世界上重大的发明与发现，受到驱逐和迫害的事例，两个。 世界上重大的发明和发现,有时还面临着受到驱逐和迫害的风险有哪...
\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4e0e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u53d7\u5230\u9a71\u9010\u548c\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u201d\u8bf7\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u8bf4\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u70e7\u6b7b\u7684\uff0c1543\u5e745\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u75c5\u901d\u3002
1515\u5e74\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u4f5c\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5374\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4f46\u5fc3\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u540e\u4f1a\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u538b\u5236\u3002\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u51fa\u7248\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u30021542\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u6392\u5370\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u30021543\u5e745\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u5f25\u7559\u4e4b\u9645\u7684\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u89c1\u5230\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u56e0\u4e3a\u8111\u6ea2\u8840\u800c\u53cc\u76ee\u5931\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u6478\u4e86\u6478\u4e66\u7684\u5c01\u9762\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0e\u4e16\u957f\u8f9e\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa
\u3000\u30001600\u5e742\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6bd4\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u88ab\u7f57\u9a6c\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u957f\u671f\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u975e\u4eba\u6298\u78e8\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\uff0c\u88ab\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u4ee5\u706b\u5211\uff0c\u70e7\u6b7b\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u9c9c\u82b1\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53c2\u89c1 http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/4655865.html?si=4
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u53ca http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/15249704.html
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6c89\u51a4\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u53cd\u52a8\u6559\u4f1a\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f3d\u5229\u7565
\u3000\u3000--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u4e0d\u8be6 \u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u5bb6(\u51cc\u4e16\u6625\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\uff09 \u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2005-6-24 19:19:32
\u3000\u3000\u5730\u7403\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u66fe\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ee5\u6258\u52d2\u73ab
\u3000\u3000\uff08C\uff0ePtolemaeus\uff0c\u7ea690\uff0d168\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u9759\u6b62\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9
\u3000\u3000\u79cd\u5b66\u8bf4\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e2d\u957f\u671f\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301543\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff08N\uff0e
\u3000\u3000Copernicus\uff0c1473\uff0d1543\uff09\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u6240\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4fbf\u53d7\u5230
\u3000\u3000\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u88ab\u65a5\u4e3a\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\u30021600\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\uff08G\uff0eBruno\uff0c1548\uff0d1600\uff09\u88ab
\u3000\u3000\u6559\u4f1a\u6d3b\u6d3b\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u62e5\u62a4\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff0c\u7adf\u6562\u8bf4\u5730\u7403\u4e0d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e4b\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff08G\uff0eGaliei\uff0c1564\uff0d1642\uff09\u53d7\u8feb\u5bb3\u3001\u88ab
\u3000\u3000\u76d1\u7981\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0
\u3000\u3000\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u627c\u6740\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u9047\u96be\u540e\u4e0d\u5230\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5c31\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5929\u6587\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u53d1
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u5411\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u4eea\u5668\u6307\u5411\u5929\u7a7a\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u8089\u773c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6708\u7403\u51f9\u51f8\u4e0d\u5e73\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u201c\u5929\u4f53\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7403\u5f62\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u53d1\u73b0
\u3000\u3000\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u4e0a\u9ed1\u5b50\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u6d4b\u592a\u9633\u81ea\u8f6c\uff1b\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u91d1\u661f\u7684\u53d8\u76f8\u548c\u6728\u661f\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u536b\u661f\u3002\u4ed6
\u3000\u3000\u5174\u594b\u5730\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u7684\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5199\u4fe1\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u5fb7
\u3000\u3000\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\uff08J\uff0eKepler\uff0c1571\uff0d1630\uff09\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86
\u3000\u3000\u80fd\u987b\u5229\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u6bd4\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u8c28\u614e\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u52aa\u529b\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u754c
\u3000\u3000\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7ed3\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u4f1a\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u5ea6
\u3000\u3000\u8d62\u5f97\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5371\u9669\u4e86\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u5730\u652f\u6301\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u90a3\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u7b14\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u6614\u65e5\u4e0e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e3a\u53cb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u65f6\u5374\u7ad9\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u9762\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u7528\u5723\u7ecf\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u4ed6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u66fe\u7528\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5929\u7a7a\uff0c\u5374\u516c
\u3000\u3000\u7136\u5426\u8ba4\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u76f8\u4fe1\u592a\u9633\u7ed5\u5730\u7403\u8f6c\u3002\u9762\u5bf9
