马可波罗与古代泉洲!(汉译英) 马可波罗生平简介
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In the <Travels of Marco Polo>,Polo gave great admiration to QuanZhou City. He said,”5 days after we left Fuzhou City, we arrived in the grandiose and beautiful Chi Tong City in the evening. There was a port along the seacoast, and it was famous for the many passing shios.”And he also said that “Chi Tong was one of the biggest ports in the world, there were many merchants gathering here, and the goods were piled up like a mountain, which was unimaginable. Every merchant had to pay tax at 10% of his investment amount, so, the Khan(大汗) got much money from here.
Quanzhou City was in its golden age in Yuan Dynasty in the field of international trading and economy, which was shown in <Travel of Marco Polo>.In that book, Polo said,” A large amount of foreign goods were delivered here, and then forwarded to different places all over China. The amount of pepper delivered there was very considerable. Yet pepper delivered to the Port Alexander for forwarding to the west was much less, maybe less than 1% of that to Quanzhou City, I am afraid. ”He also said, ”everything you need in your daily life was supplied in that place ”.Ceramic in Dehua Kilns (德化窑) was cheap as well as good.8 Ceramic Mugs only cost a Venetian silver coin. It is said that when Marco Polo went back to his country, he brought quite a few ceramic white wares from Dehua Kilns(德化窑) and ceramic pigment bowls. Until today, in a museum of Italy, there is still a 德化家春岭窑的小花插 which was brought back by Marco Polo.
Quanzhou City was one of the most important bases of manufacturing ships in Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. The ships they produced were advanced at that time in many aspects, such as consistence, stability, navigability, especially the safety equipments of the watertight division. It said in <Travel of Marco Polo>, ” The Khan(大汗) gave orders to prepare 14 ships. Each of them had 4 masts and could hoist 9 sails. Among the 14 ships, there were at least 4 or 5 which could contain 250 or 260 sailor”. What was said above was the important trait of ships of Quanzhou City.
In <Travel of Marco Polo>, Polo also mentioned that people in Quanzhou City believed in Buddhism. Buddhism is flourishing in Quanzhou City, and Quanzhou City had been famous with the name of “the Chinese South Buddhist kingdom”(未查到，自己乱译的) since Tang Dynasty. Polo said, ”People were the fans.” And he meant the Buddhists.
Rock candy was first produced in China in Tang Dynasty, and the rock candy the Egyptian made had something to do with that in China. In <Travel of Marco Polo>, Polo said, ”WuGan City(now is named YongChun City or YouXi City) was famous for the big production of rock candy, the rock candy would be delivered to Cambalec(汗八里，即今天的北京) after produced, and provided to the people in the Palace. Before it became a part of the Khan’s territory, the local people didn’t know how to make quality sugar. Their method was very crude, and after the sugar froze, it became dark grey paste. After this city belonged to the Khan, it happened that some Babylonian came to the Palace. They knew how to make quality sugar. So, they were sent to this city and taught the local people the method of making sugar with the help of wood ashes.” This showed that the Egyptian had done something to help improve the technology of making sugar in China. They probably learned how to make rock candy and then brought the skill back to Egypt.
Marco Polo gave his opinion about the Quanzhou people, “They were peaceful, enjoying coziness and liberty”. This opinion was exact. He also said, the tattoo technicians there were famous all over the world for their excellent techniques, and there were many Indians went there to get tattoos.
