为什么电机学课本（辜承林版）和电工学（秦曾煌版）中变压器一次侧绕组e的参考方向选得不一样呢？ 电机学教材选哪本最好？
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变压器参考正方向的规定与电工理论一致，且电动势e与磁通满足右手螺旋定则，电流i与磁通也满足右手螺旋定则，因此可见电动势e与电流i应当取为同方向。你可以参考一下下图吧：
原边自感电动势是eL，且参考方向↓，由这个参考方向推理出参考极性是(上－，下＋)，因eL指向电压升的方向。但KVL方程是关于电压降的代数和的方程，所以列方程仍以电压降为准则。显然eL的电压降方向为↑，然后列方程: 逆着电压降绕行取－，因此为－eL。■电路图上 虽然eL打着电动势的幌子；但列方程时 eL正负号仍遵守电压降的(＋－)号法则。
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