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u575a\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u53c8\u6015\u53d7\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u5fc3\u60c5\u6c89\u75db\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff08\u6307\u5929\u6587\u53d1\u73b0\uff09\u5728\u6211\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7528\u624b\u6478\u7740\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u786e\u5b9e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u82df\u987a\u79c1\u60c5\u62e5\u62a4\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u548c\u4e0a\u7ea7\u957f\u5b98\u4f5c\u5bf9\uff0c\u6bcb\u5b81\u95ed\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e3a\u5999\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7eda
\u3000\u3000\u4e3d\u591a\u59ff\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u4ed6\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u95ed\u4e0a\u773c\u775b\u201d\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u5192\u7740\u98ce\u9669\u524d\u8fdb\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63aa\u8bcd\u59d4\u5a49\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u660e\u786e\u652f\u6301\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c
\u3000\u3000\u52a8\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bf9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u88c1\u3002
\u3000\u30001616\u5e74\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf
\u3000\u30001616\u5e742\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5ba1\u67e5\u90e8\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5ba1\u67e5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u592a\u9633\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5b87
\u3000\u3000\u5b99\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u5730\u7403\u6709\u81ea\u8f6c\u548c\u7ed5\u65e5\u5206\u8f6c\u4e24\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u300224\u65e5\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u58eb\u5f00\u6279\u5224\u603b\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u8c2c\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e8e\u7406\u4e0d\u901a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u201c\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u5b57\u4e49\u5e76\u6559\u7236\u5b66\u58eb\u7b49\u7684\u6ce8\u758f\uff0c\u591a
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u62b5\u89e6\uff0c\u786e\u5c5e\u5f02\u7aef\u4e4b\u8bf4\u201d\u3002\u5224\u6587\u4e0b\u670911\u4f4d\u795e\u5b66\u58eb\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002
\u3000\u30002\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6559\u7687\u4fdd\u7984\u4e94\u4e16\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7ed9\u67cf\u62c9\u5f25\u8bfa\u4e3b\u6559\uff1a\u628a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u53ec\u6765\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u53ca\u65e9\u53cd
\u3000\u3000\u7701\uff0c\u5e76\u996c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u62e5\u62a4\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6bd4\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u79d1\u4ee5\u76d1\u7981\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u68ee\u4e25\u7684\u5b97
\u3000\u3000\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u5ba1\u8baf\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u88ab\u8feb\u8868\u793a\u670d\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u30023\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u7981\u4e66\u90e8
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u5373\u4e66\u7c4d\u5ba1\u67e5\u90e8\uff09\u4fbf\u53d7\u6559\u7687\u4e4b\u547d\u53d1\u8868\u7981\u4e66\u4ee4\uff0c\u628a\u5305\u62ec\u4f3d\u79cd\u7565\u6709\u5173\u8457\u4f5c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u62e5\u62a4\u5730
\u3000\u3000\u52a8\u8bf4\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u5217\u5165\u7981\u4e66\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u300a\u5929\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u8bba\u300b\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u7981\u4e66\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u7981\u4e66\u90e8\u5bf9\u4f3d\u5229
\u3000\u3000\u7565\u7684\u5224\u8bcd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u65e2\u5c5e\u8352\u8c2c\u53c8\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\u516c\u4f17\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2026\u2026\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5
\u3000\u3000\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u5ba3\u4f20\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u611a\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u6837\u672a
\u3000\u3000\u514d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u6167\u63d0\u5f97\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u592a\u9633\u7ed5\u5730\u7403\u8f6c\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b
\u3000\u3000\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7406\u5e94\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee5\u5723\u7ecf\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u600e\u80fd\u5bb9
\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u522b\u4eba\u5ba3\u4f20\u79bb\u7ecf\u53db\u9053\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u5462\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8868\u793a\u201c\u6094\u8fc7\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4fbf\u628a\u4ed6\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002\u6559\u7687
\u3000\u3000\u548c\u4e3b\u6559\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u80dc\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u6d0b\u6d0b\u5f97\u610f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e*\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u58f0\u4ee4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u90e8\u6770\u4f5c
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u201c\u4e07\u5ff5\u4ff1\u7070\u201d\u3002\u88ab\u7231\u653e\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u62a4\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f
\u3000\u3000\u591a\u4e48\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u4e8b\uff01\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u4e61\u4f5b\u7f57\u5316\u8428\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u597d\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u6084\u6084\u5730\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6562\u628a\u6240
\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u516c\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4f17\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6562\u8bb2\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6210
\u3000\u3000\u679c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u71c3\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u4e4b\u706b\uff1b\u670b\u53cb\u4eec\u540c\u4ec7\u654c\u5ffe\u7684\u547c\u58f0\uff0c\u9f13\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u5ba3\u4f20\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u30021623
\u3000\u3000\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u603b\u7ed3\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u96c6\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4fbf\u535a\u5f97\u4e86
