51单片机最小系统有哪些部分组成？ 51单片机最小系统由什么组成，求大神讲解
51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u56fe\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u4f60\u53c2\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b.
.
51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5171\u670940\u53ea\u5f15\u811a\uff0e\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0e(\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c1234)
.
.
\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a
1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7535\u6e90\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a1\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
.
40\u811a\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V(\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2)\uff0c
20\u811a\u63a5\u7535\u6e90\u8d1f\u6781(\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2)\uff0c
\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6781\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ebGND\u6216\u8005\u201d\u5730\u201d\uff0c
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u8bf4\u8d1f\u6781\u4e3a\u201d\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762GND\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u6587ground\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u201d\u5730\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0e
..
2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6676\u632f\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a2\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
.
11.0592M\u6676\u632fY1\u4e0e\u5355\u7247\u673a\u768418\uff0c19\u811a\u5e76\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u53ea\u811a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6676\u632f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f15\u811a\uff0e
22p\u7535\u5bb9C2\u4e00\u7aef\u63a518\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e
22p\u7535\u5bb9C3\u4e00\u7aef\u63a519\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u572810~30P\u4e4b\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u6676\u632f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6676\u632f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0e..
3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a3\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
10u\u7535\u5bb9C1\u6b63\u6781\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V\uff0cC1\u8d1f\u6781\u63a5\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u590d\u4f4d\u811a\uff0c\u7b2c9\u811a\uff0e
1K\u7535\u963bR17\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u590d\u4f4d\u811a\uff0c\u7b2c9\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e
\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a10u\u548c1k\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4f9b\u7535\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5355\u7247\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u4f4d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0e
..
4 \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5176\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a4\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u811a\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u63a5\u201d\u5730\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u63a5\u201d5V\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0e
\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u592a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u811a\u6c38\u8fdc\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V(\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0e
5 \u5982\u679c\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e0d\u591f\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355
.
\u4e00\u5929\u5165\u95e851\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1a\u70b9\u6211\u5b66\u4e60
.
\u6211\u662f\u5c81\u6708\u54e5\uff0c\u613f\u4f60\u5b66\u4e60\u6109\u5feb\uff01
\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0b\u976251\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u53c2\u8003\u4e00\u4e0b
51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5171\u670940\u53ea\u5f15\u811a\uff0e\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u56fe\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\uff0e
\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7535\u6e90\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a1\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
40\u811a\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V(\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2)\uff0c20\u811a\u63a5\u7535\u6e90\u8d1f\u6781(\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2)\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8d1f\u6781\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ebGND\u6216\u8005\u201d\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e60\u60ef\u8bf4\u8d1f\u6781\u4e3a\u201d\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762GND\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u6587ground\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u5c31\u662f"\u5730"\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0e
