尼采为什么后期批评叔本华
\u5c3c\u91c7\u540e\u671f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5bf9\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u8bba\u89e3\u7b54\uff1a
\u5c3c\u91c7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u6743\u529b\u610f\u5fd7\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u6d88\u6781\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5176\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u2014\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002
\u5c3c\u91c7\u81ea\u8eab\u5bf9\u4eba\u751f\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u654f\u611f\u548c\u4ed6\u4ece\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u90a3\u91cc\u6240\u611f\u609f\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u75db\u82e6\u4e4b\u60b2\u5207\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bfb\u6c42\u4eba\u751f\u62ef\u6551\u4e4b\u836f\u65b9\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u51b7\u6f20\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8bf4\u6559\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u4ece\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u89e3\u8131\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ece\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u89e3\u6551\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5374\u6bd4\u653f\u6cbb\u673a\u5668\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u66f4\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u4e4b\u751f\u547d\u88ab\u5f31\u5316\u3001\u88ab\u6bd2\u5bb3\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u4fbf\u5728\u5ba1\u7f8e\u9886\u57df\u5bfb\u6c42\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u6446\u8131\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u751f\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5c3c\u91c7\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u751f\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u3002
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5c06\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u547d\u529b\u6218\u80dc\u4eba\u751f\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u6700\u6839\u672c\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u9152\u795e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u9189\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u547d\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u6c38\u6052\u8f6e\u56de\u4e4b\u4eba\u751f\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f8e\u5316\u548c\u6b22\u60a6\u3002
\u56de\u7b54\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff01
\u5982\u6709\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u8fd8\u671b\u6d77\u6db5\uff01
\u8c22\u8c22\uff01
\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5c3c\u91c7\uff08\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aFriedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche\uff0c1844\u5e7410\u670815\u65e5\u20141900\u5e748\u670825\u65e5\uff09\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6279\u5224\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u72ec\u7279\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u8a00\u548c\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5c3c\u91c7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f71\u54cd\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0a\u3002
\u5728\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5076\u7136\u5730\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e7\u4e66\u644a\u4e0a\u8d2d\u5f97\u4e86\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u6b23\u559c\u82e5\u72c2\uff0c\u6bcf\u65e5\u51cc\u66682\u70b9\u4e0a\u5e8a\uff0c6\u65f6\u8d77\u5e8a\uff0c\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u795e\u7ecf\u8d28\u7684\u6fc0\u52a8\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u6b63\u5b64\u7acb\u65e0\u52a9\u5730\u7ecf\u5386\u7740\u67d0\u4e9b\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6fd2\u4e8e\u7edd\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u7684\u4e66\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u9762\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u6620\u73b0\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u4eba\u751f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u597d\u50cf\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3c\u91c7\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u50cf\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5929\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u73b0\u4e16\u6240\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u5176\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f55\u53ea\u5728\u4e66\u67b6\u7684\u504f\u50fb\u89d2\u843d\u624d\u627e\u5f97\u5230\uff1f\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u50cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53d4\u672c\u534e\u552f\u610f\u5fd7\u8bba\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u4ece\u6717\u683c\u3001\u65bd\u76ae\u5c14\u3001\u6cf0\u5e0c\u7c73\u52d2\u3001\u675c\u6797\u3001\u54c8\u7279\u66fc\u90a3\u91cc\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u56e0\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u52a0\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u5723\u9910\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6050\u614c\u3002
绛旓細灏奸噰锛1844锛1900锛夎揪灏旀枃鐨勫瀛愶紝淇炬柉楹︾殑寮熷厔锛鍙旀湰鍗鐨勫鐢熴傚凹閲囧槻寮勪簡鑻卞浗鐨勮繘鍖栬鑰咃紝涔熷槻寮勪簡绁炴潈璁鸿咃紝涓嶄粎濡傛锛屽凹閲囧槻寮勭潃涓鍒囨潈濞併備粠浼忓皵娉板埌瀛斿痉锛屼粠鍙旀湰鍗庡埌绌嗗嫆锛岄兘鏄粬鍢插紕鐨勫璞°備粬鍢插紕瀛斿痉鐨勨樹负浠栦汉鑰屾椿鈥欙紝浠栧槻寮勫彅鏈崕鐨勫埄浠栦富涔夛紝浠栦富寮犫滄垚涓轰綘鑷繁鈥濓紝浠栦富寮犫滀负鑷繁鑰屾椿鈥濓紝鈥...
