濮仲谦的“古心”体现在哪些方面
\u201c\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u96d5\u523b\u201d\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u4f5c\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\uff1a \u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u96d5\u523b
\u521b\u4f5c\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a \u660e\u672b\u6e05\u521d
\u6587\u5b66\u4f53\u88c1\uff1a \u6563\u6587
\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u5f20\u5cb1
\u5357\u4eac\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\uff0c\u53e4\u8c8c\u53e4\u5fc3\uff0c\u7ca5\u7ca5\u82e5\u65e0\u80fd\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u5176\u6280\u827a\u4e4b\u5de7\uff0c\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u7109\u3002\u5176\u7af9\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u5e1a\u3001\u4e00\u5237\uff0c\u7af9\u5bf8\u8033\uff0c\u52fe\u52d2\u6570\u5200\uff0c\u4ef7\u4ee5\u4e24\u8ba1\u3002\u7136\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u559c\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7528\u7af9\u4e4b\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e8b\u5200\u65a7\u4e3a\u5947\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7ecf\u5176\u624b\u7565\u522e\u78e8\u4e4b\uff0c\u800c\u9042\u5f97\u91cd\u4ef7\uff0c\u771f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u4e5f\u3002\u4ef2\u8c26\u540d\u566a\u751a\uff0c\u5f97\u5176\u4e00\u6b3e\uff0c\u7269\u8f84\u817e\u8d35\u3002\u4e09\u5c71\u8857\u6da6\u6cfd\u4e8e\u4ef2\u8c26\u4e4b\u624b\u8005\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u7109\uff0c\u800c\u4ef2\u8c26\u8d64\u8d2b\u81ea\u5982\u4e5f\u3002\u4e8e\u53cb\u4eba\u5ea7\u95f4\u89c1\u6709\u4f73\u7af9\u3001\u4f73\u7280\uff0c\u8f84\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e4b\u3002\u610f\u5076\u4e0d\u5c5e\uff0c\u867d\u52bf\u52ab\u4e4b\u3001\u5229\u5556\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u3002
\u8bd1\u6587
\u5357\u4eac\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\uff0c\u53e4\u6734\u7684\u5bb9\u8c8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u51e1\u4fd7\u7684\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5351\u5fae\u8c26\u606d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u80fd\u4e4b\u8f88\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u96d5\u523b\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6280\u827a\u9ad8\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u96d5\u523b\u7af9\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u5e1a\u3001\u4e00\u5237\uff0c\u7af9\u7247\u53ea\u662f\u65b9\u5bf8\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u800c\u4ef7\u503c\u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u4e24\u500d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7528\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\u7684\u7af9\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u5200\u780d\u65a7\u524a\u4e3a\u5947\u7279\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u7565\u5fae\u522e\u78e8\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5374\u4e8e\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u4ef7\uff0c\u771f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3002 \u3000\u3000
\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u753b\u96d5\u523b\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u9898\u5b57\uff0c\u6b64\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u98de\u6da8\u3002\u4e09\u5c71\u8857\u5f97\u5230\u4ef2\u8c26\u7684\u624b\u9898\u5b57\u800c\u83b7\u5229\u7684\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4eba\uff0e\u7136\u800c\u4ef2\u8c26\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u8d2b\u7a77\u5982\u6545\u3002\u5728\u53cb\u4eba\u5ea7\u95f4\u89c1\u6709\u4f73\u7af9\u3001\u4f73\u7280\uff0e\u7acb\u5373\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u96d5\u523b\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u52bf\u538b\u4eba\u3001\u4ee5\u5229\u8bf1\u4eba\uff0c\u7ec8\u7a76\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u96d5\u523b \u5357\u4eac\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\uff0c\u53e4\u8c8c\u53e4\u5fc3\uff0c\u7ca5\u7ca5\u82e5\u65e0\u80fd\u8005\uff1b\u7136\u5176\u6280\u827a\u4e4b\u5de7\uff0c\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u7109\u3002\u5176\u7af9\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u5e1a\u3001\u4e00\u5237\uff0c\u7af9\u5bf8\u8033\uff0c\u52fe\u52d2\u6570\u5200\uff0c\u4ef7\u4ee5\u4e24\u8ba1\u3002\u7136\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u559c\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7528\u7af9\u4e4b\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e8b\u5200\u65a7\u4e3a\u5947\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u7ecf\u5176\u624b\u7565\u522e\u78e8\u4e4b\uff0c\u800c\u9042\u5f97\u91cd\u4ef7\uff0c\u771f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u4e5f\u3002 \u4ef2\u8c26\u540d\u566a\u751a\uff0c\u5f97\u5176\u6b3e\uff0c\u7269\u8f84\u817e\u8d35\u3002\u4e09\u5c71\u8857\u6da6\u6cfd\u4e8e\u4ef2\u8c26\u4e4b\u624b\u8005\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u7109\uff0c\u800c\u4ef2\u8c26\u8d64\u8d2b\u81ea\u5982\u4e5f\u3002\u4e8e\u53cb\u4eba\u5ea7\u95f4\u89c1\u6709\u4f73\u7af9\u3001\u4f73\u7280\uff0c\u8f84\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e4b\u3002\u610f\u5076\u4e0d\u5c5e\uff0c\u867d\u52bf\u52ab\u4e4b\u3001\u5229\u5556\u4e4b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u3002 \u3010\u8bc4\u70b9\u3011 \u6b64\u6587\u76db\u8d5e\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u96d5\u523b\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u7cbe\u5de7\u3002 \u3010\u8bd1\u6587\u3011 \u5357\u4eac\u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\uff0c\u53e4\u6734\u7684\u5bb9\u8c8c\uff0c\u53e4\u6734\u7684\u3002\u7075\uff0e\u5351\u5fae\u8c26\u606d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u80fd\u4e4b\u8f88\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u96d5\u523b\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6280\u827a\u9ad8\u5de7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u593a\u5929\u5de5\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u96d5\u523b\u7af9\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u5e1a\u3001\u4e00\u5237\uff0c\u7af9\u7247\u53ea\u662f\u65b9\u5bf8\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u800c\u4ef7\u503c\u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u4e24\u500d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53c8\u5fc5\u7528\u76d8\u6839\u9519\u8282\u7684\u7af9\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u5200\u780d\u65a7\u524a\u4e3a\u5947\u7279\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u7565\u5fae\u522e\u78e8\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5374\u4e8e\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u53cc\u500d\u7684\u4ef7\u94b1\uff0c\u771f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3002 \u6fee\u4ef2\u8c26\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u753b\u96d5\u523b\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0a\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u9898\u5b57\uff0c\u6b64\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u98de\u6da8\u3002\u4e09\u5c71\u8857\u5f97\u5230\u4ef2\u8c26\u7684\u624b\u9898\u5b57\u800c\u83b7\u5229\u7684\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4eba\uff0e\u7136\u800c\u4ef2\u8c26\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u8d64\u8d2b\u81ea\u5982\u3002\u5728\u53cb\u4eba\u5ea7\u95f4\u89c1\u6709\u4f73\u7af9\u3001\u4f73\u7280\uff0e\u7acb\u5373\u81ea\u5df1\u52a8\u624b\u96d5\u523b\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u3002\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u52bf\u538b\u4eba\u3001\u4ee5\u5229\u8bf1\u4eba\uff0c\u7ec8\u7a76\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002
张岱《陶庵梦忆》说：“南京濮仲谦，古貌古心，粥粥若无能者绛旓細寮犲脖銆婇櫠搴垫ⅵ蹇嗐嬭锛氣滃崡浜婵徊璋锛屽彜璨鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫢鏃犺兘鑰
绛旓細鍗椾含婵徊璋锛屽彜璨鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫢鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦銆傚叾绔瑰櫒锛屼竴甯氥佷竴鍒凤紝绔瑰鑰筹紝鍕惧嫆鏁板垁锛屼环浠ヤ袱璁°傜劧鍏舵墍浠ヨ嚜鍠滆咃紝鍙堝繀鐢ㄧ涔嬬洏鏍归敊鑺傦紝浠ヤ笉浜嬪垁鏂т负濂囷紝鍒欐槸缁忓叾鎵嬬暐鍒（涔嬶紝鑰岄亗寰楅噸浠凤紝鐪熶笉鍙В涔熴備徊璋﹀悕鍣敋锛屽緱鍏朵竴娆撅紝鐗╄緞鑵捐吹銆備笁灞辫娑︽辰浜庝徊璋︿箣鎵嬭呮暟...
