c3植物和c4植物在叶片结果和光合作用特征方面的异同 C3和C4植物和CAM植物在碳代谢上有什么异同点?
\u8bba\u8ff0C3\u690d\u7269\u3001C4\u690d\u7269\u548cCAM\u690d\u7269\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5149\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f02\u540cc3\u9014\u5f84\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u7fa7\u5316\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u518d\u751f3\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002
\u3000\u3000(1)\u7fa7\u5316\u9636\u6bb5
\u6307\u8fdb\u5165\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684co2\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f53rubp\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u751f\u6210pga\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000(2)\u8fd8\u539f\u9636\u6bb5
\u6307\u5229\u7528\u540c\u5316\u529b\u5c063-\u78f7\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u9178\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u7518\u6cb9\u919b-3-\u78f7\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000(3)\u518d\u751f\u9636\u6bb5
\u7518\u6cb9\u919b-3-\u78f7\u9178\u91cd\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u6838\u916e\u7cd6-1\uff0c5-\u4e8c\u78f7\u9178\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
cam\u690d\u7269\u4e0ec4\u690d\u7269\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539fco2\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u7531c4\u9014\u5f84\u56fa\u5b9aco2\uff0cc3\u9014\u5f84\u8fd8\u539fco2\uff0c\u90fd\u7531pep\u7fa7\u5316\u9176\u56fa\u5b9a\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684co2\uff0c\u7531rubisco\u7fa7\u5316c4\u4e8c\u7fa7\u9178\u8131\u7fa7\u91ca\u653e\u7684co2\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1ac4\u690d\u7269\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4(\u767d\u5929)\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4(\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7ef4\u7ba1\u675f\u9798\u7ec6\u80de)\u5b8c\u6210co2\u56fa\u5b9a(c4\u9014\u5f84)\u548c\u8fd8\u539f(c3\u9014\u5f84)\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u800ccam\u690d\u7269\u5219\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4(\u9ed1\u591c\u548c\u767d\u5929)\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u7a7a\u95f4(\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de)\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684
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27\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u5173C4\u9014\u5f84\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u5c55\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ec5\u53d1\u73b0C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8eC4\u9014\u5f84\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u5728\u690d\u7269\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5747\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6709\u5173C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u9ad8\u5149\u6548\u54c1\u7cfb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u6539\u9020\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u548c\u9ad8\u4ea7\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002
1 C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6
C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u800c\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u30021953\u5e74Calvin\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185C3\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c1965\u5e74Kortschack\u7b49\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7518\u8517\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230CO2\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u56db\u78b3\u9178\uff0c1966\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684Hatch\u5728\u7518\u8517\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86C4\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\u690d\u7269\u754c\u5149\u5408\u78b3\u540c\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e86C3\u9014\u5f84\u548cC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0C3\u690d\u7269\u548cC4\u690d\u7269\u7684\u533a\u5206\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002Duffus\u7b49(1973)\u62a5\u9053\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u5927\u9ea6\u9896\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u4e8e\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u800cPEPCase\u662fC4\u9014\u5f84\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u6027\u9176\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002Nutbeam\u7b49(1976)\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u975e\u6210\u719f\u7684C3\u4f5c\u7269\u5927\u9ea6\u79cd\u5b50\u56fa\u5b9aCO21 min\u540e\uff0c84%\u768414C\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u5728\u620a\u7cd6\u78f7\u9178\u548c\u8517\u7cd6\u4e2d\u3002\u56fa\u5b9a\u540e2 min\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u8bb0\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u8517\u7cd6\uff0c6\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u8517\u7cd6\u4e2d\u768414C\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a14CO2\u768494%\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u7c9f\u7c73\u8349\u5c5e(Mollugo nudicaulis)\u4e2d\u540c\u4e00\u690d\u7269\u5185\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684C3\u548cC4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5ae9\u53f6\u5c5eC3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8001\u53f6\u5c5eC4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e2d\u90e8\u53f6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5176\u5b83C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u53d1\u73b0\u6709C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u5bbd\u53f6\u9999\u84b2(Typha latifolia)\u548c\u82ab\u837d(Coriandrum sativum)(\u5218\u632f\u4e1a\u7b49\uff0c1983)\u3002Cheng\u7b49(1988)\uff0cMoore\u7b49(1989)\u548cKu\u7b49(1991)\u66fe\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u9ec4\u82b1\u83ca\u5c5e(Flaveria)\u4e2d\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51faC4\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u53e6\u5916Bowes\u7b49(1989)\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u6c34\u97ed\u5c5e(Isoeres)\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Reiskind\u7b49(1997)\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u4e24\u6816\u690d\u7269\u9ed1\u85fb(Hydrilla verticillata)\uff0c\u5728\u51ac\u5b63C3\u4ee3\u8c22\u5f88\u65fa\u76db\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u590f\u5b63\u6c34\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u201cKranz\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684C4\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u690d\u7269CO2\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\uff0cC3\u548cC4\u9014\u5f84\u4e0d\u662f\u622a\u7136\u5206\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u3002