绛旓細鏉冨姏鎰忓織寮曞嚭浜嗘案鎭掕疆鍥烇紝涓轰簡鑳藉瀹屽叏婊¤冻鏉冨姏鎰忓織鐨勮姹傦紝灏奸噰鍒涢犱簡瓒呬汉鐨勬蹇点傚凹閲囨槸涓涓Н鏋佸弽椹抽搴熸秷鏋佺殑鏃т紶缁熶环鍊肩殑鎴樺＋锛屼粬寮虹儓鎵瑰垽鐞嗘т富涔夊拰鍩虹潱鏁欑簿绁炲浜烘湰鎬х殑鍘嬫姂锛屽″鐢熷懡鏈兘鐨勫仴搴峰彂灞曘傦紙涓锛鍙旀湰鍗涓庡凹閲 灏奸噰鎵澶勭殑鏃朵唬浜轰滑楂樻壃鐞嗘у叧娉ㄧ墿璐ㄧ敓娲伙紝璁や负鐞嗘у拰绉戝鎶鏈兘缁欎汉甯︽潵缁堟瀬骞哥...
绛旓細鎰忓織涓讳箟鏄竴绉嶆妸浜虹殑鎰忓織缁濆鍖,绁炵鍖,鎶婃剰蹇楃湅鎴愭槸瀹囧畽鐨勬湰鍘熷拰涓囩墿鐨勬湰璐,璁や负鎰忓織楂樹簬鐞嗘х殑鍞績涓讳箟鍜岄潪鐞嗘т富涔夊摬瀛﹀璇,鏄幇浠ｈタ鏂逛汉鏈富涔夊摬瀛︽濇疆鐨勫紑鍒涙ф祦娲,鍏朵富瑕佷唬琛ㄤ汉鐗╂槸寰峰浗鍝插瀹鍙旀湰鍗鍜屽凹閲囥 灏奸噰鐨勫摬瀛︾洿鎺ヤ粠鍙旀湰鍗庝腑鏉,鍏惰憲浣溿婁綔涓烘剰蹇楀拰琛ㄨ薄鐨勪笘鐣屻嬬湡姝ｆ妸灏奸噰寮曞叆浜嗗摬瀛︿笘鐣屻備絾鍚庢湡灏奸噰鍗...
绛旓細鍏堕棿,鎴戣繕鍜屼粬鑱婁簡寰堥暱鏃堕棿鐨鍙旀湰鍗,浠栧厖婊℃俯鎯呭湴鎶婁粬鎵鍙栧緱鐨勬墍鏈夋垚灏卞綊鍔熶簬鍙旀湰鍗,骞朵笖瀵规垜璇,鍦ㄦ墍鏈夊摬瀛﹀涓,鍙旀湰鍗庢槸鎯熶竴鐞嗚В闊充箰绮鹃珦鐨勪汉銆傚晩,浣犲彲浠ユ兂璞,鎴戝惉鍒颁粬杩欐牱璇存椂鏄綍绛夐珮鍏淬傗 灏奸噰鏄湪鐡︽牸绾充竴鐢熺殑榧庣洓鏃舵湡寮濮嬩笌浠栫浉浜ょ殑,杩欎釜浼熶汉褰撴椂姝ｉ殣灞呭畬鎴愪粬鐨勫洓鑱斿墽銆傝屽凹閲囬暱鏈熶互鏉モ滀竴鐩撮渶瑕佸幓鐑埍銆佸幓...
绛旓細鍥犱负鍙旀湰鍗鐨勨滄偛瑙傚摬瀛︹濆浠栦骇鐢熶簡涓嶅ソ鐨勫奖鍝嶃灏奸噰鏈寮濮嬪鍙旀湰鍗庣殑璇勪环鏄潪甯哥Н鏋佺殑锛屼粬瑙夊緱鍙旀湰鍗庡氨鏄粬涓鐩磋瀵绘壘鐨勫甯堛傚彲鏄悗鏉ュ嵈鍙堣寰楋紝姝ｆ槸鍙旀湰鍗庣殑鈥滄偛瑙傚摬瀛︹濓紝鎵兼潃浜嗕粬鐨勯潚鏄ユⅵ鎯冲拰蹇箰锛岄偅鍙槸璁╀汉棰撳簾鐨勮櫄鏃犱富涔夛紝骞朵笖缁欎粬绮剧涓婂甫鏉ヤ簡鏋佸ぇ鍒涗激銆傝屼粬涓鐢熼兘鍦ㄧ敤鑷繁鐨勬剰蹇楁潵寮ヨˉ杩欑鍒涗激...