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u597d\u8bc4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e66\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u62b5\u89e6\u7684\u8bcd\u53e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u6559\u4f1a\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u6697\u81ea\u5e86\u5e78\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u4eb2\u8d74\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed3\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u5ef7\u5927\u5458\uff0c\u8fd8\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u65b0\u6559\u7687\u4f0d
\u3000\u3000\u5c14\u90a6\u516b\u4e16\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6559\u7687\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u66fe\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c1629\u5e74\u8fd8\u4f5c\u8fc7\u4e00\u9996\u5341\u4e5d\u8282\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u77ed\u8bd7\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u6b4c\u9882\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u5929\u6587\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u521d\u767b\u6559\u7687\u5b9d\u5ea7\uff0c\u4fbf\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u96c6\u300b\u7684\u664b\u732e\uff0c\u8d60\u7ed9\u4ed6
\u3000\u3000\u9526\u6807\u4e00\u9762\u548c\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u5956\u7ae0\u5404\u4e00\u73ab\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u5bb6
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb01616
\u3000\u3000\u5e74\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u66fe\u5ba3\u5e03\u653e\u5f03\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u597d\u4e9b\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u5ba3\u4f20\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b63\u786e
\u3000\u3000\u89c2\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5ba3
\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u4e24\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e09\u4eba\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8ba8\u8bba\u6258\u52d2
\u3000\u3000\u73ab\u7684\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u4e0e\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u54ea\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u6258\u52d2\u73ab\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u524d\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u660e\u663e\u652f\u6301\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4
\u3000\u3000\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u672c\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u82b1\u4e863\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e8e1629\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86
\u3000\u3000\u521d\u7a3f\u3002
\u3000\u30001630\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5e26\u7740\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u518d\u8d74\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6559\u4f1a\u51c6\u8bb8\u4ed8\u5370\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e66\u7c4d\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u9ece\u52a0\u5c14\u5730\u4e3b\u6559\uff08Riccardi\uff09\u770b\u4e86\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u7a3f\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u672a\u987e\u53ca1616\u5e74\u65ad\u6848\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u547d\u4ed6\u524d
\u3000\u3000\u540e\u52a0\u4e9b\u5e8f\u8dcb\uff0c\u8a00\u660e\u6240\u8c13\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec5\u7cfb\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u53cd\u5bf9\u6258\u52d2\u73ab\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc1
\u3000\u3000\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u4e8e\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u8bd8\u6027\u8bbe\u901a\u4fe1\u73ed\u800c\u5df1\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7167\u529e\u4e86\uff0c\u5e8f\u8a00
\u3000\u3000\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u53e3\u6c14\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6392\u9664\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5371\u9669\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u6559\u4f1a\uff09\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u6709\u76ca\u4e16\u9053\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6555\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u7981\u6b62\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u8bba\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u52a8
\u3000\u3000\u8bf4\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u516c\u7136\u65e0\u803b\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u6555\u4ee4\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u5e76\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u591f\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u57cb\u6028\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u5929\u6587\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b8c\u5168\u5916\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u8349\u7387
\u3000\u3000\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u6765\u675f\u7f1a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u6307\u8d23\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u88c5\u7740\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5439\u6bdb\u6c42\u75b5\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u8a00\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u518d\u4e5f
\u3000\u3000\u6291\u5236\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u614e\u91cd\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5fc3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e84\u4e25\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c1\u8bc1
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u800c\u516c\u5f00\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f84\u6e05\u4e8b\u5b9e\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u4ee5
\u3000\u3000\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u3002\u5f53\u4f0d\u5c14\u90a6\u516b\u4e16\u77e5\u9053\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8981\u5370\u884c\u65b0\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u5411\u4ed6\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u5f3a\u5305\u7406\u4e3b\u6559
\u3000\u3000\uff08Ciampoli\uff09\u63a2\u8be2\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u79d8\u4e66\u56de\u7b54\u8bf7\u4ed6\u653e\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u6309\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u6559\u7687\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4f3d
\u3000\u3000\u5229\u7565\u5df2\u201c\u6539\u8fc7\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u9605\u8bfb\u4ed6\u7684\u7a3f\u4ef6\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u520a\u5370\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ec\u89c1\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u56de\u5230\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u6298\uff0c\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u4fbf\u4e8e1632\u5e74\u520a\u884c\u95ee\u4e16\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u5ba1\u67e5\u5458\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9ece\u52a0\u5c14\u5730\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u6279\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u61c2\u5929\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u6559\u4eec\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u5e76\u672a\u5bdf\u89c9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u610f\u56fe\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u5e8f\u8a00\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u5ba3
