私募基金是干啥的 私募基金是干啥的
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一、什么是私募基金
私募基金是相对于公募而言,是就证券发行方法之差异,以是否向社会不特定公众发行或公开发行证券的区别,界定为公募和私募,或公募证券和私募证券。
私募在中国是受严格限制的,因为私募很容易成为“非法集资”,两者的区别就是:是否面向一般大众集资,资金所有权是否发生转移,如果募集人数超过50人,并转移至个人账户,则定为非法集资,非法集资是极严重经济犯罪,可判死刑,如浙江吴英、德隆唐万新、美国麦道夫。
目前中国的私募按投资标的分主要有:私募证券投资基金,经阳光化后又叫做阳光私募(投资于股票,如股胜资产管理公司,赤子之心、武当资产、星石等资产管理公司),私募房地产投资基金(目前较少,如金诚资本、星浩投资),私募股权投资基金(即PE,投资于非上市公司股权,以IPO为目的,如鼎辉,弘毅、KKR、高盛、凯雷、汉红)、私募风险投资基金(即VC,风险大,如联想投资、软银、IDG) 公募基金如大成、嘉实、华夏等基金公司是证券投资基金,只能投资股票或债券,不能投资非上市公司股权,不能投资房地产,不能投资有风险企业,而私募基金可以。
私募基金是指以非公开方式向特定投资者募集资金设立的基金。根据募集方式的不同，基金可分为公募基金和私募基金。公募基金是指可以面向社会公众公开发售的一类基金。
私募股权基金追求的不是股权收益，而是通过上市、管理层收购和并购等股权转让路径出售股权而获利。
私募股权基金的募集对象范围相对公募基金要窄，但是其募集对象都是资金实力雄厚、资本构成质量较高的机构或个人，这使得其募集的资金在质量和数量上不一定亚于公募基金。可以是个人投资者，也可以是机构投资者。
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