Horse can wave lodge in China for 17 years, the footprint is north China all over, northwest, southwest, Hua east etc. region.The Yi benefit sweat country in 1289 the dollar imperial concubine of Lu sweat die, parties Wu Lu?, Necessarily lose ha is a special envoy with fire, come to dollar the court propose.Suddenly necessarily strong make selection Kuo Kuo really is a dollar room princess, from three emissaries and horse can wave and father uncle convoy, multiply by 14 four Weis the huge ship of 12 Fans in the spring of 1291, from the spring state Qi sail, Be answered La, India etc. ground to arrive Persia by Su's door.Horse can wave is capture in Wearnes and heat that second war in 1298, in dictate eastern general knowledge in the jail, from together the jail writer Lu think steps Qian to present into stanza and call 《the eastern general knowledge record 》namely 《horse can wave swim to record 》.It is a Middle Ages to introduce China toward the European and Central Asia the work of circumstance, developped a new world for European knowledge field, to later the detection of Singapore Airlines road has much of influence, also is a research in the meantime our country Yuan Dynasty history and geography of important historical records. 《Horse can wave swim to record 》to spring state applause doubly to, say:"(Leave Fuzhou)evening till the fifth day, arrive grand beautifully stab Tong city.There is a port in its littoral, one ships contacts such as shuttle but famous."Say again:"Stab the Tong is one of the biggest ports in the world, the large quantity businessman swarms about here, the goods pile up like mountain, really hard imagination.Each businessman, have to pay come from F investment total amount 10% revenue from taxes, so, the big sweat acquires huge sum of income from here." Dollar generation spring the state be placed in the vigorous period of overseas trade and society economy and get a true reflection in 《 swim record 》 .《Swim to record 》say:"The large quantity foreign merchandise carries here and carry the whole whole country again to sell.Carry pepper there, the amount is very considerable.But carry Alexandria to supply the pepper that the western world-wide locations need, mutually the form see Chu, perhaps however it of 1%."Also say, this"the whole lifes the necessity be very abundant" in the region, virtuous turn a china of good quality but inexpensive, a Wearnes silver coin can buy to 8 porcelain cups.It is said horse can wave return to country, bring back virtuous turn the kiln white porcelain and color enamel many small bowls.The up to now Italian museum still reserves a horse can wave that year bring back of virtuous turn a spring Ling the floret of the kiln to put. The spring state is one of Sung dollar period important shipbuilding bases, the see-going ship build, regardless from the fastness, stability, proper sail and especially water be airtight to separate the safety device of cabin etc. and all had advanced level at that time.《Horse can wave swim to record 》say:"Big sweat issued order to prepare 14 ships again, the ship contained four masts each time, ability the Yang be nine Fans.""Among them at least 45 ships can accept seaman 250 or 260 people."These be the spring states the important characteristics of the see-going ship. 《Horse can wave swim to record 》believed in Buddhism to make introduction to the Chuan-chou person.Spring state the Buddhism be prosperous, from tang dynasty have already had "the spring south Fo country" its fame.Horse can wave say, "the people be idolaters" here.The idolater is a Buddhism follower. China produces rock sugar first in the tang dynasty and the rock sugar of Egyptian production relates to China.《Horse can wave swim to record 》carry:Martial stem city(now Yung-tsun, a say You2 Xi)"this place with large-scalely make the sugar industry Zhao, produce of the sugar carry sweat eight insides.Supply a palace usage.Before it bring into big sweat landscape, native of the place not know a craft of make the high quality sugar.Make a sugar method very rough, sugar after cool off, assume the paste form of dark gray.When wait until this city returned to go into rule over of big sweat, at the right moment some Babylon persons, arrive at an emperor court, they mastered in process of sugar a method.BE sent to this city therefore, teach a certain wood ash system the method of the sugar toward the native son."This expressed Egyptian to make to contribute to the China-made sugar technique exaltation.They may learn in the spring state the method of manufacturing rock sugar, and return to spread Egypt. Horse can wave to Chuan-chou person is so evaluation of:"People's peace, fancy comfort comfort and ease, love a freedom.” This evaluation is to the point.He also says that the text body technical expert of that city with skill Jing outstanding and famous and Chinese and Foreign, there are many Indians coming here text body.
