）电势的决定式（即电势与什么有关?影响电势大小的因素有哪些? 以下有关电动势的说法正确的是（ ）A．E=wq只是电动势的...
\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5f81\u7535\u6e90\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u628a\u5355\u4f4d\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4ece\u8d1f\u6781\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u6e90\u5185\u90e8\u79fb\u5230\u6b63\u6781\u65f6\uff0c\u975e\u9759\u7535\u529b\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u529f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u5bfc\u4f53\u7535\u963b\u5bf9\u7535\u6d41\u7684\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7535\u8377\u5728\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5bfc\u4f53\u56de\u8def\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u516c\u5f0f\u662fE\uff1dW\uff0fq \u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u6c60\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u975e\u9759\u7535\u529b\u505a\u529f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u8d77\u7801\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u8bf4\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e7\u7535\u6c60\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7535\u963b\u8f83\u65b0\u7535\u6c60\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e7\u7684\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u6bd4\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u3002 \u662f\u5316\u5b66\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u7684\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u4e0e\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u5173\u4e48\uff1f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u5173\u3002
A\u3001D\u7535\u6e90\u5185\u90e8\u975e\u9759\u7535\u529b\u628a\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4ece\u7535\u6e90\u8d1f\u6781\u79fb\u9001\u5230\u6b63\u6781\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f0fE=Wq\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u7b49\u4e8e\u975e\u9759\u7535\u529b\u628a\u5355\u4f4d\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u4ece\u7535\u6e90\u8d1f\u6781\u79fb\u9001\u5230\u6b63\u6781\u6240\u505a\u7684\u529f\uff0e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bd4\u503c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7535\u52a8\u52bfE\u4e0eW\u3001q\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u7531\u7535\u6e90\u5185\u975e\u9759\u7535\u529b\u7684\u7279\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0e\u6545A\u6b63\u786e\uff0cD\u9519\u8bef\uff1bB\u3001\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u7b49\u4e8e\u7535\u6e90\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u5165\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u4e24\u6781\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8ddf\u7535\u538b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u6781\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u6545B\u9519\u8bef\uff0eC\u3001\u7531E=Wq\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u7535\u6e90\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7535\u80fd\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5373W\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7535\u52a8\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0e\u6545C\u9519\u8bef\uff0e\u6545\u9009A
电势的定义：电场中某一点电势φ等于电荷量为q的正电荷在这一点的电势能Ep与q的比值，即φa=Epa/q。真空中孤立点电荷Q周围的电势（取无穷远为0电势）
Φa=KQ/ra
注意：电量的正负要代入得
绛旓細鏌愮偣鐢靛娍鐨瀹氫箟鏄細鎶婁竴涓崟浣嶆鐢佃嵎锛1搴撲鸡锛変粠璇ョ偣绉诲姩鍒扮數鍔块浂鐐癸紝鐢靛満鍔涙墍鍋氱殑鍔熴備及璁¤繖涓畾涔変綘寰堥毦鐞嗚В銆備互涓涓鐢佃嵎鍛ㄥ洿鐨勭數鍔夸负渚嬶紝鐢靛娍涓璺濈鎴愬弽姣旇秺杩戠數鍔胯秺楂橈紝瓒婅繙鐢靛娍瓒婁綆锛屽彟澶栫數鑽风殑鐢甸噺涓庣數鍔挎垚姝ｆ瘮銆傝璁哄浣撴椂鍒嗕袱绉嶆儏鍐碉紝涓绉嶆槸鑷韩甯︾數鐨勫浣擄紝鐢佃嵎閮戒細鍒嗗竷鍦ㄨ〃闈紝鍐呴儴鏃犵數鑽...
绛旓細鐢靛娍鐨瀹氫箟锛氱數鍦轰腑鏌愪竴鐐圭數鍔肯嗙瓑浜庣數鑽烽噺涓簈鐨勬鐢佃嵎鍦ㄨ繖涓鐐圭殑鐢靛娍鑳紼p涓巕鐨勬瘮鍊硷紝鍗诚哸=Epa/q銆傜湡绌轰腑瀛ょ珛鐐圭數鑽稱鍛ㄥ洿鐨鐢靛娍锛鍙栨棤绌疯繙涓0鐢靛娍锛桅a=KQ/ra 娉ㄦ剰锛氱數閲忕殑姝ｈ礋瑕佷唬鍏ュ緱
绛旓細桅a=KQ/ra 锛岀敱鐪熺┖涓绔嬬偣鐢佃嵎Q鍛ㄥ洿鐨鐢靛娍鍐冲畾锛堝彇鏃犵┓杩滀负0鐢靛娍锛銆傜數鍦轰腑鏌愪竴鐐圭數鍔肯嗙瓑浜庣數鑽烽噺涓簈鐨勬鐢佃嵎鍦ㄨ繖涓鐐圭殑鐢靛娍鑳紼p涓巕鐨勬瘮鍊硷紝鍗诚哸=Epa/q銆傛敞鎰忥細鐢甸噺鐨勬璐熻浠ｅ叆寰椼傚湪鐢靛満涓紝鏌愮偣鐢佃嵎鐨勭數鍔胯兘璺熷畠鎵甯︾殑鐢佃嵎閲忥紙涓庢璐熸湁鍏筹紝璁＄畻鏃跺皢鐢靛娍鑳藉拰鐢佃嵎鐨勬璐熼兘甯﹀叆鍗冲彲鍒ゆ柇璇...
