876\u7684\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u3002\u5982\uff0c
\u79f0\u4e00\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u7ea2\u9876\uff0c
\u4e8c\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u7ea2\u9876\uff0c
\u4e09\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u84dd\u9876\uff0c
\u56db\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u84dd\u9876\uff0c
\u4e94\u54c1\u4e3a\u4eae\u767d\u9876\uff0c
\u516d\u54c1\u4e3a\u6d85\u767d\u9876\u3002
绛旓細椤舵埓锛氫竴銆佷簩鍝侀兘鏄孩鑹茬殑锛涗笁銆佸洓鍝侀兘鏄摑鑹茬殑锛涗簲銆佸叚鍝侀兘鏄櫧鑹茬殑锛涗竷鍝佷互涓嬩负閲戣壊銆傝姳缈庯細浜斿搧浠ヤ笂璧忕粰鍗曠溂鑺辩繋锛鍙岀溂鑺辩繋璧忕粰绾у埆杈冮珮鐨勫畼鍛锛涗笁鐪艰姳缈庡垯鏄祻缁欎翰鐜嬨佽礉鍕掔瓑鐨囨棌鍜屾湁鐗规畩鍔熷媼鐨勫ぇ鑷ｏ紱鍏搧浠ヤ笅鐨勫畼鍛樺彧璧忕粰钃濈繋銆
绛旓細娓呮湞鐨勯《鎴磋姳缈庣殑鍖哄垎鏂规硶鏄細1銆佷竴鍝佹湞鍐犻《鎴达紝浜茬帇浠ヤ笅鐩村埌瀛愮埖鍜屼竴鍝佺殑瀹樺憳閮芥槸绾㈠疂鐭筹紝鏄壊缇庛侀忔槑鐨勫疂鐭崇骇鍒氱帀銆2銆佷簩鍝侀《鎴达紝浜屽搧瀹樼敤鐝婄憵锛屾槸閲嶈鐨勬湁鏈哄疂鐭充箣涓锛岀強鐟氱殑棰滆壊甯稿憟鐧借壊锛屼絾瀹濈煶绾х強鐟氫负绾㈣壊銆佺矇绾㈣壊銆佹绾㈣壊锛屽彲浠ョ敤浣滃畼甯戒箣涓婏紝浠呮浜庣孩瀹濈煶銆3銆佷笁鍝佸悏鏈嶅啝锛屼笁鍝佸畼鐢ㄨ摑瀹濈煶锛...
绛旓細椤舵埓锛屽氨鏄畼鍛樻埓鐨勫附椤躲浠庤壊娉戒笂鍒嗭細涓銆佷簩鍝侀兘鏄孩鑹茬殑锛屼笁銆佸洓鍝侀兘鏄摑鑹茬殑锛屼簲銆佸叚鍝侀兘鏄櫧鑹茬殑锛屼竷鍝佷互涓嬩负閲戣壊銆傚湪鍚岃壊涓紝鍚勫搧鐨勯《鎴村張鏈夊尯鍒細涓銆佷簩鍝佹湁绾孩鍜屾潅绾箣鍒嗭紝涓夈佸洓鍝佹湁浜摑鍜屾殫钃濅箣鍒嗐傝繘澹佷妇浜恒佽础鐢熼兘鎴撮噾椤讹紝鐢熷憳銆佺洃鐢熷垯鎴撮摱椤躲傗滆姳缈庘濇槸鐨囧笣鐗硅祼鐨勬彃鍦ㄥ附涓...
绛旓細1銆侀《鎴磋姳缈庣畝绉伴《瀛愶紝鈥滈《瀛愨濅篃鏄尯鍒竻鏈濆畼鍛樺搧绾х殑閲嶈鏍囪瘑銆傗滈《鎴粹濆垎鏈濆啝鐢ㄥ強鍚夋湇鍐犵敤涓ょ銆傛湞鍐犻《瀛愬叡鏈変笁灞傦細涓婁负灏栧舰瀹濈煶锛屼腑涓虹悆褰㈠疂鐝狅紝涓嬩负閲戝睘搴曞骇銆傚悏鏈嶅啝椤跺瓙姣旇緝绠鍗曪紝鍙湁鐞冨舰瀹濈彔鍙婇噾灞炲簳搴т袱閮ㄥ垎锛屽簳搴х敤閲戠殑锛屼篃鏈夌敤閾滅殑锛屼笂闈㈤晜鍒昏姳绾广2銆侀《鐝犵殑棰滆壊鍙婃潗鏂欐湁澶氱锛屽弽鏄犱笉鍚屽畼鍛...
绛旓細1銆侀《涓婇暥鏈変唬琛ㄤ笉鍚屽搧绾с佸悇绉嶆潗璐ㄧ殑椤剁彔锛岃繖涓烘埓銆傚啀鏈夊氨鏄姳缈庯紝鑺辩繋鍒嗕笁绉嶏紱涓涓轰笁鐪艰姳缈庯紝浜屼负鍙岀溂鑺辩繋锛屼笁涓哄崟鐪艰姳缈銆傝繖鎵璋撶殑鑺辩繋灏辨槸瀛旈泙鐨勭繋姣涳紝鍦ㄩ厤涓婇┈灏撅紝鐩存帴鎻掑叆椤剁彔涓嬮潰鐨勭繋绠￠噷銆2銆椤舵埓锛氫簩鍝侀兘鏄孩鑹茬殑锛涘洓鍝侀兘鏄摑鑹茬殑锛涘叚鍝侀兘鏄櫧鑹茬殑锛涓冨搧浠ヤ笅涓洪噾鑹銆3銆佸湪娓呮湞锛岀窘姣涙槸...