无聊的问题。
Marco Polo lives abroad for 17 years in China, the trail spreads North China, northwest, southwest, areas and so on East China.In 1289 a Ely khanate Arab League Lu Han Yuan imperial concubine died, sends high-rising Lu? Arab League must lose and the fire is the special commissioner, comes Yuan Ting to propose.Kublai Khan designated extravagant extravagant really for Princess Yuan Shi, escorts by three messengers and Marco Polo and father uncles, in 1291 spring while 14 four mast 12 sail great ships, set sail from Quanzhou, after places such as Sumatra, India arrived Persia.Marco Polo was captured in 1298 in Venice and in the Genoa war, accounted orally the East in the prison the what one sees and hears, by recorded the festival modestly with prison writer Lu Siti, was called "the Travels of Marco Polo" namely "Marco Polo Travel notes".It is the middle ages to the European introduced Chinese and the central Asia situation work, the intellectual circle opened a new world for Europe, is very influential to later new route discovery, simultaneously also is studies our country Yuan Dynasty history and the geography important historical records. "Marco Polo Travel notes" appreciate time to Quanzhou to, said: “(Leaves Fuzhou) to the fifth day evening, the arrival grand beautiful erythrina city.Has a harbor in its coast, a ships intercourse like shuttle becomes famous.”Also said that,“The erythrina is in the world one of biggest harbors, large quantities of merchants converge here, the cargo piles up, imagines indeed with difficulty.Each merchant, must pay the oneself total investment 10% tax revenue, therefore, the big perspiration obtains the large amount income from here.” Yuan Dynasty Quanzhou occupies the overseas trade and the social economy prosperous time, obtains the real reflection in "Travel notes"."Travel notes" said that,“Large quantities of foreign commodity transports here, again transports to each place sale.Transports to there pepper, quantity is extremely considerable.But transports to the Alexander port supplies the pepper which Western world each place needs, pales by comparison, perhaps it 1%.” Added that, this area “all daily necessity is extremely rich”, the dehua pottery is excellent in quality and reasonable in price, a Venice silver coin can buy 8 porcelain cups.When it is said Marco Polo returning to homeland, brings back to the Dehua kiln white enamel and colored glaze small bowl many.Until now Italian Museum also retains the Dehua spring range kiln which a Marco Polo brought back to in the past slightly to crisscross. Quanzhou is one of Song's Yuan time important shipbuilding bases, makes the sea boat, regardless of from ruggedness, the stability, seaworthiness, specially the watertight bulkhead safety equipment and so on, in at that time all had the advanced level."Marco Polo Travel notes" said that,“The big perspiration also issued an order to prepare 14 ships, each ship had four masts, could raise nine sails.” “Has 45 ships to be possible at least to hold the crew 250 or 260 people.” These are the Quanzhou sea boat important characteristics. "Marco Polo Travel notes" believed in Buddhism to the Quanzhou people to make the introduction.The Quanzhou Buddhism is prosperous, has had “south the spring since the Tang Dynasty India” the reputation.Marco Polo said that, here “the people are the idol adorer”.The idol adorer is the buddhist. China first produces the crystal sugar in the Tang Dynasty, the crystal sugar and China which Egypt produces concerns."Marco Polo Travel notes" carry: Wu Ganshi (now Yongchun, a saying youxi) “this place is famous, the sugar by the large-scale sugar industry which produces transports to the perspiration eight miles.Supplies palace use.Integrates in front of the big perspiration domain in it, the native did not understand makes the high grade sugar the craft.The system sugar method is very rough, after the cooling sugar, assumes the dark gray pappy.When this city belongs to the big perspiration the jurisdiction, just some babylonians, arrive the emperor seat of monarchical government, they are skilled in the sugar the processing method.Therefore is sent to this city, teaches some kind of wood ash system sugar to the native the method.” This indicated the Egyptian has made the contribution to the Chinese system sugar technology enhancement.They possibly study the manufacture crystal sugar method in Quanzhou, and feedback Egypt. Marco Polo is appraises like this to the Quanzhou people: “People peace, affection comfortable easy and comfortable, the hobby is free.“this appraisal is critical.He added that, this city tattoo technician by skill fine outstanding and renowned at home and abroad, come the tattoo some many Indians to here.
Khan(大汗) got much money from here.