\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7684\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u9488\u950b\u76f8\u5bf9\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u5927\u91cf\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e94\u4ed8\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u96be\u3002\u4f8b
\u3000\u3000\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u82e5\u91d1\u661f\u7ed5\u65e5\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u8be5\u6709\u6708\u7403\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u76f8\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u4eba\u89c1\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u76c8\u4e8f\u554a\uff01\u4f3d\u5229
\u3000\u3000\u7565\u8bf4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5728\u6587\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89c1\u5230\u91d1\u661f\u7684\u53d8\u76f8\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ee5\u6728\u661f\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7ed8\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u884c
\u3000\u3000\u661f\u7684\u9006\u884c\u3001\u987a\u884c\u548c\u7559\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bf4\u660e\u5730\u7403\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u661f\u90fd\u5728\u7ed5\u65e5\u800c\u884c\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730
\u3000\u3000\u7403\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u7403\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u4e66\u4e2d\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u592a\u9633\u81ea\u8f6c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5e9e
\u3000\u3000\u5927\u7684\u592a\u9633\u8fd8\u80fd\u81ea\u8f6c\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e4b\u6e3a\u5c0f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5730\u7403\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u8f6c\u5462\uff1f\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5229\u7528\u6728\u661f\u76844\u4e2a\u536b
\u3000\u3000\u661f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6765\u652f\u6301\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u536b\u661f\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5982\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u6708\u4eae\u5f62\u72b6
\u3000\u3000\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6708\u7403\u4e5f\u662f\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4e00\u9897\u536b\u661f\u3002\u5728\u7ed5\u65e5\u516c\u8f6c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5e26\u7740\u6708\u4eae\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u50cf\u6728\u661f\u5e26\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u536b\u661f\u4e00\u6837\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f62\u5f0f\u6d3b\u6cfc\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u90e8\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u51fa\u7248\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4fe1\u670d\u54e5
\u3000\u3000\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u628a\u4e66\u62ff\u6765\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5bdf\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u660e\u767d\u4e5f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u76ee\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u4eec\u6781\u4e3a\u5192\u706b\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u5f53\u521d\u4e0d\u8be5\u51c6\u8bb8\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6559\u7687\u4f0d\u5c14\u90a6\u516b\u4e16\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u4e86\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684
\u3000\u3000\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u607c\u7f9e\u6210\u6012\uff0c\u65e9\u628a\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u95f4\u7684\u53cb\u60c5\u5fd8\u5f97\u4e00\u5e72\u4e8c\u51c0\u4e86\u3002\u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5230
\u3000\u3000\u6559\u7687\u90a3\u91cc\u8bec\u544a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u901a\u8fc7\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u8f9b\u666e\u5229\u90b1\uff08Simplicio\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6258\u52d2\u73ab\uff09\u4fae\u8fb1\u6559\u7687\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u5bf9\u76db\u6012\u7684\u6559\u7687\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u706b\u4e0a\u6d47\u6cb9\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4e3b\u6559\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u57281616\u5e74\u53d7\u7f5a\u540e\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u91cd\u65b0\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u52a0\u60e9\u5904\u3002
\u3000\u30001633\u5e74\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf
\u3000\u30001632\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u9ece\u52a0\u5c14\u5730\u4e3b\u6559\u5411\u5370\u5237\u5c40\u53d1\u51fa\u7d27\u6025\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u505c\u552e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6
\u3000\u3000\u628a\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u9001\u4ea4\u795e\u5b66\u4f1a\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u867d\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u542b\u84c4\u800c\u6a21\u68f1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adf
\u3000\u3000\u5192\u72af\u4e861616\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e66\u4e2d\u628a\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u800c\u975e\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u591a\u65b9\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4fbf\u63a5\u5230\u4f20\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u572810\u6708\u5e95\u4ee5\u524d\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\u53d7\u5ba1\u3002\u5e74\u8fd1\u4e03\u65ec\u3001\u4f53\u5f31\u591a\u75c5\u7684\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8bf7\u6c42
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u7687\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u51c6\uff0c11\u670819\u65e5\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u51fa\u4f20\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8eab\u4f53\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u533b\u751f\u5982\u5b9e\u5199\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u751f\u75c5\u5728\u5e8a\u3002\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5230\u4e0d\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u5c31\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u53bb\u4e86\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u5230\u6559\u7687\u90a3\u91cc\u6c42\u60c5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5f00\u6069\u514d\u9664\u4ed6\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e4b\u884c\u3002\u4f46\u6559\u7687\u7adf\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f3d