Hatch\u7b49(1990)\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5224\u5b9a\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709C4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u2460\u9176\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373C4\u9014\u5f84\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9176PEPCase\uff0cNAD(P)-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u9176\uff0cNAD(P)-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\uff0c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176\u53ca\u78b3\u9178\u9150\u9176\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0eC3\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540c\u529f\u9176\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6d3b\u6027\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u246114CO2\u793a\u8e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff1aCO2\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3aC4\u9178\u5373\u82f9\u679c\u9178(Mal)\u548c\u5929\u51ac\u6c28\u9178(Asp)\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u673a\u9178\u8131\u7fa7\u540e\uff0cCO2\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5982\u7cd6\u7c7b\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002
1.1 \u9176\u5b66\u7814\u7a76
\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9176\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u505a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6210\u679c\u3002PEPCase\u662fC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u6700\u521d\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0cPEPCase\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eC4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8eC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u3002Ting\u7b49(1973)\u8ba4\u4e3aC3\u690d\u7269PEPCase\u5bf9\u5e95\u7269PEP\uff0cHCO�3\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u4e5f\u6bd4C4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u540c\u529f\u9176\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u7ea6\u9ad86\u500d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64PEPCase\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u78b3\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6d3b\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u8457\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5982\u70df\u8349\u611f\u67d3\u82b1\u53f6\u75c5\u6bd2\u65f6\uff0cRUBPase\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u88abPEPCase\u4ee3\u507f\uff1b\u5c0f\u9ea6\u548c\u5927\u8c46\u5728\u5e72\u65f1\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cPEPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u53ef\u88ab\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd1\u6765\uff0cJenkins(1989)\u7528PEPCase\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u6291\u5236\u52423\uff0c3-2\u6c2f-2-(\u4e8c\u7f9f\u81a6\u7532\u57fa)-\u4e19\u70ef\u916f(DCDP)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u5149\u5408\u9176PEPCase\u5bf9CO2\u7684\u540c\u5316\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u90dd\u4e43\u658c\u7b49(1991b)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u8c46\u4e0d\u540c\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase/RuBPCase\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u5dee\u5f02\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e3a0.27\uff0c\u800c\u79cd\u76ae\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u4e3a8.66\uff0c\u5b50\u53f6\u4e2d\u4e3a6.49\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u8c46\u79cd\u76ae\u548c\u5b50\u53f6\u4e2dPEPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u8981\u6bd4\u8be5\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684RuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa\u51e0\u500d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cPEPCase\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5927\u91cf\u56fa\u5b9a\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u91ca\u653e\u7684CO2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7C4\u9014\u5f84\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\u3002C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u201cCO2\u6cf5\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5149\u5408\u78b3\u5faa\u73af\u7684CO2\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7fRuBPCase\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u65b9\u5411\u671d\u7740\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002Kelly(1977)\u7b49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0eC4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u78b3\u540c\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u901f\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u3002
\u78b3\u9178\u9150\u9176(CA)\u5728C4\u5149\u5408\u4e2d\u662f\u79cd\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u5b83\u50ac\u5316CO2\u5230HCO�3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u800cHCO�3\u662fPEPCase\u7684\u5e95\u7269\u3002Hatch\u7b49(1990)\u5229\u7528\u751f\u5316\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cCA\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28CA\u548c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53CA\uff0cC4\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684CA\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28CA\uff0c\u800cC3\u690d\u7269\u7684CA\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53CA\uff0c\u8fd92\u79cdCA\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5bf9CO2\u7684\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u548c\u5bf9\u6291\u5236\u5242\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002Popova\u7b49(1990)\u53d1\u73b0CA\u4f4d\u4e8eC3\u690d\u7269\u7684\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u56e0\u690d\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u572886%\uff5e96%\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0cCA\u540c\u6837\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c06CO2\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aHCO-3\uff0c\u4e3aPEPCase\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e95\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3aC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684C4\u9014\u5f84\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176(PPDK)\u662fC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u9176\uff0cDuffus\u7b49(1973)\u5728\u5927\u9ea6\u9896\u679c\u7684\u9752\u8272\u79cd\u76ae\u4e2d\uff0cKisaki\u7b49(1973)\u5728\u70df\u8349\u7684\u5e7c\u82d7\u53caMeyer(1982)\u5728\u672a\u719f\u7684\u5c0f\u9ea6\u9896\u679c\u4e2d\u76f8\u7ee7\u53d1\u73b0PPDK\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002Aoyagi\u7b49(1986)\u5e74\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0eC4\u690d\u7269\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176(PPDK)\u3002Hata\u7b49(1987)\u53caAoyagi\u7b49(1984)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cPPDK\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5c0f\u9ea6\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\uff1bImaizumi(1991)\u901a\u8fc7Northern