初中物理热力学知识点总结？ 初中物理热学知识点总结+公式
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\u540d\u79f0 \u7b26\u53f7 \u540d\u79f0 \u7b26\u53f7
\u8d28\u91cf m \u5343\u514b kg m=pv
\u6e29\u5ea6 t \u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6 \u00b0C
\u901f\u5ea6 v \u7c73\uff0f\u79d2 m/s v=s/t
\u5bc6\u5ea6 p \u5343\u514b\uff0f\u7c73³ kg/m³ p=m/v
\u529b\uff08\u91cd\u529b\uff09 F \u725b\u987f\uff08\u725b\uff09 N G=mg
\u538b\u5f3a P \u5e15\u65af\u5361\uff08\u5e15\uff09 Pa P=F/S
\u529f W \u7126\u8033\uff08\u7126\uff09 J W=Fs
\u529f\u7387 P \u74e6\u7279\uff08\u74e6\uff09 w P=W/t
\u7535\u6d41 I \u5b89\u57f9\uff08\u5b89\uff09 A I=U/R
\u7535\u538b U \u4f0f\u7279\uff08\u4f0f\uff09 V U=IR
\u7535\u963b R \u6b27\u59c6\uff08\u6b27\uff09 R=U/I
\u7535\u529f W \u7126\u8033\uff08\u7126\uff09 J W=UIt
\u7535\u529f\u7387 P \u74e6\u7279\uff08\u74e6\uff09 w P=W/t=UI
\u70ed\u91cf Q \u7126\u8033\uff08\u7126\uff09 J Q=cm(t-t\u00b0)
\u6bd4\u70ed c \u7126\uff0f\uff08\u5343\u514b\u00b0C\uff09 J/(kg\u00b0C)
\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5149\u901f 3\u00d7108\u7c73\uff0f\u79d2
g 9.8\u725b\u987f\uff0f\u5343\u514b
15\u00b0C\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u58f0\u901f 340\u7c73\uff0f\u79d2
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\u4e09\u3001\u529b
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\u91cd\u529b\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff1aG=mg m=G/g
g=9.8\u725b\uff0f\u5343\u514b\u3002\u8bfb\u6cd5\uff1a9.8\u725b\u6bcf\u5343\u514b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a1\u5343\u514b\u7269\u4f53\u6240\u53d7\u91cd\u529b\u4e3a9.8\u725b\u3002
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7\uff0e\u725b\u987f\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u60ef\u6027\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u5207\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u603b\u4fdd\u6301\u9759\u6b62\u6216\u5300\u901f\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u3002 \u60ef\u6027\uff1a\u7269\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9759\u6b62\u6216\u5300\u901f\u76f4\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53eb\u505a\u60ef\u6027\u3002
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1\u5398\u7c732=1\u00d710-4\u7c732\uff0c
1\u6beb\u7c732=1\u00d710-6\u7c732\u3002
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1\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5927\u6c14\u538b\uff1d76\u5398\u7c73\u6c34\u94f6\u67f1\u9ad8\uff1d1.01\u00d7105\u5e15\uff1d10.336\u7c73\u6c34\u67f1\u9ad8
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则
(2) Q放＝qm（q为J/kg m用kg）
(3) Q放＝qV (q为J/ m3 V用m3)
(4) 不计热量的损失时 Q吸＝Q放（热平衡方程）
如果肯悬赏我可以为你提供超全面的基础知识，我的原创。
绛旓細1.鍚哥儹锛歈鍚革紳Cm(t锛峵0)锛滳m螖t銆2.鏀剧儹锛歈鏀撅紳Cm(t0锛峵)锛滳m螖t銆3.鐑硷細q锛漄/m銆4.鐐夊瓙鍜岀儹鏈虹殑鏁堢巼锛毼凤紳Q鏈夋晥鍒╃敤/Q鐕冩枡銆5.鐑钩琛℃柟绋嬶細Q鏀撅紳Q鍚搞6.鐑姏瀛︽俯搴︼細T锛漷锛273K銆7.鐕冩枡鐕冪儳鏀剧儹鍏紡Q鍚革紳mq鎴朡鍚革紳Vq(閫傜敤浜庡ぉ鐒舵皵绛)銆傚弬鐓х墿鐭ヨ瘑鎬荤粨 1銆佸畾涔夛細涓虹爺绌剁墿...