\u3000\u3000\u5229\u7565\u7684\u6b7b\u6d3b\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u9053\uff1a\u82e5\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u518d\u4e0d\u6765\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u5c31\u201c\u4f9d\u88ab\u544a\u63d0\u5ba1\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\uff0c\u62d8\u6355\u524d\u6765\uff01\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6234\u4e0a\u5211\u5177\uff0c\u62bc\u6765\u7f57\u9a6c\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6400\u6276\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8def\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5343\u8f9b\u4e07\u82e6\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4e8e1633\u5e74\u521d\u6765\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u76d1\u7981\u8d77\u6765\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f00\u5ead\u662f\u5728\u6b21\u5e744\u670812\u65e5\u3002\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u4e2d\u662f
\u3000\u3000\u5426\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u7981\u4e66\u4ee4\uff0c\u5ba3\u4f201616\u5e74\u6240\u6448\u5f03\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4��\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u88ab\u544a\u662f\u5426\u786e\u4fe1\u88ab
\u3000\u3000\u7981\u5b66\u8bf4\u4ecd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f��\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u4f3d\u79cd\u7565\u8fd9\u6837\u7b54\u590d\uff1a\u6211\u5728\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u5192\u72af\u4e86
\u3000\u3000\u6258\u52d2\u679a\u7684\u8bc1\u7406\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u6821\u6b63\u4eba\u4e2a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u6211\u6240\u8892\u62a4\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8bc1\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f02\u53e3\u540c\u58f0\u5730\u65ad\u5b9a\u5728\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u660e\u767d\u5730\u62e5\u62a4\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4ed6\u6709
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4ece\u672a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fc7\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u62a5\u544a\u6559\u7687\u3002\u6559\u7687\u4e8e6\u670816\u65e5
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u4e25\u5ba1\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5211\u8baf\u903c\u4f9b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e0d\u62db\u4f9b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5224\u7f6a\uff0c\u5904
\u3000\u3000\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5211\u6216\u76d1\u7981\u3002
\u3000\u30006\u670821\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5f00\u5ead\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fc7\u5730\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\uff1f\u201d\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7b54
\u3000\u3000\u9053\uff1a\u201c1616\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6258\u52d2\u73ab\u548c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u4e24\u5b66\u8bf4\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u63a5\u5230\u7981\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u53ea\u628a\u6258\u52d2\u73ab\u5b66\u8bf4\u770b\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e86\u201d\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fdd\u5fc3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6cd5
\u3000\u3000\u5b98\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u62db\u8ba4\u201c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u201c\u7f6a\u72b6\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5411\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u559d\u9053\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4f60\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4f9b\u8bcd\u7edd\u7136\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5410\u51fa\u771f\u60c5\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u8981\u52a8\u5211\u4e86\uff01\u201d\u4f46\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4f9d\u7136\u91cd\u590d\u7740
\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u65e0\u53ef\u5948\u4f55\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u4ed6\u90a3\u6ee1\u5934\u767d\u53d1\u548c\u865a\u5f31\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u7981\u4e0d\u4f4f\u62f7\u6253\uff0c\u5927\u6982
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u52a8\u5211\u5c31\u8981\u89c1\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u628a\u4ed6\u62bc\u4e86\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d7\u5ba1\u3002\u6559\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u7aef\u72af\u201d\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u53ea\u597d\u628a\u4ed6\u5224\u4e3a\u201c\u5f02\u7aef\u5acc\u7591\u72af\u201d\u3002\u5224\u8bcd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u2026\u2026\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4f20\u4f60\u5230\u672c\u6cd5\u5ead\u53d7
\u3000\u3000\u5ba1\uff0c\u4f60\u5ba3\u8a93\u627f\u8ba4\u8be5\u4e66\uff08\u6307\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\uff09\u662f\u7531\u4f60\u7f16\u8457\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5ba1\u6838\u5e76\u5168\u9762\u4ed4\u7ec6\u659f
\u3000\u3000\u914c\u4f60\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4f60\u4f9b\u8ba4\u548c\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u2026\u2026\u5bf9\u4f60\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u5224\u51b3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03
\u3000\u3000\u4f60\uff0c\u8be5\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u548c\u4f60\u6240\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u672c\u6cd5\u5ead\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f02\u7aef
\u3000\u3000\u5acc\u7591\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u9075\u5b88\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u548c\u5723\u7ecf\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u592a\u9633\u662f\u5927\u5730\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e1c\u5f80\u897f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u5730\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u5224\u8bcd\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u5e94\u8be5\u5224\u5904\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u706b\u5211\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u90aa\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u771f\u5fc3\u8bda\u610f\u5730\u6309\u7167\u7ed9\u4f60\u6307
\u3000\u3000\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u8bc5\u5492\u3001\u75db\u6068\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u90aa\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u514d\u53d7\u6b64\u5211\u201d\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e3a\u4e86\u514d\u4e8e\u88ab
\u3000\u3000\u70e7\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f17\u8bf5\u8bfb\u4e86\u6094\u8fc7\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4ee5\u6211\u53cc\u624b\u6240\u6309\u7684\u5723\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e3a\u8a93\uff0c\u6211\u6448\u5f03\u5e76\u618e\u6076\u6211