blot\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u79cd\u5b50\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\u6709PPDK\u5b58\u5728\u3002Rosche\u7b49(1994)\u8ba4\u4e3aPPDK\u662fC4\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9176\uff0c\u5b83\u50ac\u5316\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\u7684\u6700\u521d\u53d7\u4f53PEP\u7684\u518d\u751f\u3002PPDK\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u5df2\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u7684\u5149\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u88ab\u6d4b\u5b9a\u3002Imaizumi\u7b49(1997b)\u53d1\u73b0\u6c34\u7a3b\u5f00\u82b16\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u7684\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u4e2d14C\u5206\u5e03\u6bd4\u5f00\u82b1\u521d\u671f\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u7684PPDK\u5728\u5f00\u82b16 d\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5f00\u82b1\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0cPPDK\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u7684C4\u4ee3\u8c22\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5df2\u62a5\u9053C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684PPDK\u4e0eC4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684PPDK\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9176\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u88ab\u5149\u6fc0\u6d3b(Aoyogi\u7b49\uff0c1984)\uff0c\u5bf9\u51b7\u80c1\u8feb\u7684\u654f\u611f(Aoyogi\u7b49\uff0c1984)\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u6027\u8d28(Meyer\u7b49\uff0c1982)\u7b49\u3002Hata\u7b49(1987)\u53d1\u73b0C3\u690d\u7269\u6c34\u7a3b\u5e7c\u82d7\u4f53\u5185\u7684PPDK\u4e0eC4\u690d\u7269\u7389\u7c73\u7684PPDK\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\uff0c\u6297\u539f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7c07\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\u3002
Edwards\u7b49(1983)\u8ba4\u4e3aNAD(P)-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u9176\u662f\u50ac\u5316L-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u8131\u7fa7\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u5728C3\uff0cC4\u53caCAM\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u3002Scheibe(1990)\u53d1\u73b0NADP-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\u662f\u50ac\u5316\u8349\u9170\u4e59\u9178\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aMal\u7684\u9176\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3aC3\u690d\u7269\u7684NADP-MDH\u5728\u78b3\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e2d\u4e0eC4\u578b\u690d\u7269\u7684NADP-MDH\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002
\u5728\u5927\u8c46\u7684\u8c46\u835a\uff0c\u897f\u7ea2\u67ff\u7684\u679c\u76ae\uff0c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u53ca\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u9896\u679c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cdC3-C4\u4e2d\u95f4\u578b\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u7684\u5149\u5408\u9014\u5f84(Edwards\u7b49\uff0c1983)\u3002\u6709\u5173C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5149\u5408\u9176\uff0c\u5982PEPCase\uff0cPPDK\uff0cNAD(P)-ME\u53caNAD(P)-MDH\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5927\u9ea6\u548c\u5c0f\u9ea6\u7684\u7a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8c46\u7684\u8c46\u835a\u4e2d\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684PEPCase\u548cRuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u7ea2\u67ff\u7684\u679c\u76ae\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002Imaizumi\u7b49(1991\uff0c1997a)\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u56ed\u9525\u82b1\u5e8f\u7684\u5916\u7a03\u548c\u5185\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u9176(PEPCase\uff0cPPDK\uff0cNAD(P)-ME\u53caNAD(P)-MDH)\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5728RuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u768467%\uff5e171%\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d6e\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4ee3\u8c22\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Latzko\u7b49(1983)\u8ba4\u4e3aC3\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684PEPCase\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u884c\u4f7fC4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u5916\u754cCO2\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u82f9\u679c\u9178\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u751f\u6210\u7684Mal\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u7684pH\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e09\u7fa7\u9178\u5faa\u73af(TCA)\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u7269\u6765\u53c2\u4e0e\u547c\u5438\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002
1.2 CO2\u540c\u5316\u540e\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7\u7269\u53ca\u8f6c\u6362
Hatch\u7b49(1961)\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728C4\u9014\u5f84\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u5916\u754cCO2\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u82f9\u679c\u9178(Mal)\u548c\u5929\u51ac\u6c28\u9178(Asp)\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u752814CO2\u793a\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660eC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\u7684C4\u9014\u5f84\u5149\u5408\u9176\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4eceCO2\u540c\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bc1\u5b9eC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