绛旓細娓呭埗锛屾鑱屼簲鍝佷互涓婏紝鏂囪亴宸℃姎鍏兼彁鐫ｈ鍙婃淳寰瑗垮寳涓よ矾澶ц嚕锛屼互瀛旈泙缈庝负鍐犻グ锛岀紑浜庡啝鍚庯紝绉鑺辩繋锛岄櫎鍥犲啗鍔熻祻鎴磋呭锛岀鑱屽嵆鎽橀櫎锛岃姳缈庢湁鍗曠溂銆佸弻鐪笺佷笁鐪硷紙鈥滅溂鈥濆嵆瀛旈泙缈庢瘺涓婂渾鑺辩汗锛変箣鍒紝闄よ礉瀛愩佸浐浼︺侀椹稿洜鍏剁埖浣嶆埓涓夌溂鑺辩繋銆傞晣鍥藉叕銆佽緟鍥藉叕銆佸拰纭曢椹告埓鍙岀溂鑺辩繋澶栵紝鍝佸畼椤诲鐗硅祻濮嬪緱鎴寸敤锛...
绛旓細1. 娓呮湞瀹樺憳鐨勯《鎴磋姳缈庢槸鍏剁瓑绾т笌韬唤鐨勮薄寰侊紝鍏朵腑椤舵埓鐨勯《鐝犻鑹蹭笌璐ㄥ湴鍚勫紓锛岀敤浠鍖哄垎涓嶅悓鐨勫畼鑱屽拰鍝佺骇銆2. 绾㈣壊閫忔槑鐨勯《鐝犲睘浜庝竴鍝佸畼鑱岋紝濡傚お甯堛佸お鍌呫佸お淇濅互鍙婂悇鍦伴┗鍐涘叓鏃楀皢鍐涳紙涔鹃殕鍚庢敼涓轰粠涓鍝侊級绛夈備粠涓鍝佸畼鑱屽垯鍖呮嫭鍚勯儴灏氫功銆佸お瀛愬お甯堛佸お瀛愬お淇濄佸お瀛愬お鍌呫佹彁鐫ｅ拰閮藉療闄㈠乏鍙抽兘寰″彶銆3. 绾㈣壊涓...
绛旓細1銆侀《鎴达細绠绉伴《瀛愶紝鈥滈《瀛愨濅篃鏄尯鍒竻鏈濆畼鍛樺搧绾х殑閲嶈鏍囪瘑銆鈥滈《鎴粹濆垎鏈濆啝鐢ㄥ強鍚夋湇鍐犵敤涓ょ銆傛湞鍐犻《瀛愬叡鏈変笁灞傦細涓婁负灏栧舰瀹濈煶锛屼腑涓虹悆褰㈠疂鐝狅紝涓嬩负閲戝睘搴曞骇銆2銆佽姳缈庯細浠ュ瓟闆缈庝负鍐犻グ锛岀紑浜庡啝鍚庯紝绉拌姳缈庯紝闄ゅ洜鍐涘姛璧忔埓鑰呭锛岀鑱屽嵆鎽橀櫎锛岃姳缈庢湁鍗曠溂銆佸弻鐪笺佷笁鐪(鐪煎嵆瀛旈泙缈庢瘺涓婂渾鑺辩汗)涔嬪埆锛...
绛旓細椤舵埓鑺辩繋鐨勭瓑绾у尯鍒嗗湪娓呮湞鏃讹紝瀹樺憳浠墍鎴寸殑甯藉瓙鍙堢О绉颁箣涓洪《鎴达紝骞朵笖鍒嗕负鍑夊附鍜屾殩甯戒袱绉嶏紝鑰屼笖褰㈢姸涔熸槸澶т笉鐩稿悓锛屽垎鍒槸鐓у簲浜嗗啲澶忎袱瀛ｏ紝鑰屼笖椤舵埓涓婃瘡涓儴浠堕兘鏈夌潃鏄庣‘鐨勫悕瀛楋紝鍒嗗埆鏄《鐝狅紝缈庣锛岀孩缂紝鑺辩繋缁勫悎鑰屾垚銆傝鍖哄垎椤舵埓鑺辩繋鐨绛夌骇涓昏鏄湅椤舵埓涔嬩笂鐨勯《鐝犳潵鍖哄垎瀹樺憳鐨勭瓑绾э紝渚嬪鎴寸孩瀹濈煶鐨勫氨鏄...
绛旓細鍥炵瓟锛氭竻瀹樺憳椤舵埓鑺辩繋鍦ㄤ笅鐣ユ湁鐮旂┒,鏄繖鏍,涓鍝佸ぇ鍛樼殑椤剁彔鏄孩瀹濈煶,浜屽搧鏄孩鐝婄憵,3鍝佹槸钃濆疂鐭,4鍝佹槸闈掗噾鐭,5鍝佹槸姘存櫠鐭,涓冨搧鐢ㄧ礌閲,鍏搧闀傝姳闃寸汗,閲戦《鏃犻グ,涔濆搧闀傝姳闃崇汗,閲戦《銆備簲鍝佷互涓婅呭甫瀛旈泙鑺辩繋,6鍝佷互涓嬪甫瑜愮窘钃濈繋 甯屾湜鑳藉府鍒颁綘O(鈭鈭)~