绛旓細灏奸噰锛屼竴鑸汉鎴栬浠ヤ负浠栨槸涓涓斁鑽′笉缇佺殑鐙備汉銆備絾鏄紝鐢熸椿鐨勪粬鍏跺疄鏄竴涓俯鍜岀殑鏅鸿呫鍙旀湰鍗锛屼竴鑸汉鎴栬浠ヤ负浠栨槸涓涓偛澶╂偗浜虹殑鎱堢ゥ鑰佸ご銆備絾鏄紝鐢熸椿涓殑浠栧叾瀹炲緢鏆磋簛鍒昏杽銆備粙缁 寮楅噷寰烽噷甯屄峰▉寤壜峰凹閲囷紙Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche锛1844骞10鏈15鏃モ1900骞8鏈25鏃ワ級锛屽摬瀛﹀銆佽鏂囧瀹 銆佹枃鍖栬瘎璁哄...
绛旓細灏奸噰璁や负鐢熷懡鏄病鏈夋剰涔夌殑锛岃繖璇存槑浠栨槸鎮茶鐨勶紝浣嗘槸浠栧悓鏃惰涓虹敓鍛界殑鎰忎箟灏辨槸涓烘棤鎰忎箟鐨勭敓鍛借祴浜堟剰涔夈備粬鐨勬湰璐ㄥ叾瀹炴槸绉瀬鐨勩傚氨鏄鐪煎厜铏界劧鎮茶锛屼絾鏄唴蹇冪殑鏈川鏄Н鏋佺殑銆
绛旓細璐瑰笇鐗瑰拰璋㈡灄锛岃浠栦滑鏄摬瀛﹂獥瀛愩備箣鍚庯紝浠栬繕鍘讳簡鏌忔灄澶у锛屼笉鎷胯柂淇稿湴璁叉巿浠栫殑鍝插浣撶郴锛屽彲鎯滃惉璇剧殑浜哄お灏戙備笌姝ょ浉鍚岋紝鍚勫ぇ瀛﹂兘涓嶇悊浼氬叾浜哄叾涔︼紝浼间箮瑕佽瘉瀹炰粬鐨勬柇瑷锛氬摬瀛︿笂鐨勪竴鍒囪繘姝ワ紝閮芥槸鍦ㄥ闄㈤棬澧欎箣澶栧彇寰楃殑銆灏奸噰涔熻锛氣滄渶浣垮痉鍥藉鑰呮伡鐏殑锛岃帿杩囦簬鍙旀湰鍗涓庝粬浠骏鐒朵笉鍚屻傗
绛旓細鍚岋細1鍙旀湰鍗鍜灏奸噰閮芥槸铏氭棤涓讳箟鑰咃紝鎬鐤戣鑰呭拰鍞剰蹇楄鑰咃紝閮芥鐤戜汉绫诲熀鏈煡璇嗭紝閮藉緢寮鸿皟绮剧鎰忓織鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ2鍙旀湰鍗庡湪鍝插涓婂凹閲囧湪鎬濇兂涓婇兘灞炰簬鏍囨柊绔嬪紓锛岀壒绔嬬嫭琛屼箣浜猴紝閮芥湁鎯宠秴鑴辩殑鎯虫硶銆3涓や汉鎬濇兂閮藉蹇冪悊瀛﹀拰绮剧鐥呭浜х敓褰卞搷銆4閮芥瘮杈冩劅鎬ч兘娌℃湁寰堥昏緫寰堜弗璋ㄧ殑璁鸿堪浠栦滑鐨勫摬瀛﹁鐐广5閮芥槸寰峰浗浜6閮...
绛旓細灏奸噰鐨勪竴鐢熷彧鐭殏褰撹繃鏁欐巿锛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎鏃跺厜閮芥槸鍦ㄦ梾琛屾垨鑰呴櫔浼存湅鍙嬩腑搴﹁繃鐨勩傛棭骞翠粬鐨勪竴浣嶅ソ鏈嬪弸灏辨槸闊充箰鑺傜摝鏍肩撼銆傚拰鍙旀湰鍗绫讳技銆傚凹閲囩殑钁椾綔銆婃煡鎷夊浘鏂壒鎷夈嬪彂琛ㄥ悗锛屼竴鐩存棤浜洪棶娲ャ傚埆璇村崠浜嗭紝閫佷汉涔熷彧閫佸嚭鍘讳竷鏈傚凹閲囧拰鍙旀湰鍗庝竴鏍凤紝璁や负涓栫晫鏄偛瑙傜殑锛屼絾浠栫殑瑙ｅ喅鍔炴硶涓嶆槸鍙旀湰鍗庣殑绂佹鍜岄冮伩锛岃屾槸鎻愬″簲璇...