2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6676\u632f\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a2\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
11.0592M\u6676\u632fY1\u4e0e\u5355\u7247\u673a\u768418\uff0c19\u811a\u5e76\u8054\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u53ea\u811a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6676\u632f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f15\u811a\uff0e22p\u7535\u5bb9C2\u4e00\u7aef\u63a518\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e22p\u7535\u5bb9C3\u4e00\u7aef\u63a519\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e
\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7535\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u572810~30P\u4e4b\u95f4\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6389\u6676\u632f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9ad8\u9891\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6676\u632f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0e
3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a3\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
10u\u7535\u5bb9C1\u6b63\u6781\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V\uff0cC1\u8d1f\u6781\u63a5\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u590d\u4f4d\u811a\uff0c\u7b2c9\u811a\uff0e1K\u7535\u963bR17\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u590d\u4f4d\u811a\uff0c\u7b2c9\u811a\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u63a5\u5730\uff0e\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a10u\u548c1k\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e00\u4f9b\u7535\u65f6\uff0c\u5355\u7247\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u4f4d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0e
4 \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5176\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4(\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a4\u7684\u90e8\u5206)
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u811a\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u63a5"\u5730"\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u63a5"5V"\u65f6\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0e
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u592a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u811a\u6c38\u8fdc\u63a5\u7535\u6e905V(\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a)\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0e
5 \u5982\u679c\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e0d\u591f\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u578b\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e00\u8a00\u4e8c\u53e5\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5236\u4f5c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767e\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u4e00\u51e1\u5355\u7247\u673a\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cc\u9762\u8bb2\u89e3\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
6 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u768451\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6700\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u56fe\u548c\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u4f60\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u7d2f\u5355\u7247\u673a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u518d\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u5b83\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e50\u8da3\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8bf7\u91c7\u7eb3\u548c\u70b9\u8d5e\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01
单片机最先系统构成：
一个单片机芯片
一个晶振 51一般用12M或者11.0592M
两个瓷片电容 51 30pf左右就行
一个按键 复位用
一个电阻 复位电路用
一个电解电容 复位用
晶振，复位，存储器EA非，电源
当前趋势
SoC嵌入式系统(System on Chip）式的独立发展之路，向MCU阶段发展的重要因素，就是寻求应用系统在芯片上的最大化解决，因此，专用单片机的发展自然形成了SoC化趋势。随着微电子技术、IC设计、EDA工具的发展，基于SoC的单片机应用系统设计会有较大的发展。因此，对单片机的理解可以从单片微型计算机、单片微控制器延伸到单片应用系统。
绛旓細鍗曠墖鏈烘渶灏忕郴缁鍖呭惈.锛氬崟鐗囨満鑺墖銆佹椂閽熺數璺佸浣嶇數璺佺數婧愮數璺佸閮ㄥ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑烘帴鍙ｇ數璺傚崟鐗囨満鑺墖锛氬崟鐗囨満鏈灏忕郴缁熺殑鏍稿績閮ㄥ垎鏄崟鐗囨満鑺墖锛屽畠鏄竴绉嶉泦鎴愪簡涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣紙CPU锛夈佸瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑烘帴鍙ｇ瓑鍔熻兘鐨勫井鍨嬭绠楁満鑺墖銆傚父瑙佺殑鍗曠墖鏈鸿姱鐗囨湁8051绯诲垪銆丄VR绯诲垪銆丳IC绯诲垪绛夈傛椂閽熺數璺細鍗曠墖鏈洪渶瑕佷竴...
绛旓細1銆51鍗曠墖鏈 51鍗曠墖鏈烘槸鏈鏍稿績鐨勫櫒浠讹紝鏈灏忕郴缁鏉块噷鐨勫叾瀹冨櫒浠堕兘鏄负浜嗘弧瓒51鍗曠墖鏈烘甯歌繍琛岃屽瓨鍦ㄧ殑銆51鍗曠墖鏈鸿姱鐗囨槸涓涓井澶勭悊鍣紝鎵缂栧啓鐨勭▼搴忓姞杞藉埌鍗曠墖鏈洪噷鎵嶈兘澶熸甯歌繍琛屻2銆佹椂閽熺數璺 鏃堕挓鐢佃矾鐨勪富瑕佸櫒浠朵负鏅舵尟锛屼负51鍗曠墖鏈烘彁渚涚ǔ瀹氱殑鏃堕挓锛岀浉褰撲簬鍗曠墖鏈虹殑蹇冭剰锛屾病鏈夋椂閽燂紝鍗曠墖鏈烘棤娉曡繍琛屻傛椂閽熺數璺...
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绛旓細鎴戞槸涓鍚嶇數瀛愪俊鎭ぇ涓撴瘯涓氱殑瀛︾敓锛屼笅闈51鍗曠墖鏈烘渶灏忕郴缁鐨勮瑙ｏ紝浣犲弬鑰冧竴涓 51鍗曠墖鏈哄叡鏈40鍙紩鑴氾紟涓嬮潰杩欎釜灏辨槸鏈灏忕郴缁熷師鐞嗗浘锛屽氨鏄潬杩欏洓涓儴鍒嗭紝杩欎釜鍗曠墖鏈哄氨鍙互杩愯璧锋潵浜嗭紟涓锛屼竴璁茶В锛氱涓閮ㄥ垎锛氱數婧愮粍(涓婂浘鏍囪涓1鐨勯儴鍒)40鑴氭帴鐢垫簮5V锛20鑴氭帴鐢垫簮璐熸瀬锛屽湪鍗曠墖鏈洪噷闈紝璐熸瀬涔熷彲浠ュ彨GND鎴栬呪...