Nutbeam\u7b49(1976)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728C3\u4f5c\u7269\u5927\u9ea6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\u7684PEPCase\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5229\u752814CO2\u793a\u8e2a\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e14C\u7684\u6700\u521d\u56fa\u5b9a\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a\u56db\u78b3\u9178\u2014Mal\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f3-\u78f7\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u9178(3-PGA)\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u9ea6\u7a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u793a\u8e2a\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cCO2\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3aMal\u548cAsp\u3002
Imaizumi\u7b49(1997b)\u53d1\u73b0\u6c34\u7a3b\u5706\u9525\u82b1\u5e8f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9ad8\u7684CO2\u540c\u5316\u901f\u7387(\u5728\u53f6\u7eff\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a)\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u5706\u9525\u82b1\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684C4\u9014\u5f84\u9176\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u752814C\u8109\u51b212C\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u7ea635%\u548c25%\u768414C\u5206\u522b\u56fa\u5b9a\u57283-PGA\u548cMal\u4e2d\u3002\u5728C4\u9178\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u768414C\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u9014\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3aC3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u5229\u7528PEPCase\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\u3002
Imaizumi\u7b49(1997b)\u5229\u7528LED\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76CO2\u540c\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u5706\u9525\u82b1\u5e8f\u7684\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728C4\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u6240\u8c13LED\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5916\u754c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a5\u53d7\u5149\u716720\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5173\u6389\u5149\u6e90\uff0c\u6ce8\u5c04\u8fdb14CO2\uff0c\u4f7f14CO2\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u8fbe\u52300.03%\u3002\u5728\u6697\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a14CO2 120 s\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5149\u7167\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u542b12CO2\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u4ee3\u66ff14CO2\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u53f6\u7247\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6d4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u768414C\u542b\u91cf\u3002Samejima\u7b49(1978)\u66fe\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c\u5229\u7528LED\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u7389\u7c73\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u768414C\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728Mal\u548cAsp\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728LED\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6697\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c14C\u6c34\u5e73\u4fdd\u6301\u6052\u5b9a\u3002C4\u690d\u7269\u7389\u7c73\u53f6\u7247\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fC4\u9178\u7684C-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u768414C\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u5149\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c\u6697\u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u768414C\u79ef\u7d2f\u5728Mal\u548cAsp\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0e\u7389\u7c73\u768414CO2\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u3002Samejima\u7b49(1978)\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u771f\u7a7a\u6e17\u5165\u6cd5\u628aNaH14CO3\u6eb6\u6db2\u76f4\u63a5\u9972\u5582\u7ed9\u7389\u7c73\u53f6\u7247\u7684\u9798\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c14CO2\u7684\u5149\u5408\u8d77\u59cb\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3a3-PGA\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u901a\u8fc7LED\u6280\u672f\uff0c14CO2\u7684\u6700\u521d\u4ea7\u7269\u4e3aMal\u548cAsp\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7528\u771f\u7a7a\u6e17\u5165\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7531\u5c11\u91cf\u7684RuBPCase\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7389\u7c73\u53f6\u7247\u7684PEPCase\u4f5c\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u9884\u5149\u7167\u671f\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u5149\u7167\u4e2d\u6b62\u6cd5\uff0cRuBPCase\u6d3b\u529b\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5C3\u9014\u5f84\u56fa\u5b9aCO2\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u6bd4RuBPCase\u6d3b\u529b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684PEPCase\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83C4\u9014\u5f84\u5149\u5408\u9176\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5229\u7528LED\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u768414C\u6807\u8bb0\u7684C4\u9176\uff0c\u800c\u4e14Mal\u4e2d\u768414C\u4e3b\u8981\u8f6c\u79fb\u52303-PGA\u548c\u8517\u7cd6\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7740C4\u9014\u5f84\u3002
\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662fC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u5230\u56db\u78b3\u9178\u7684CO2\u662f\u5426\u50cfC4\u690d\u7269\u90a3\u6837\u76f4\u63a5\u7531PEPCase\u50ac\u5316\u56fa\u5b9a\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff1b\u6216\u50cf\u6765\u81eaRuBPCase\u6240\u50ac\u5316\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684CO2\u5148\u88abC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684RuBPCase\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u4ea7\u7269\u5982\u8517\u7cd6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u89e3\u4ea7\u751f\u7684CO2\u88abPEPCase\u91cd\u65b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002Hatch(1976)\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728C4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c95%\u7684Mal\u4e2d\u768414C\u4f4d\u4e8eC-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0cMal\u768414C\u53ea\u670960%\u4f4d\u4e8eC-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c33%\u4f4d\u4e8eC-1\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002Imaizumi(1997b)\u91c7\u752814CO2\u793a\u8e2a\u548cLED\u6280\u672f\u8bc1\u660e\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u670990%\u548c71%\u768414C\u51fa\u73b0\u5728Mal\u4e2d\u3002\u572814CO2\u793