绛旓細2銆佺儹閲忕殑鍗曚綅锛氳惀鍏诲涓敤鈥滃崈鍗♀濆仛鐑噺鐨勫崟浣銆1鍗冨崱鏄1L姘寸敱15鈩冨崌楂1搴︽墍闇瑕佺殑鐑噺 鐑噺娑堣楃殑閫斿緞涓昏鏈変笁涓儴鍒嗭紝绗竴閮ㄥ垎鏄熀纭浠ｈ阿鐜锛岀害鍗犱簡浜轰綋鎬荤儹閲忔秷鑰楃殑65~70%锛岀浜岄儴鍒嗘槸韬綋娲诲姩锛岀害鍗犳荤儹閲忔秷鑰楃殑15~30%锛岀涓夐儴鍒嗘槸椋熺墿鐨勭儹鏁堝簲锛屽崰鐨勬瘮渚嬫渶灏戠害10%锛岃繖涓夎呯殑姣斾緥澶ц嚧宸茬粡...
绛旓細1銆佸惛鐑細Q鍚=Cm(t-t0)=CmΔt 2銆佹斁鐑細Q鏀=Cm(t0-t)=CmΔt 3銆佺儹鍊硷細q=Q/m 4銆佺倝瀛愬拰鐑満鐨勬晥鐜锛 η=Q鏈夋晥鍒╃敤/Q鐕冩枡 5銆佺儹骞宠 鏂圭▼锛歈鏀=Q鍚 6銆佺儹鍔涘娓╁害锛歍=t+273K 7.鐕冩枡鐕冪儳鏀剧儹鍏紡Q鍚=mq 鎴朡鍚=Vq(閫傜敤浜庡ぉ鐒舵皵绛)鍒濅笁鐗╃悊鐑鏄撻敊鐭ヨ瘑鐐 1.鐔斿寲銆...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鐗╃悊姣旂儹瀹圭煡璇嗙偣濡備笅锛姣旂儹瀹圭殑瀹氫箟锛氬崟浣嶈川閲忕殑鏌愮鐗╄川锛屾俯搴﹀崌楂(鎴栭檷浣) 1鈩冩墍鍚告敹(鎴栨斁鍑)鐨勭儹閲忓彨鍋氳繖绉嶇墿璐ㄧ殑姣旂儹瀹銆傜敤绗﹀彿c琛ㄧず銆傜劍/(鍗冨厠路鎽勬皬搴)锛岀鍙锋槸J/(kg路鈩)锛岃浣滅劍姣忓崈鍏嬫憚姘忓害锛屽畠琛ㄧず鐨'鐗╃悊鎰忎箟鏄細鍗曚綅璐ㄩ噺鐨勬煇绉嶇墿璐ㄦ俯搴﹀崌楂(鎴栭檷浣)l鈩冩椂锛屽惛鏀(鎴栨斁鍑) 鐨勭儹閲...
绛旓細1.1瀹氫箟 鍗曚綅璐ㄩ噺鐨勬煇绉嶇墿璐紝娓╁害鍗囬珮(鎴栭檷浣) 1鈩冩墍鍚告敹(鎴栨斁鍑)鐨勭儹閲忓彨鍋氳繖绉嶇墿璐ㄧ殑姣旂儹瀹銆傜敤绗﹀彿c琛ㄧず銆1.2鐗╃悊鎰忎箟 鍏跺浗闄呭崟浣嶅埗涓殑鍗曚綅鏄劍鑰虫瘡鍗冨厠寮灏旀枃[J /(kg路K) ]鎴栫劍鑰虫瘡鍗冨厠姣忔憚姘忓害[J /(kg路鈩)]銆傛槸鎸囩劍鑰筹紝K鏄寚鐑姏瀛︽俯鏍囷紝鍗充护1鍗冨厠鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑娓╁害涓婂崌(鎴栦笅闄)1寮灏旀枃...