\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u90aa\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u5fcf\u6094\u5e76\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6c42\u540d\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u548c\u7eaf\u7136\u65e0\u77e5\u2026\u2026\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5ba3
\u3000\u3000\u5e03\u5e76\u53d1\u8a93\u8bf4\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u5e76\u4e0d\u73af\u7ed5\u592a\u9633\u800c\u8fd0\u884c\u2026\u2026\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u7684\u201c\u5bbd\u6055\u201d\uff0c\u5224\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u300a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u628a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5173\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u4ed6\u201c\u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u5185\u6bcf\u5468\u8bfb\u4e03\u4e2a\u5fcf
\u3000\u3000\u6094\u5723\u6b4c\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u906d\u9047
\u3000\u30001633\u5e74\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u6c38\u8fdc\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5ba1\u8baf\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a
\u3000\u3000\u4eba\u5bf9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u540c\u60c5\u4ed6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u7687\u4e0d\u6562\u5bf9\u4ed6\u592a\u82db\u523b\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4e00\u822c\u72af\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u88ab\u76d1\u7981\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6559\u7f72\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e74\u5e95\u53c8
\u3000\u3000\u88ab\u62bc\u5230\u963f\u5207\u7279\u91cc\uff08Arcetri\uff0c\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\u53d7\u8f6f\u7981\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4ed6\u51fa\u6765\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u8bb8\u51fa\u7248\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u8fc8\u7684\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u8f6f\u7981\u4e2d\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ed6\u975e\u60e8
\u3000\u3000\u7684\u665a\u5e74\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u867d\u7136\u88ab\u8feb\u5199\u4e86\u201c\u6094\u8fc7\u4e66\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u662f\u4e0d\u5c48\u670d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u7684\u65e5\u5b50
\u3000\u3000\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u53d1\u594b\u8457\u4e66\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u6258\u670b\u53cb\u5e26\u5230
\u3000\u3000\u8377\u5170\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u5230\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57281637\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53cc\u773c\u4fbf\u5931\u660e\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u52a0\u75db\u82e6\u4e86\u3002\u539f\u5148\u7167\u6599\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5973\u513f\u4e5f\u5df2\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4eba\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u8fde\u4e2a
\u3000\u3000\u4eb2\u4eba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5931\u660e\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u88c1\u5224\u6240\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u76d1\u89c6\u7a0d\u6709\u653e\u5bbd\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u63a5\u5f85\u6765
\u3000\u3000\u8bbf\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bbf\u30021639\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u5b66\u751f\u6765\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5e7d\u7981\u5904\uff0c\u7167\u6599\u4ed6\u7684\u751f
\u3000\u3000\u6d3b\u30021641\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\uff08E\uff0eTorricelli\uff0c1608\uff0d1647\uff09\u4e5f
\u3000\u3000\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u83ab\u5927\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u4f46\u53d7\u5c3d\u6298\u78e8\u7684\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u98ce\u70db\u6b8b\u5e74\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u62b1\u7740\u300a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5583\u5583\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u5207\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c
\u3000\u3000\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u6781\u7aef\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u679c\u5b9e\u201d\u3002
\u3000\u30001642\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c78\u5c81\u7684\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e0e\u4e16\u957f\u8f9e\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4e4b\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd
\u3000\u3000\u538b\u4e0b\u53d1\u5c55\u7740\u30021687\u5e74\uff0c\u725b\u987f\uff08I\uff0eNewton\uff0c1642\uff0d1727\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u6570\u5b66
\u3000\u3000\u539f\u7406\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7b49\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u7acb\u4e8e
\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u8d25\u4e4b\u5730\u3002\u4f46\u987d\u56fa\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80af\u6536\u56de\u7981\u6b62\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u7684\u6210\u547d\u3002\u76f4\u52301757\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u5fc3
\u3000\u3000\u8bf4\u5df2\u6781\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e86\uff0c\u7981\u4e66\u90e8\u624d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4ece\u7981\u4e66\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5220\u53bb\u30021822
\u3000\u3000\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7981\u4e66\u90e8\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u51c6\u8bb8\u5370\u884c\u8bb2\u6388\u5730\u52a8\u5b66\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e00\u6848\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a
\u3000\u3000\u4ecd\u662f\u767e\u822c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u76f4\u52301979\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u7687\u624d\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u7406\u4f3d\u5229\u7565
\u3000\u3000\u6848\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u4e3a\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5e73\u53cd\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94
\u3000\u3000\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5f53\u5e74\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e3a\u6b64\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u78e8\u96be\u3002
达尔文：曾经的天主教牧师，发现整理总结出《进化论》，被辱骂为猴子，死后基督教信徒依然造谣说他临终忏悔。
布鲁诺捍卫和发展了哥白尼的日心说，被宗教裁判所判为“异端”烧死在罗马鲜花广场。
共产主义的奠基人马克思被欧洲各国驱逐。
1600年2月17日，是世界科学史上一个无比黑暗的日子。这一天，被罗马宗教裁判所长期监禁，遭受非人折磨的伟大的意大利天文学家布鲁诺，被最终处以火刑，烧死在罗马的鲜花广场上。
布鲁诺捍卫和发展了哥白尼的日心说，被宗教裁判所判为“异端”烧死在罗马鲜花广场。共产主义的奠基人马克思被欧洲各国驱逐。
布鲁诺捍卫和发展了哥白尼的日心说，被宗教裁判所判为“异端”烧死在罗马鲜花广场。共产主义的奠基人马克思被欧洲各国驱逐。
绛旓細1609骞翠冀淇愮暐閫氳繃鑷埗鐨勬湜杩滈暅瑙傚療鍙戠幇锛氭湀浜笉鏄竴涓厜婊戠殑鐞冧綋锛屽畠鐨勮〃闈㈢煑绔嬬潃鏃犳暟搴х伀灞卞彛鍜岄珮灞便備簬鏄粬寰楀嚭缁撹璇翠粠鎬讳綋鏉ョ湅锛屽ぉ浣撲笉鏄 骞虫粦瀹岀編鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鍜屽湴鐞冨悓鏍凤紝鍏锋湁鍑稿嚬涓嶅钩鐨勮〃闈傜敱浜庢敮鎸佸摜鐧藉凹瀛﹁鑰岄伃鑷翠簡鏈夊娍鍔涚殑鏁欎細鐨勫弽瀵癸紝1616骞翠粬琚笅浜嗕竴閬撶浠わ紝涓嶅噯璁叉巿鍝ョ櫧灏煎璇淬1633骞达紝浠栬...