Quanzhou City was in its golden age in Yuan Dynasty in the field of international trading and economy, which was shown in <Travel of Marco Polo>.In that book, Polo said,” A large amount of foreign goods were delivered here, and then forwarded to different places all over China. The amount of pepper delivered there was very considerable. Yet pepper delivered to the Port Alexander for forwarding to the west was much less, maybe less than 1% of that to Quanzhou City, I
Marco Polo lives abroad for 17 years in China, the trail spreads NorthChina, northwest, southwest, area and so on East China. In 1289 Elykhanate Arab League Lu Han Yuan Fei died, sends 兀 Lu? Arab Leaguemust lose hey and the fire is the special commissioner, comes YuanTing to propose. Kublai Khan designated extravagant is extravagantreally for Princess Yuan Shi, escorts by 三使and Marco Polo andfather uncle, in 1291 spring while 14 four masts 12 sails great ships,set sail from Quanzhou, after places such as Sumatra, India arrivedPersia. Marco Polo was captured in 1298 in Venice and in the Genoawar, Yu Yuzhong accounted orally the East the what one sees and hears,by modestly recorded the festival with prison writer Lu Siti, wascalled "the Travels of Marco Polo" namely "Marco Polo Travel notes".It is the middle ages to the European introduced Chinese and thecentral Asia situation work, the intellectual circle opened a newworld for Europe, is very influential to later new route discovery,simultaneously also is studies our country Yuan Dynasty history andthe geography important historical records. "Marco Polo Travel notes"appreciate to Quanzhou double to, said: "(Leaves Fuzhou) to the fifthday evening, arrives at the grand beautiful erythrina city. Has aharbor in its coast, a ships intercourse like shuttle becomes famous."Also said that, "The erythrina is in the world one of biggest harbors,the large quantities of merchants converge here, the cargo piles up,imagines indeed with difficulty. Each merchant, must pay the oneselftotal investment 10% tax revenue, therefore, the big perspirationobtains the large amount income from here." A Yuan generation ofQuanzhou occupies the overseas trade and the social economy prosperoustime, center obtains the real reflection in "Travel notes". "Travelnotes" said that, "The large quantities of foreign commoditytransports here, again transports to each place sale. Transports tothere pepper, the quantity is extremely considerable. But transportsto the Alexander port supplies the pepper which western world eachplace needs, pales by comparison, perhaps only it 1%." Added that,this area "all daily necessities extremely rich", the dehua pottery isexcellent in quality and reasonable in price, a Venice silver coin canbuy 8 porcelain cups. When it is said Marco Polo returns to homeland,bring back to the Dehua kiln 白瓷 and colored glaze small bowl many.Until now the Italian museum also retains the Dehua spring range kilnwhich a Marco Polo same year bring back to slightly to crisscross.Quanzhou is one of Song's Yuan time important shipbuilding bases,makes the sea boat, regardless of from ruggedness, the stability,seaworthiness, specially the watertight bulkhead safety equipment andso on, in at that time all had the advanced level. "Marco Polo Travelnotes" said that, "The big perspiration also issued an order toprepare 14 ships, each ship had four masts, could raise nine sails.""At least has 45 ships to be possible to hold crew 250 or 260 people."These are the Quanzhou sea boat important characteristics. "Marco PoloTravel notes" believed in Buddhism to the Quanzhou people to make theintroduction. The Quanzhou Buddhism is prosperous, has had "south thespring since the Tang Dynasty India" the reputation. Marco Polo saidthat, here "the people are the idol adorer". The idol adorer is thebuddhist. China first produces the crystal sugar in the Tang Dynasty,the crystal sugar and China which Egypt produces concerns. "Marco PoloTravel notes" carry: Wu Ganshi (now Yongchun, a saying 尤溪)"thisplace is famous, the sugar by the large-scale sugar industry whichproduces transports to the perspiration eight miles. Supplies palaceuse. Brings into line with in front of the big perspiration domain init, the native did not understand makes the high grade sugar thecraft. The system sugar method is very rough, after the cooling sugar,assumes the dark gray to stick the shape. When this city belongs tothe big perspiration the jurisdiction, just some Babylon person,arrives the emperor seat of monarchical government, they are skilledin the sugar the processing method. Therefore is sent to this city,teaches some 木灰 system sugar to the native the method." Thisindicated the Egyptian has made the contribution to the Chinese systemsugar technology enhancement. They possibly study the manufacturecrystal sugar method in Quanzhou, and feedback Egypt. Marco Polo isappraises like this to the Quanzhou people: "People peace, affectioncomfortable easy and comfortable, the hobby is free." This appraisalis critical. He added that, this city tattoo technician fineoutstanding and is renowned at home and abroad by the skill, come thetattoo some many Indians to here.