绛旓細鍗曠墖鏈虹敱涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣紙鍚閮ㄥ垎鐗规畩鍔熻兘瀵勫瓨鍣級銆佸唴閮≧AM銆佺▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佸悇绉嶅璁撅紙IO绔彛銆佸畾鏃跺櫒銆佷覆琛屾帴鍙ｃ佷腑鏂鐞嗙數璺瓑绛夛級鍙婂搴旀帶鍒跺瘎瀛樺櫒銆佹椂閽熺數璺佸浣嶇數璺瓑鍑犻儴鍒嗙粍鎴愩鍗曠墖鏈烘渶鍏绯荤粺鏋勬垚锛氫竴涓崟鐗囨満鑺墖 涓涓櫠鎸 51涓鑸敤12M鎴栬11.0592M 涓や釜鐡风墖鐢靛 51 30pf宸﹀彸灏辫 涓涓寜閿 ...
绛旓細涓嬮潰灏卞浘2 鎵绀虹殑鍗曠墖鏈烘渶灏忕郴缁鍚閮ㄥ垎鐢佃矾杩涜璇︾粏璇存槑銆1. 鏃堕挓鐢佃矾 鍦ㄨ璁℃椂閽熺數璺箣鍓嶏紝璁╂垜浠厛浜嗚В涓51 鍗曠墖鏈涓婄殑鏃堕挓绠¤剼锛歑TAL1锛19 鑴氾級 锛氳姱鐗囧唴閮ㄦ尟鑽＄數璺緭鍏ョ銆俋TAL2锛18 鑴氾級 锛氳姱鐗囧唴閮ㄦ尟鑽＄數璺緭鍑虹銆俋TAL1 鍜孹TAL2 鏄嫭绔嬬殑杈撳叆鍜岃緭鍑哄弽鐩告斁澶у櫒锛屽畠浠彲浠ヨ閰嶇疆涓轰娇鐢ㄧ煶鑻辨櫠鎸殑...
绛旓細瑕佹湁鏅舵尟鐢佃矾锛屽浣嶇數璺紝鐑у啓绋嬪簭鐢佃矾锛岀劧鍚庡姞涓緵鐢电數璺氨鍙互缁勬垚鏈灏忕郴缁浜嗐
绛旓細鍗曠墖鏈烘渶灏忕郴缁,鎴栬呯О涓烘渶灏忓簲鐢ㄧ郴缁,鏄寚鐢ㄦ渶灏戠殑鍏冧欢缁勬垚鐨勫崟鐗囨満鍙互宸ヤ綔鐨勭郴缁. 瀵51绯诲垪鍗曠墖鏈烘潵璇,鏈灏忕郴缁熶竴鑸簲璇ュ寘鎷:鍗曠墖鏈恒佺數婧愩佹櫠鎸數璺佸浣嶇數璺傚崟鐗囨満89C51鍗曠墖鏈轰竴鐗囥傜數婧5V鐩存祦鐢垫簮1涓傛櫠鎸數璺寘鎷12MHz鏅舵尟1鍙30pF鐡风墖鐢靛2鍙傚浣嶇數璺10uF鐢佃В鐢靛1鍙紝4k7鐢甸樆1鍙
绛旓細鍥2-7 鍗曠墖鏈烘渶灏忕郴缁 涓嬮潰鐫閲嶄粙缁嶆椂閽熺數璺拰澶嶄綅鐢佃矾銆1锛夋椂閽熺數璺 鍗曠墖鏈哄伐浣滄椂锛屼粠鍙栨寚浠ゅ埌璇戠爜鍐嶈繘琛屽井鎿嶄綔锛屽繀椤诲湪鏃堕挓淇″彿鎺у埗涓嬫墠鑳芥湁搴忓湴杩涜锛屾椂閽熺數璺氨鏄负鍗曠墖鏈哄伐浣滄彁渚涘熀鏈椂閽熺殑銆傚崟鐗囨満鐨勬椂閽熶俊鍙烽氬父鏈変袱绉嶄骇鐢熸柟寮忥細鍐呴儴鏃堕挓鏂瑰紡鍜屽閮ㄦ椂閽熸柟寮忋傚唴閮ㄦ椂閽熸柟寮忕殑鍘熺悊鐢佃矾濡傚浘2-8鎵绀恒傚湪...