绛旓細鍐冲畾寮忥細蠁A=Ep/q 鐢辩數鍦轰腑鏌愪竴鐐圭數鍔肯嗙瓑浜庣數鑽烽噺涓簈鐨勬鐢佃嵎鍦ㄨ繖涓鐐圭殑鐢靛娍鑳紼p涓巕鐨勬瘮鍊煎喅瀹銆傜數鍔垮彧鏈夊ぇ灏忥紝娌℃湁鏂瑰悜锛屾槸鏍囬噺锛屽叾鏁板间笉鍏锋湁缁濆鎰忎箟锛屽彧鍏锋湁鐩稿鎰忎箟銆
绛旓細A锛氭牴鎹鐢靛娍鐨勫喅瀹氬紡锛鎴戜笉鐭ラ亾浣犱滑鑰佸笀璁蹭簡娌℃湁锛屾垜璁板緱褰撴椂鎴戜滑鑰佸笀鍙槸鎻愪簡涓涓嬬殑锛岃璇炬湰涓嶈姹傛帉鎻...锛壪=kQ/R, Q鏄骇鐢熺數鍦虹殑鐢佃嵎鐨勭數鑽烽噺,闇瑕佷唬鍏ョ鍙,R琛ㄧず璇ョ偣鍒板満婧愮數鑽风殑璺濈, 褰撻亣鍒板儚杩欓鐨勬湁2涓數鍦哄彔鍔犵殑鎯呭喌姹傛煇涓鐐圭殑鐢靛娍鏃,鐢变簬蠁鏄爣閲,姹備唬鏁板拰灏辫浜. 杩欓浠庡浘閲岀湅...
绛旓細鐢靛娍鏄爣閲忥紝鐢靛娍鐨姝ｈ礋涓昏鐪嬬殑鏄墍閫夊彇鐨勫弬鑰冪偣锛屾璐熻〃澶у皬锛屾灏辨槸姣斿弬鑰冪偣澶э紝璐熷氨鏄瘮鍙傝冪偣灏 锛岀數鍔挎槸鐢辩數鍦烘湰韬喅瀹氾紝鐢靛娍=Ep/q杩欐槸瀹氫箟寮忎笉鏄鍐冲畾寮 锛鐢靛娍涓鐢佃嵎鐨勬璐熸棤鍏
绛旓細鍥炵瓟锛氳В:閫塁DA::E=F/q鍙槸鐢靛満鐨勮绠楀紡,骞朵笉鏄鍐冲畾寮,灏卞儚鍔犻熷害a=螖v/t涓鏍,铏界劧鍙互璁＄畻,浣嗘槸骞朵笉鑳藉喅瀹氬畠澶у皬,鍋囪璇曟帰鐢佃嵎q涓嶅湪浜,寰堟槑鏄剧數鍦鸿繕鏄瓨鍦ㄧ殑鍚,鎵浠閿欒;B:姝ゅ叕寮忎腑鐨刣鏄袱鐐归棿鈥滄部鐫鐢靛満鏂瑰悜鈥濈殑璺濈,骞朵笉鏄疄闄呰窛绂,灏卞儚閲嶅姏鍔胯兘mgh涓殑h涓鏍,鍙槸绔栫洿鏂瑰悜鐨勮窛绂昏屽凡,鎵浠...
绛旓細鐢靛娍鑳鐨勫喅瀹氬紡锛焈__Ek=qU___ 鐢靛娍鏄弿杩癬_鐢靛満 鑳絖__鐨勭墿鐞嗛噺
绛旓細鍗矱 锛滷锛弎浣嗘槸杩欎釜鏄畾涔夊紡锛岃窡鍦哄己鐨勫ぇ灏忔病鍐冲畾鍏崇郴锛屽彧鏄湪鏁板间笂鐩哥瓑銆傚満婧愮數鑽稱涓庤瘯鎺㈢數鑽穛鐩歌窛涓簉锛屽垯瀹冧滑鐩镐簰闂寸殑搴撲粦鍔汧锛漦Qq/(r^2)=q*kQ/(r^2)锛屾墍浠ョ數鑽穛澶勭殑鐢靛満寮哄害E锛滷/q锛漦Q/(r^2锛夎繖涓槸鍐冲畾寮锛屽満寮轰篃涓庝骇鐢熺數鍦虹殑涓ゆ瀬鏉块棿鐨鐢靛娍宸湁鍏 鍦哄己灏辨槸鐢靛満寮哄害锛
绛旓細鐢靛娍锛氬畾涔夛細肖=Ep/q锛鍐冲畾寮锛毿=kQ/r(鍙傜敤浜庣偣鐢佃嵎锛夌數闃伙細瀹氫箟锛歊=U/I锛涘喅瀹氬紡锛歊=蟻L/S 楂樹腑鐗╃悊鎬庝箞瀛︽墠鑳芥彁楂樻垚缁╋紵绗竴锛屽濂介珮涓墿鐞嗛渶瑕佹帉鎻＄殑瀛︿範鎶鑳芥湁鍝簺?鐞嗚В鍩虹姒傚康鍜屽叕寮忥細棣栧厛锛屼綘闇瑕佸鐗╃悊鐨勫熀纭姒傚康鍜屽叕寮忔湁涓涓繁鍏ョ殑鐞嗚В銆傝繖鍖呮嫭鎺屾彙鎵鏈夌殑鍏紡鍜屽畾涔夛紝鐞嗚В瀹冧滑鐨勫惈涔...