a\u8e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5149\u716710\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\uff0c90%\u768414C\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u5728Mal\u7684C-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5728\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u65d7\u53f6\u4e2d\uff0cMal\u4e2d\u768414C\u53ea\u670972%\u5728C-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u768414CO2\u662f\u901a\u8fc7PEPCase\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002Samejima\u7b49(1978)\u7528\u793a\u8e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cC4\u690d\u7269\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684C4\u9178\u4e2d\u768414C\u90fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u4e2d\u56db\u78b3\u9178\u768414C\uff0c\u5927\u7ea650%\u8fdb\u5165\u52303-PGA\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u78f7\u9178\u7cd6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u768414C\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u751f\u5316\u9014\u5f84\u4e2d\u7f13\u6162\u4ee3\u8c22\uff0c\u5982\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u5408\u6210\u6216\u7cd6\u5f02\u751f\u9014\u5f84\u7b49\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\u6c34\u7a3b\u5916\u7a03\u7684C4\u9178\u4ee3\u8c22\u50cfC4\u690d\u7269\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u5149\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u7684\u3002
Usuda\u7b49(1973)\u8ba4\u4e3a14C\u4eceMal\u52303-PGA\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u67092\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\uff1a1)Mal\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u768414CO2\u88abRuBPCase\u91cd\u65b0\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f3-PGA\uff1b2)Mal\u8131\u7fa7\u4ea7\u751f\u4e19\u916e\u9178\uff0c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u7ecf\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u518d\u4ea7\u751f3-PGA\u3002\u82e5Mal\u4e2d\u768414C\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u4f4d\u4e8eC-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\u3002Imaizumi\u7b49(1997b)\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a14CO2 10 s\u548cLED\u7684110 s\u540e\uff0cMal\u4e2d\u768414C\u5206\u522b\u670990%\u548c83%\u4f4d\u4e8eC-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u529b\u5730\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
Nutbeam\u7b49(1976)\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc714CO2\u9972\u5582\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u9ea6\u9896\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u9896\u7247\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9bC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6c34\u7a3b\u5f00\u82b1\u540e30 d\uff0c\u4ece\u5706\u9525\u82b1\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u9896\u7247(\u5f00\u82b1\u540e60 d\uff0c\u8c37\u7c92\u6210\u719f)\uff0c\u5728\u9972\u558214CO2 1 min\u540e\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u662fMal\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5582\u997214CO2\uff0c14C\u6807\u8bb0\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8517\u7cd6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9eMal\u4e2d\u7684C-4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u768414C\u8f6c\u79fb\u52303-PGA\u7684C-1\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u9176\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u56db\u78b3\u9178\u4ee3\u8c22\u5747\u53ef\u5145\u5206\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7740C4\u9014\u5f84\u3002
2 C4\u9014\u5f84\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8
2.1 C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u9176\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55
\u968f\u7740C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bc1\u5b9e\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u4e86\u89e3C4\u9014\u5f84\u9176\u7c7b\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002Agarie\u7b49(1997)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fPPDK\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4e24\u6816\u7c7b\u690d\u7269\u8378\u8360(Eleocharis)\u4f53\u5185\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8378\u8360\u5728\u9646\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884cC4\u578b\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6c34\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884cC3\u65b9\u5f0fCO2\u540c\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u9646\u751f\u548c\u6c34\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176(PPDK)\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0ppdk1\u548cppdk2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002PPDK1\u86cb\u767d\u662fcDNA\u7684\u6838\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u7801\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684N\u7aef\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u80bd\uff0c\u7136\u800cPPDK2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u56e0\u6b64ppdk1\u548cppdk2\u5206\u522b\u7f16\u7801\u4e00\u4e2a\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53PPDK1\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28PPDK2\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684Southern\u5370\u8ff9\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8378\u8360\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5c0f\u7684ppdk\u57fa\u56e0\u5bb6\u65cf\u3002Northern\u5370\u8ff9\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\u65e0\u8bba\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53PPDK1\u6216\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28PPDK2\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5149\u5408\u5668\u5b98\u2014\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8378\u8360\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53f6\u7247\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5149\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u690d\u7269\u4f9d\u8d56\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5149\u5408\u5668\u5b98(\u5373C3\u7c7b\u578b\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u548cC4\u7c7b\u578b\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6)\uff0c\u5f53\u6c34\u751f\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u9732\u51fa\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u5c31\u8fc5\u901f\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u800c\u957f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u5c31\u5177\u6709Kranz\u7ed3\u6784\u548cC4\u5149