绛旓細锛1锛夊灏旂淮鐗瑰洜琛娑插惊鐜琚タ鐝墮瀹楁暀瑁佸垽鎵杩鑷存锛涘竷椴佽鍥犲畤瀹欐棤闄愯琚綏椹畻鏁欒鍒ゆ墍鐏垜澶勬锛涗冀鍒╃暐鍥犲彂灞曚簡鍝ョ櫧灏肩殑瀛﹁琚綏椹ぉ涓绘暀寤峰洑绂佽嚦姝伙紱鑻卞浗浜哄▉寤.鏉庣粐鍙戞槑缁囪鏈鸿瑙嗕负寮傜锛岃杩寮绁栧浗鍒版硶鍥斤紱鏄庝唬澶ф濇兂瀹舵潕璐藉洜鈥滃紓绔濇濇兂鍜岃涓猴紙鎷涙敹濂冲鐢燂級鍥氫簬鐙变腑鍓冨ご鏃跺ず鍒鑷潃 锛2锛...
绛旓細涓栫晫涓鎵鏈閲嶅ぇ鐨勫彂鏄庝笌鍙戠幇,鏈夋椂杩橀潰涓寸潃鍙楀埌椹閫愬拰杩鐨勯闄╄繖鍙ヨ瘽鏄寚鏂颁簨鐗╃殑鍑虹幇鍙婂垱閫狅紝涓寮濮嬪線寰涓嶈浜轰滑鎵鎺ュ彈锛屼汉浠寰楄鐨勮窡姝ｅ父浜鸿儗閬撹岄┌锛屽氨浼氭帓鏂ヤ綘锛岃繕浼氳瑙嗕负鑽掕艾鎴栬繚鍓嶄汉鐨勭粨璁鸿岃閯欒鐢氳嚦杩銆傚竷椴佽 1592骞达紝甯冮瞾璇哄湪濞佸凹鏂鎹曞叆鐙憋紝鍦ㄨ鍥氱鐨勫叓骞翠腑锛屽竷椴佽濮嬬粓鍧氭寔鑷繁鐨...
绛旓細鎴戞槑鐧戒簡鈥斺涓栫晫涓婇噸澶х殑鍙戞槑涓庡彂鐜帮紝鏈夋椂杩橀潰涓寸潃鍙楀埌椹閫愬拰杩鐨勯闄┿傘愯В鏋愩 鈥滄垜鈥濊杞板嚭鏁欏锛屾槸鍥犱负鍦ㄨ佸笀璁茶鏃跺彂绗戯紝琚佸笀璇В锛屽彈鍒浜嗗缃氥傗滄垜鈥濇妸鑷繁鐨勮繖绉嶉伃閬囦笌涓栫晫涓婃湁閲嶅ぇ鍙戞槑涓庡彂鐜帮紝鏈夋椂杩樺彈鍒伴┍閫愪笌杩鐨勪汉鑱旂郴璧锋潵锛屾槑鐧戒簡鍏朵腑鐨勯亾鐞嗏斺斿綋浜轰滑杩樹笉鐞嗚В銆佺敋鑷宠瑙ｄ簡鏌愪綅...
绛旓細甯冮瞾璇猴細鏇剧粡鐨勫ぉ涓绘暀淇亾澹紝浠栨崓鍗拰鍙戝睍浜嗗摜鐧藉凹鐨勬棩蹇冭锛屽苟鎶婂畠浼犻亶娆ф床锛屽悗琚ぉ涓绘暀璇辨崟鐑ф鍦ㄧ櫨鑺卞箍鍦恒傝揪灏旀枃锛氭浘缁忕殑澶╀富鏁欑墽甯锛屽彂鐜鏁寸悊鎬荤粨鍑恒婅繘鍖栬銆嬶紝琚颈楠備负鐚村瓙锛屾鍚庡熀鐫ｆ暀淇″緬渚濈劧閫犺埃璇翠粬涓寸粓蹇忔倲銆
绛旓細璇炬枃绔ュ勾鐨勫彂鐜版渶鍚庝竴鍙ワ細涓嶈繃锛岃杞板嚭鏁欏锛岀珯鍦ㄥ闈紝鎴戝掓兂鍑轰簡涓鏉¤嚜鎴戝畨鎱扮殑鐞嗙敱锛屾垜鏄庣櫧浜嗏斺涓栫晫涓婇噸澶х殑鍙戞槑涓庡彂鐜帮紝鏈夋椂杩橀潰涓寸潃鍙楀埌椹閫愬拰杩鐨勯闄┿傝В閲婏細杩欏彞璇濅竴璇弻鍏.鍏朵竴,瀹冭鍑轰簡绉戝浜嬩笟鍙戝睍杩囩▼涓殑鏌愪簺鐪熷疄鎯呭喌,闃垮熀绫冲痉銆佸摜鐧藉凹绛夐兘鏈夎繃杩欐牱鐨勯伃閬囷紱鍏朵簩,鏄滄垜鈥濈敤骞介粯涓庤嚜...