绛旓細婢勶細瀛椾徊璋︼紝鏄庢湯娓呭垵閲戦櫟娲剧鍒诲垱濮嬩汉锛屽埢绔规妧娉曚笌鍢夊畾鈥滀笁鏈扁濊骏寮傦紝涓嶈愮簿闆曠粏鐞紝寰寰鍙氨鍏跺ぉ鐒跺舰鎬侊紝绋嶅姞鍑跨（鍗冲凡鎴愬櫒銆傚尃蹇冪嫭杩愶紝浠ヨ嚜鐒跺ぉ瓒ｈ鑳滐紝鍚嶅０鍣敋銆傚紶宀便婇櫠搴垫ⅵ蹇嗐嬭锛氣滃崡浜婵徊璋锛屽彜璨鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫤鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦鈥︹︾劧鍏舵墍浠ヨ嚜鍠滆咃紝鍙堝繀鐢ㄧ涔嬬洏鏍...
绛旓細浣犱粩缁嗛槄璇伙紝灏辫兘鏄庣櫧鎰忔濇槸锛氬崡浜殑婵徊璋锛屾嫢鏈夊彜鏈寸殑瀹硅矊鍙ゆ湸鐨勬濇兂锛屾煍寮辩殑鏍峰瓙鍍忔槸涓涓病鏈夋墠鑳界殑浜猴紝鐒惰屼粬鎶鑹洪珮瓒咃紝宸уず澶╁伐銆傛寜鐓х幇浠ｆ眽璇殑杩欑璇绘硶锛屽氨寰堝鏄撴柇鍙ヤ负锛氬崡浜慨浠茶唉/鍙よ矊鍙ゅ績/绮ョ播鑻ユ棤鑳借/鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸/澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦
绛旓細绛旓細銆婵徊璋闆曞埢銆嬪師鏂囧涓嬶細鍗椾含婵徊璋︼紝鍙よ矊鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫢鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦銆傚叾绔瑰櫒锛屼竴甯氥佷竴鍒凤紝绔瑰鑰筹紝鍕惧嫆鏁板垁锛屼环浠ヤ袱璁°傜劧鍏舵墍浠ヨ嚜鍠滆咃紝鍙堝繀鐢ㄧ涔嬬洏鏍归敊鑺傦紝浠ヤ笉浜嬪垁鏂т负濂囷紝鍒欐槸缁忓叾
绛旓細褰撴椂,閲戦櫟绔规淳浼犱汉澶氫互婵徊璋娴呭埢鐨勨滃ぇ鐠炰笉鏂濅负鏃ㄥ綊,鍒娉曞磭灏氱畝鐜囨嫏鏈,浠ヨ嚜鐒跺ぉ瓒ｅ拰鍐嶇幇涔︾敾绗旀儏澧ㄨ叮涓烘渶楂樿拷姹傘備粬浠涓虹簿闆曠粏鐞,鏄撻湶鍖犳皵,鍖犱汉浣滃搧,宸ュ阀鏈変綑,鑰屽ぉ瓒ｄ笉瓒炽傚湪棰樻潗涓,闄ょ敾鏈佸皬鍍忓,澶氬悕瀹朵功鐢,钄灉灏忓搧,鎴栬嚜棰樿嚜鍒,灏ゅ枩鎽瑰埢閲戠煶鏂囧瓧,浜浣撶幇浜嗘枃浜虹殑鍋忓ソ銆傚搧绉嶄互鎵囬銆佽噦鎼併佺瑪绛...