\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5177\u6709C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u9646\u751f\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\u88ab\u6df9\u6ca1\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u8fc7\u6e21\u6001\u65b0\u7a7a\u5fc3\u79c6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u6709C3\u65b9\u5f0f\u5149\u5408\uff0c\u5373\u4eceC4\u65b9\u5f0f\u9010\u6e10\u5411C3\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u5728C4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0cPPDK\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u50ac\u5316\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u5411PEP\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u3002PPDK\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u5728\u8f6c\u5f55\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8c03\u63a7\u3002PPDK\u662f\u6838DNA\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u70b9\u8f6c\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u52a8\u5b50\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u8f6c\u5f55\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53PPDK\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f6c\u8fd0\u80bd\uff1b\u5c0f\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28PPDK\u3002\u4e24\u6816\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8378\u8360\uff0c\u5176\u5149\u5408\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u9610\u660eC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u673a\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u5173\u540c\u4e00\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u8fbe\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u751f\u957f\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e24\u6816\u7c7b\u8378\u8360\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76C4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9C3\uff0cC4\uff0cC3-C4\u7684PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u884c\u514b\u9686\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u8868\u8fbe\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002Hermans(1990)\u5728\u9ec4\u82b1\u83ca\u5c5e(Flaveria)\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u6709C3\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cC3\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\uff0cC3-C4\uff0cC4\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5b83\u4eec\u7684PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u7531\u5171\u540c\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7956\u5148\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cC4\u690d\u7269PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0eC3\u690d\u7269PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u670971%\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u3002Gupta\u7b49(1994)\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf1\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f7fC3\u690d\u7269\u51b0\u53f6\u65e5\u4e2d\u82b1(M.crystallinum)\u4e2dPEPCase\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u8f6c\u5f55\u6c34\u5e73\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002Hermans\u7b49(1990)\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76C3\u548cC4\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u9176\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u79cd\u9ec4\u82b1\u83ca\u5c5e\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6bb5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u662f\u7531\u5171\u540c\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u57fa\u56e0\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8c08\u5230\u5728\u690d\u7269\u4e2dCA\u6709C4\u578b(\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28CA)\u548cC3\u578b(\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53CA)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u57fa\u56e0\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u8868\u8fbe\u3002Badger\u7b49(1994)\u6307\u51fa\u4e24\u79cdCA\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e24\u79cdCA\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6709\u5173C4\u690d\u7269\u4e0eC3\u690d\u7269PEPCase\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u533a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4f7f\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684PEPCase\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5373C4\u690d\u7269\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800cC3\u690d\u7269\u5219\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5149\u8c03\u8282\u5149\u5408\u9176\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u7406\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u6e90\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fee\u9970\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\uff0c\u4f7fC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u9176\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5462?\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48C4\u9014\u5f84\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u5149\u5408\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u7269\u6539\u826f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9014\u5f84\u3002
2.2 \u5f71\u54cdC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u56e0\u7d20
2.2.1 \u73af\u5883\u56e0\u5b50 Ueno\u7b49(1988)\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u6816\u7c7b\u690d\u7269\u8378\u8360\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5316\u6210\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u957f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3001\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5149\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u9646\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3aC4\u78b3\u4ee3\u8c22\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u6c34\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3aC3\u690d\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u3002Teese(1995)\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ec4\u82b1\u83ca\u5c5e\u7684lineanis\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u9014\u5f84\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8CO2\u540c\u5316\u6548\u7387\u3002Reiskind(1989)\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684CO2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7fC3\u690d\u7269\u8bf1\u5bfc\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u690d\u7269\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5149\u547c\u5438\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548cCO2\u8865\u507f\u70b9\u964d\u4f4e\u3002Reiskind\u7b49(1997)\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u85fb(Hydrilla)\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u533a\u57df\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u6613\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf1\u5bfc\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3cC4\u9014\u5f84\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8CO2\u540c\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u7814\u7a76C3\u690d\u7269\u8bf1\u5bfc\u51fa\u73b0C4\u5149\u5408\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u9ed1\u85fb\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002