绛旓細(1) Q鍚革紳cm(t锛峵0) Q鏀撅紳cm(t0锛峵) 鍙粺涓涓篞=cm鈻硉 鍒 (2) Q鏀撅紳qm锛坬涓篔/kg m鐢╧g锛(3) Q鏀撅紳qV (q涓篔/ m3 V鐢╩3)(4) 涓嶈鐑噺鐨勬崯澶辨椂 Q鍚革紳Q鏀撅紙鐑钩琛℃柟绋嬶級
绛旓細鎯宠瀛﹀ソ鍒濅腑鐗╃悊锛岀啛璁扮墿鐞嗗叕寮忔槸鍓嶆彁銆備笅闈㈡槸鍒濅腑鐗╃悊鍏紡鎬荤粨褰掔撼锛屽笇鏈涘浣犵殑鐗╃悊瀛︿範鏈夋墍甯姪銆備緵鍙傝冦傜儹瀛﹀叕寮 C姘达紳4.2脳103J/(Kg路鈩)1銆佸惛鐑細Q鍚革紳Cm(t锛峵0)锛滳m螖t 2銆佹斁鐑細Q鏀撅紳Cm(t0锛峵)锛滳m螖t 3銆佺儹鍊硷細q锛漄/m 4銆佺倝瀛愬拰鐑満鐨勬晥鐜锛毼凤紳Q鏈夋晥鍒╃敤/Q鐕冩枡 5銆佺儹...
绛旓細2.涓ょ娓╁害 锛1锛夋憚姘忔俯搴 娓╁害鐨勫父鐢ㄥ崟浣嶄负鎽勬皬搴,鎽勬皬搴︾敤绗﹀彿鈩冩潵琛ㄧず,瀹冩槸杩欐牱瑙勫畾鐨勶細鎶婂啺姘存贩鍚堢墿鐨勬俯搴﹁瀹氫负0搴,鎶婃爣鍑嗗ぇ姘斿帇涓嬫哺姘寸殑娓╁害瑙勫畾涓100鎽勬皬搴,0鎽勬皬搴﹀拰100鎽勬皬搴︿箣闂村垎鎴100绛変唤,姣忎竴绛変唤涓烘憚姘忔俯搴︾殑涓涓崟浣,鍙1鎽勬皬搴.锛2锛鐑姏瀛娓╁害 瀹囧畽涓俯搴︾殑涓嬮檺澶х害鏄-273鈩,杩欎釜...
绛旓細澹板 鐪熺┖涓嶈兘浼犲０ 5. 涓鍒囨鍦ㄥ彂澹扮殑鐗╀綋閮藉湪鎸姩锛屾尟鍔ㄥ仠姝紝鍙戝０鍋滄.6. 澹伴煶闈犱粙璐ㄤ紶鎾, 澹伴煶鍦15鈩冪┖姘斾腑鐨勪紶鎾熷害鏄340绫/绉, 鐪熺┖涓嶈兘浼犲０.鐑 7. 鐗╀綋鐨勫喎鐑▼搴﹀彨娓╁害, 娴嬮噺娓╁害鐨勪华鍣ㄥ彨娓╁害璁, 瀹冪殑鍘熺悊鏄埄鐢ㄤ簡姘撮摱銆侀厭绮俱佺叅娌圭瓑娑蹭綋鐨勭儹鑳鍐风缉鎬ц川鍒舵垚鐨.8. 娓╁害鐨勫崟浣嶆湁涓ょ...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鐢瀛︿範鐗╃悊鐭ヨ瘑锛岃鐗瑰埆娉ㄦ剰閲嶇偣鐭ヨ瘑鐐鐨勬帉鎻★紝涓嬮潰鎬荤粨浜嗕節骞寸骇鐗╃悊鐭ヨ瘑鐐锛屼緵澶у鍙傝冦傛満姊拌兘鍙婂叾杞寲 1.鏈烘鑳 (1)瀹氫箟锛氶噸鍔涘娍鑳藉拰鍔ㄨ兘缁熺О涓烘満姊拌兘銆(2)鍗曚綅锛欽銆(3)褰卞搷鏈烘鑳藉ぇ灏忕殑鍥犵礌锛氣憼鍔ㄨ兘鐨勫ぇ灏忥紱鈶￠噸鍔涘娍鑳界殑澶у皬锛涒憿寮规у娍鑳界殑澶у皬銆2.鍔ㄨ兘鍜屽娍鑳界殑杞寲 (1)鍦ㄤ竴瀹氱殑鏉′欢涓嬶紝...