Marco Polo lives abroad for 17 years in China, the trail spreads North China, northwest, southwest, areas and so on East China.In 1289 a Ely khanate Arab League Lu Han Yuan imperial concubine died, sends high-rising Lu? Arab League must lose and the fire is the special commissioner, comes Yuan Ting to propose.Kublai Khan designated extravagant extravagant really for Princess Yuan Shi, escorts by three messengers and Marco Polo and father uncles, in 1291 spring while 14 four mast 12 sail great ships, set sail from Quanzhou, after places such as Sumatra, India arrived Persia.Marco Polo was captured in 1298 in Venice and in the Genoa war, accounted orally the East in the prison the what one sees and hears, by recorded the festival modestly with prison writer Lu Siti, was called "the Travels of Marco Polo" namely "Marco Polo Travel notes".It is the middle ages to the European introduced Chinese and the central Asia situation work, the intellectual circle opened a new world for Europe, is very influential to later new route discovery, simultaneously also is studies our country Yuan Dynasty history and the geography important historical records. "Marco Polo Travel notes" appreciate time to Quanzhou to, said: “(Leaves Fuzhou) to the fifth day evening, the arrival grand beautiful erythrina city.Has a harbor in its coast, a ships intercourse like shuttle becomes famous.”Also said that,“The erythrina is in the world one of biggest harbors, large quantities of merchants converge here, the cargo piles up, imagines indeed with difficulty.Each merchant, must pay the oneself total investment 10% tax revenue, therefore, the big perspiration obtains the large amount income from here.” Yuan Dynasty Quanzhou occupies the overseas trade and the social economy prosperous time, obtains the real reflection in "Travel notes"."Travel notes" said that,“Large quantities of foreign commodity transports here, again transports to each place sale.Transports to there pepper, quantity is extremely considerable.But transports to the Alexander port supplies the pepper which Western world each place needs, pales by comparison, perhaps it 1%.” Added that, this area “all daily necessity is extremely rich”, the dehua pottery is excellent in quality and reasonable in price, a Venice silver coin can buy 8 porcelain cups.When it is said Marco Polo returning to homeland, brings back to the Dehua kiln white enamel and colored glaze small bowl many.Until now Italian Museum also retains the Dehua spring range kiln which a Marco Polo brought back to in the past slightly to crisscross. Quanzhou was one of Song Yuan time important shipbuilding bases, makes the sea boat, regardless of from ruggedness, the stability, seaworthiness, specially the watertight bulkhead safety equipment and so on, in at that time all had the advanced level."Marco Polo Travel notes" said that,“The big perspiration also issued an order to prepare 14 ships, each ship had four masts, could raise nine sails.” “Has 45 ships to be possible at least to hold the crew 250 or 260 people.” These are the Quanzhou sea boat important characteristics. "Marco Polo Travel notes" believed in Buddhism to the Quanzhou people to make the introduction.The Quanzhou Buddhism is