绛旓細4.姣涙辰涓 鍦ㄥ交搴曞垎鏋愪腑鍥藉浗鎯呭悗鎻愬嚭鐨勫啘鏉戝寘鍥村煄甯傜殑闈╁懡璺嚎琚叡浜у浗闄呮淳鏉ョ殑浜轰互涓烘槸閿欒锛屽苟鍓ュず鍏舵寚鎸ユ潈锛5.鍘嗗彶涓婄浜屾宸ヤ笟闈╁懡涓湡寮濮嬪嚭鐜颁簡宸ヤ汉鐮村潖鏈哄櫒鐨勮繍鍔紝宸ヤ汉璁や负鏄満鍣ㄧ粰浠栦滑甯︽潵浜嗚嫤闅惧拰涓ラ噸鐨勫墺鍓婏紱鎬讳箣锛屾柊鐨勫彂鏄庡拰鍙戠幇鎬昏渚靛鍒板師鏉ュ浐鏈夊埄鐩婇泦鍥㈢殑鍒╃泭锛屽洜姝や粬浠浜庢柊鐢熺殑鍔涢噺鎬绘槸...
绛旓細甯冮瞾璇虹殑涓昏钁椾綔鏈夈婅鏃犻檺瀹囧畽鍜屼笘鐣銆,涔︿腑鎹嶅崼鍝ョ櫧灏肩殑鏃ュ績璇,骞舵槑纭寚鍑猴細鈥滃畤瀹欐槸鏃犻檺澶х殑鈥,鈥滃畤瀹欎笉浠呮槸鏃犻檺鐨,鑰屼笖鏄墿璐ㄧ殑鈥.杩樿憲鏈夈婅浜氭柟鑸熴,鎶ㄥ嚮姝绘姳銆婂湥缁忋嬬殑瀛﹁.4.浼戒繍鐣•浼戒繍鐣(1564--1642)1609骞翠冀淇愮暐閫氳繃鑷埗鐨勬湜杩滈暅瑙傚療鍙戠幇锛氭湀浜笉鏄竴涓厜婊戠殑鐞冧綋,瀹冪殑琛ㄩ潰...
绛旓細浠庤屾帹缈讳簡浜氶噷澹寰风墿鐞嗗鐨勮澶氳噯鏂紝濂犲畾浜嗙粡鍏稿姏瀛︾殑鍩虹锛屽弽椹充簡鎵樺嫆瀵嗙殑鍦板績浣撶郴锛屾湁鍔涘湴鏀寔浜嗗摜鐧藉凹鐨勬棩蹇冨璇淬備粬鎾板啓浜嗐婂叧浜庢墭鍕掑瘑鍜屽摜鐧藉凹涓ゅぇ涓栫晫浣撶郴瀵硅瘽銆嬩竴涔︺1630骞翠粬绗5娆″埌缃楅┈锛屽彇寰椾簡姝や功鐨勨滃嚭鐗堣鍙瘉鈥濄傛涔︾粓浜庡湪1632骞村嚭鐗堜簡銆傛涔﹀湪琛ㄩ潰涓婁繚鎸佷腑绔嬶紝浣嗗疄闄呬笂鍗翠负鍝ョ櫧灏间綋绯...
绛旓細淇勫浗澶╂枃瀛﹀銆1827骞存瘯涓氫簬鏉板皵鏅壒澶у锛堜粖濉斿皵鍥惧ぇ瀛︼級銆1837骞磋捣浠诲熀杈呭ぇ瀛︽暀鎺堬紝1843鈥1847骞翠换鏍￠暱銆傛浘鍒涘缓璇ユ牎澶╂枃鍙板苟浠荤涓浠诲彴闀裤1855骞3鏈24鏃ラ濅笘銆1832鈥1837骞存祴瀹氫簡瑗胯タ浼埄浜氫竴浜涘湴鏂圭殑鍦扮悊鍧愭爣銆傛浘鍙傚姞1842骞村拰1851骞存棩鍏ㄨ殌鐨勮娴嬨傝繖鍙ヨ瘽鍑虹幇鍦ㄨ垂濂ュ缃楀か鍐欑殑銆婄骞寸殑鍙戠幇銆