2.2.2 \u690d\u7269\u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd \u5f71\u54cdC4\u9014\u5f84\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u690d\u7269\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5df2\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002
\u5728\u7c9f\u7c73\u8349\u5c5e(Mollugo nudicaulis)\u4e2d\u540c\u4e00\u690d\u7269\u5185\uff0c\u5ae9\u53f6\u8fdb\u884cC3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8001\u53f6\u5c5eC4\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u4e2d\u90e8\u53f6\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u95f4\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7518\u8517\u672c\u6765\u4e3aC4\u578b\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u690d\u7269\u8001\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0C3\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002Khanna\u7b49(1973)\u62a5\u9053\u8fc7\u9ad8\u6881\u5728\u5f00\u82b1\u540e\u5176\u5149\u5408\u78b3\u540c\u5316\u5411C3\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6RuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u5927\u4e8ePEPCase\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u7269\u4e2d\u78f7\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u9178(3-PGA)\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u53f6\u7247\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u6709Kranz\u6784\u9020\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u9636\u6bb5\u786e\u5b9e\u5f71\u54cdC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002
2.3 \u51e0\u79cdC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dC4\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u5bf9C4\u9014\u5f84\u8868\u8fbe\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f46\u662fC3\u690d\u7269\u65e2\u4e0d\u5177\u5907C4\u690d\u7269\u7684Kranz\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709C4\u9014\u5f84\u9176\u7684\u533a\u57df\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u5373\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u9798\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u7684C4\u9014\u5f84\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5462?\u5bf9\u6b64\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4f5c\u8fc7\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u51e0\u79cd\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002
2.3.1 \u78b3\u9178\u9150\u9176\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406 \u5728C4\u690d\u7269\u4e2dCA\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u9798\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u6781\u5fae\u7684CA\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2dCA\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53CA\u542b\u91cf\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80deCA\u542b\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a86\uff05\uff5e95%\u3002Popova\u7b49(1990)\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u4f4eCO2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0cCA\u53c2\u4e0eC3\u690d\u7269\u5bf9\u4f4eCO2\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002CA\u548c\u53f6\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684PEPCase\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aCO2\u2192HCO�3\u2192OAA\uff0cCA\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0cOAA\u901a\u8fc7NADP-\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u6210Mal\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14Mal\u80fd\u88ab\u8131\u7fa7\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662fOAA\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5e95\u7269PEP\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8131\u7fa7\u751f\u6210\u7684CO2\u5c06\u52a0\u5f3aCO2\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740CA\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0cCO2\u4e0eH2O\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210HCO�3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cCO2\u8fdb\u5165\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd0\u8f6c\u5230\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u7684RuBPCase\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u5728C3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u5e94\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cdCO2\u540c\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u673a\u7406\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
2.3.2 \u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u662fCO2\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u90e8\u4f4d Bowes\u7b49(1989)\u53d1\u73b0\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28PEPCase\u6d3b\u529b\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u5149\u547c\u5438CO2\u7684\u65e0\u6548\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3aCO2\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u4f4d\u70b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u3002Badger\u7b49(1992)\u53d1\u73b0\u84dd\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u663e\u5fae\u85fb\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\uff0c\u7fa7\u9176\u4f53\u548c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u662fCO2\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u4e86Bowes\u7b49\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u9ed1\u85fb(Hydrilla verticillota (L.f.) Royle)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6210\u4e3aC4\u7c7b\u578b\u7684C3\u690d\u7269\u3002Reiskind\u7b49(1997)\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u9ed1\u85fb\u8bf1\u5bfc\u578bC4\u5149\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709C4\u53f6\u7247\u7684\u201cKranz\u201d\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5149\u5408\u6307\u6807\u770b\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6309C4\u673a\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u524d\u4eba\u5047\u8bbe\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e3aCO2\u6d53\u7f29\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728C4\u578b\u9ed1\u85fb\u7684\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5185\u53ef\u6eb6\u6027\u65e0\u673a\u78b3(DIC)\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f\u5468\u56f4\u4ecb\u8d28DIC\u6d53\u5ea6\u76845\u500d\uff0cCO2\u6d53\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230400 