prosperous, has had “south the spring since the Tang Dynasty India” the reputation.Marco Polo said that, here “the people are the idol adorer”.The idol adorer is the buddhist. China first produces the crystal sugar in the Tang Dynasty, the crystal sugar and China which Egypt produces concerns."Marco Polo Travel notes" carry: Wu Ganshi (now Yongchun, a saying youxi) “this place is famous, the sugar by the large-scale sugar industry which produces transports to the perspiration eight miles.Supplies palace use.Integrates in front of the big perspiration domain in it, the native did not understand makes the high grade sugar the craft.The system sugar method is very rough, after the cooling sugar, assumes the dark gray pappy.When this city belongs to the big perspiration the jurisdiction, just some babylonians, arrive the emperor seat of monarchical government, they are skilled in the sugar the processing method.Therefore is sent to this city, teaches some kind of wood ash system sugar to the native the method.” This indicated the Egyptian has made the contribution to the Chinese system sugar technology enhancement.They possibly study the manufacture crystal sugar method in Quanzhou, and feedback Egypt. Marco Polo is appraises like this to the Quanzhou people: “People peace, affection comfortable easy and comfortable, the hobby is free.“this appraisal is critical.He added that, this city tattoo technician by skill fine outstanding and renowned at home and abroad, come the tattoo some many Indians to here.----------------------------马可波罗在中国旅居十七年，足迹遍及华北、西北、西南、华东等地区。1289年伊利汗国阿鲁汗的元妃去世，派兀鲁?、阿必失呵和火者为专使，来元廷求婚。忽必烈选定阔阔真为元室公主，由三使者和马可波罗及父叔护送，于1291年春乘十四艘四桅十二帆的巨船，从泉州启航，经苏门答腊、印度等地到达波斯。马可波罗于1298年在威尼斯与热那亚战争中被俘，于狱中口述东方见闻，由同狱作家鲁思梯谦笔录成节，叫《东方见闻录》即《马可波罗游记》。它是中世纪向欧洲人介绍中国和中亚情况的著作，给欧洲知识界开辟了一个新天地，对以后新航路的发现很有影响，同时也是研究我国元朝历史和地理的重要史籍。 《马可波罗游记》对泉州赞赏倍至，说：“（离开福州）到第五天傍晚，抵达宏伟秀丽的刺桐城。在它沿岸有一个港口，一船舶往来如梭而出名。”又说：“刺桐是世界上最大的港口之一，大批商人云集这里，货物堆积如山，的确难以想象。每一个商人，必须付出自己投资总额10％的税收，所以，大汗从这里获得巨额的收入。” 元代泉州处在海外贸易和社会经济的鼎盛时期，在《游记》中得到真实的反映。《游记》说：“大批外国商品运到这里，再运到全国各地销售。运到那里的胡椒，数量非常可观。但运到亚历山大港供应西方世界各地需要的胡椒，就相形见绌，恐怕不过它的1％吧。”还说，这个地区“一切生活必需品非常丰富”，德化瓷器物美价廉，一个威尼斯银币能买到8个瓷杯。据说马可波罗回国时，带回德化窑白瓷和色釉小碗多件。至今意大利博物馆还保留一件马可波罗当年带回的德化家春岭窑的小花插。 泉州是宋元时期重要的造船基地之一，所造海船，无论从坚固性、稳定性、适航性，特别是水密隔舱的安全设施等，在当时都具有先进水平。《马可波罗游记》说：“大汗又下令准备了十四艘船，每船有四桅杆，能扬九帆。”“其中至少有四五艘船可容纳船员二百五十或二百六十人。”这些是泉州海船的重要特点。 《马可波罗游记》对泉州人信奉佛教作了介绍。泉州佛教兴盛，自唐朝以来就有“泉南佛国”之誉。马可波罗说，这里的“人民是偶像崇拜者”。偶像崇拜者就是佛教信徒。 中国在唐朝首先生产冰糖，埃及生产的冰糖与中国有关。《马可波罗游记》载：武干市（今永春，一说尤溪）“这个地方以大规模的制糖业著名，出产的糖运到汗八里。供给宫廷使用。在它纳入大汗版图之前，本地人不懂得制造高质量糖的工艺。制糖方法很粗糙，冷却后的糖，呈暗灰色的糊状。等到这个城市归入大汗的管辖时，刚好有些巴比伦人，来到帝廷，他们精通糖的加工方法。因此被派到这个城市，向当地人传授某种木灰制食糖的方法。”这表明埃及人对中国制糖技术提高作出了贡献。他们可能在泉州学得制造冰糖的方法，并回传埃及。 马可波罗对泉州人是这样评价的：“民性和平，喜爱舒适安逸，爱好自由。”这个评价是中肯的。他还说，该城的文身技师以艺精出众而驰名中外，有许多印度人到这里来文身。
绛旓細the wife of Argon (闃块瞾姹) of Ilkhanate(浼婂埄姹楀浗) died, Argon (闃块瞾姹) sent Oulatai(鍏椴)銆丄pusca(闃垮繀澶卞懙) and Coja(鐏)as expresses to 鍏冨环to propose. Kubla(蹇藉繀鐑) chose Cocacin(闃旈様鐪)
绛旓細A long time ago, Pisa first appeared in China.At the time it was like a pancake, but it was much more bigger and softer.One day, a man named Marco Polo came to China for travelling, and he brought this kind of food back to his motherland,Italy. After returning home,he ...
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