怎么仿写诗词《采桑子》？ 诗词文学
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词牌名 采桑子 别 名 罗敷媚、罗敷媚歌、丑奴儿 等 字 数 四十四、四十八、五十四 始兴年代唐代 流行年代宋代 代表作品 《采桑子·群芳过后西湖好》《采桑子·西湖四咏》等
目录
1 词牌沿革
2 格律说明
3 格律对照
4 代表词作
词牌沿革编辑
唐代教坊曲有《杨下采桑》，调名本此。汉代乐府诗《陌上桑》：“秦氏有好女，自名为罗敷。罗敷喜蚕桑，采桑城南隅。”此曲应是乐府旧曲《采桑》而入燕乐者。晚唐和凝词为创调之作。南唐李煜词名“丑奴儿令”。冯延巳词名“罗敷媚歌”。贺铸词名“丑奴儿”。陈师道词名“罗敷媚”。
冯延巳词十三首，皆抒写春愁与离情。宋人用此调者甚众，晏殊此词为宋词名篇。欧阳修晚年用此调作咏颍州西湖词十首，描写西湖风景。他又赠老友用此调：“十年前是尊前客，月白风清。忧患凋零。老去光阴速可惊。鬓华虽改心无改，试把金觥。旧曲重听。犹是当年醉里声。”这使此调风格趋于刚健。
辛弃疾八首调名为《丑奴儿》，前后段各两个四字句俱为叠句，如：“少年不识愁滋味，爱上层楼。爱上层楼。为赋新词强说愁。而今识尽愁滋味，欲说还休。欲说还休。却道天凉好个秋。”此调由四个七字句和四个四字句组成，前后段相同，每段四字句处于七字句之间，使词气和缓；用韵甚密，而又使音节浏亮。此调宜于抒情与写景，既可表现婉约风格，又可表现旷达与刚健的风格。 [1]
格律说明编辑
正体，双调，四十四字。前后段各四句，三平韵。以和凝《采桑子·蝤蛴领上诃梨子》为代表。此调以此词为正体，若李词、朱词之添字，皆变体也。按冯延巳词前段第一句“马嘶人语春风岸”，“马”字仄声，“人”字平声。第二句“芳草绵绵”，“芳”字平声。第三句“梦过金扉”，“梦”字仄声。结句“花谢窗前夜合枝”，“花”字平声。又“落尽灯花鸡未啼”，“鸡”字平声。后段第一句“起来捡点经游地”，“起”字、“捡”字俱仄声。第二句“处处新愁”，上“处”字仄声。第三句“不语含情”，“不”字仄声。结句“水调何人吹笛声”，“水”字仄声，“吹”字平声。谱内可平可仄据此。若两结句第三四字，例用平平，则不可移易也。
变体一，双调，四十八字。前后段各四句，两平韵，一叠韵。以李清照《添字采桑子·窗前谁种芭蕉树》为代表。此词前后段第三句即叠上句，两结句较和凝词各添二字，或名“添字采桑子”。
变体二，双调，五十四字。前段五句，四平韵；后段五句，三平韵。以朱淑贞《采桑子·王孙去后无芳草》为代表。此词见《花草粹编》选本，皆集唐宋女郎诗句也。较和凝词，前后段各添五字一结句，采入以备一体。
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