绛旓細)锛屽濮撴慨闃筹紝鍗曠О濮撴慨锛屽瓧浠茶唉銆傜敓浜庝竾鍘嗗崄骞(1582)锛屾竻鍒濆皻鍋ュ湪銆傛槸褰撴椂钁楀悕鐨勯晜鍒诲悕瀹躲傚紶宀便婇櫠搴垫ⅵ蹇嗐嬭锛氬崡浜婵徊璋锛屽彜璨鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫢鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦銆傚叾绔瑰櫒锛屼竴甯氫竴鍒凤紝绔瑰鑰筹紝鍕惧嫆鏁板垁锛屼环浠ヤ袱璁°傜劧鍏舵墍浠ヨ嚜鍠滆咃紝鍙堝繀鐢ㄧ涔嬬洏鏍归敊鑺傦紝浠ヤ笉浜嬪垁鏂т负濂囷紝鍒...
绛旓細涓浗鍙や唬鏄竴涓互鎵嬪伐涓氳憲绉扮殑鍥藉锛屼腑鍥藉尃浜虹殑鎵嬭壓鎶鏈笌宸у鏋勬濓紝涓鐩翠綅鍒楀叏鐞冧箣棣栥傚叾鎶鏈湁澶氶珮鏄庯紝浠庛婵徊璋闆曞埢銆嬩腑鎵鍐欑殑"鍗椾含婵徊璋︼紝鍙よ矊鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫢鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦銆傚叾绔瑰櫒锛屼竴甯氥佷竴鍒凤紝绔瑰鑰筹紝鍕惧嫆鏁板垁锛屼环浠ヤ袱璁°"渚垮彲瑙佷竴鏂戙傜旱浣挎槸鍒颁簡鐜颁唬锛屼腑鏂瑰湪鎵...
绛旓細婵緞锛屽瓧浠茶唉锛屽師澶嶅婵槼锛屽悗浜哄彇鍏跺绗竴瀛楋紝鍗曞瓧婵緞銆傚叾闆曞埢鎶鑹鸿秴鍗擄紝鍠滅敤鐩樻牴閿欒妭鐨勭璺熷埗鍣紝鏄椿璺冧簬鏄庝唬鍢夐潠銆佷竾鍘嗘椂鏈熼噾闄典竴甯﹁憲鍚嶇殑绔瑰埢瀹讹紝寮鍒涗簡绔归洉鑹烘湳閲戦櫟涓娲俱傚紶宀便婇櫠搴垫ⅵ蹇嗐嬭锛氥庡崡浜婵徊璋锛屽彜璨鍙ゅ績锛岀播绮ヨ嫤鏃犺兘鑰咃紝鐒跺叾鎶鑹轰箣宸э紝澶哄ぉ宸ョ剦鐒跺叾鎵浠ヨ嚜鍠滆咃紝鍙堝繀鐢ㄧ涔...
绛旓細(1)绠鏋愭枃涓婵徊璋杩欎釜浜虹墿褰㈣薄銆 婵徊璋﹀璨屽彜鏈淬佽唉鍗,濂藉儚鏃犺兘鐨勬牱瀛,鍗磋韩鎬楂樿秴鐨勯洉鍒绘妧鑹恒 浠栧畨璐箰閬撱佷箰浜庡姪浜,涓嶄负鏉冨娍鍜岄噾閽辫屾敼鍙樿嚜宸辩殑蹇楄叮銆 (2)鍒嗘瀽鏈枃濡備綍杩愮敤瀵规瘮鎵嬫硶澧炲己琛ㄨ揪鏁堟灉銆 鏈枃浠庝笁涓鏂归潰瀵规瘮,绐佸嚭婵徊璋﹂珮瓒呯殑鎶鑹哄拰楂樺皻鐨勫搧寰枫備竴銆佸璨岃唉鍗,濂藉儚鏃犺兘,鍗存湁宸уず澶╁伐鐨勬妧鑹;浜屻...