mmol*m-3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u503c\u4e0e\u9646\u751fC4\u690d\u7269\u53f6\u7247\u9798\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u3014CO2\u3015\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u5728C3\u5149\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5185CO2\u53ea\u67097 mmol*m-3\u3002\u6c27\u6291\u5236RuBPCase\u7fa7\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u76f8\u540cO2\u6d53\u5ea6\u8bf1\u5bfcC4\u578b\u9ed1\u85fb\u4e2d\uff0cRuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u53ea\u67092%\u7684\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u800cC3\u578b\u7684O2\u6291\u5236RuBPCase\u6d3b\u6027\u5219\u9ad8\u8fbe27%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5229\u7528PEPCase\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u6291\u5236\u5242\u7898\u4e59\u9170\u80fa\u53d1\u73b0\u5728C4\u578b\u9ed1\u85fb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\u6240\u5229\u7528\u7684\u78b3\u6e90\u662f\u6765\u81eaOAA\u548cMal\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7bC4\u9178\u7a7f\u8fc7\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u819c\u5728\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5185\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u7ed9\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u5faa\u73af\u4f9b\u5e94\u78b3\u6e90\u3002\u9176\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cNADP\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u9176\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u662fCO2\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u8bf1\u5bfc\u578bC4\u5149\u5408\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u50ac\u5316OAA\u8f6c\u5316\u6210Mal\u7684NADPH\u82f9\u679c\u9178\u8131\u6c22\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u589e\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u9176\u4e5f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u5728C4\u5149\u5408\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176(PPDK)\u4e3aPEPCase\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e95\u7269PEP\u3002Salvuci\u7b49(1981)\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8bf1\u5bfcC4\u578b\u9ed1\u85fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740C4\u5149\u5408\u578b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0cPPDK\u6d3b\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u4e8610\u500d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u4e0d\u5177\u6709Kranz\u7ed3\u6784\u800c\u53c8\u884c\u4f7fC4\u5149\u5408\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5145\u4efbCO2\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7PEPCase\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ea7\u751fOAA\uff0cOAA\u7a7f\u8d8a\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u819c\uff0c\u5728\u53f6\u7eff\u4f53\u5185\u751f\u6210Mal\uff0cMal\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u7136\u540eCO2\u8fdb\u5165\u5361\u5c14\u6587\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u518d\u751f\u6210PEP\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u5c55\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u7528\u9014\u5f84\u8fd8\u9700\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002
2.3.3 \u5927\u8c46C4\u5faa\u73af\u9014\u5f84 \u90dd\u4e43\u658c\u7b49(1991a)\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u8c46\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8f83\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e19\u916e\u9178\u78f7\u9178\u53cc\u6fc0\u9176\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u8c46\u4e0d\u540c\u5668\u5b98\u4e2dPEPCase\u7fa7\u5316\u9176\u7b49C4\u5149\u5408\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5927\u8c46\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684C4\u5faa\u73af(PEP\u7fa7\u5316\u9176\u2192C4\u9178\u8131\u7fa7\u2192PEP\u518d\u751f)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7eff\u8272\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u201cCO2\u6cf5\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5149\u5408\u78b3\u5faa\u73af\u7684CO2\u6d53\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7fRuBPCase\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u671d\u7740\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cC3\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684CO2-\u03b2\u7fa7\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u50cfC4\u690d\u7269\u90a3\u6837\u901a\u8fc7C4\u9014\u5f84\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684CO2\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u662fPEPCase\u91cd\u65b0\u56fa\u5b9a\u547c\u5438\u4f5c\u7528\u91ca\u653e\u7684CO2\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11CO2\u7684\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u78b3\u7d20\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002
3 C3\u690d\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6539\u9020
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3.1 \u9ad8\u5149\u6548\u80b2\u79cd\u7814\u7a76
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\u56de\u7b54\u8005\uff1awwwwer777 - \u79c0\u624d \u4e8c\u7ea7 10-5 16:20
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C3植物大多是单子叶植物,碳三植物的co2补偿点高,光呼吸作用强.吸收的co2直接进入卡尔文循环.
C4植物大多是开花植物（生长于干旱地区）,co2补偿点低,可以利用细胞间的co2进行光合作用.因为c4植物处于干旱地区,蒸腾作用压力过大,会使其气孔关闭.较c3其co2固定率高.
cam 大多是多浆液植物 与C3,C4不同的是它在夜间吸收二氧化碳,在有光条件下释放二氧化碳,最后形成CH2O.
光合作用可分为三个阶段：原初反应、光合电子传递及光合磷酸化（光反应）、光合碳循环（暗反应）。
光反应过程使光能变为活跃化学能-ATP和NADPH+H+，两者能为下步合成反应和需能过程提供能量和H，两者合称为同化力。C3植物与C4植物光反应过程都是相同的。
暗反应过程是植物利用光反应中产生的同化力，将CO2转变为有机化合物的过程。经过转化NADPH+H+和ATP中的活跃化学能转变成了有机物中的稳定化学能。
只具有C3途径的植物称为C3植物（大豆）
C3途径——卡尔文循环（TCA）：在叶肉细胞中进行：
磷酸核酮糖+ CO2+ H2O——2磷酸甘油酸（3C）CO2被固定生成的第一产物为三碳物质。
磷酸甘油酸+NADPH+H++ATP——磷酸甘油醛+NADP++ADP
经六次循环能同化6分子CO2，生成一分子的已糖，
反应式 6 CO2 +12（NADPH+H+）+18ATP——磷酸甘油醛+12NADP++18ADP
除具C3途径外还具C4途径的植物称C4植物（玉米）
C4途径：在维菅束鞘细胞和叶肉细胞中进行：
CO2 + 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 ——草酰乙酸（4C）——苹果酸 —— 丙酮酸+CO2进行TCA。
CO2被固定生成的第一产物为三碳物质。
C4植物实际上是在C3途径的基础上多了一个固定二氧化碳的途径，这个途径起到了浓缩二氧化碳的作用，使维管束鞘中进行的C3途径提供了较高浓度的二氧化碳，从而使C4植物的同化能力比C3植物强。
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