小学1-6年级英语基础知识
小学1-6年级英语基础知识
从小学开始,学生就已经学习英语了。下面我给大家整理了小学1-6年级英语基础知识,欢迎阅读!
小学1-6年级英语基础知识
{第一部分}
基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.音标:48个音标
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
分割线 箭头 动态
{第二部分}
语法知识
一、名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
动态针分割线
二、冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a / an
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
动态针分割线
三、代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
第一人称
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)
复数we(我们)usour(我们的)
第二人称
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)
复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)
第三人称
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)形容词的比较级
1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
动态针分割线
四、数词:基数词、序数词
基数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty-five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
动态针分割线
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
during the weekend在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
动态针分割线
六、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的.动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
分割线 箭头 动态
{第三部分}
句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
;绛旓細(涓)褰㈠璇嶇殑姣旇緝绾 1.褰㈠璇嶆瘮杈冪骇鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑鐨勮繍鐢:涓や釜浜嬬墿鎴栦汉鐨勬瘮杈冪敤姣旇緝绾,姣旇緝绾у悗闈竴鑸甫鏈夊崟璇峵han銆傛瘮杈冪骇鍓嶉潰鍙互鐢╩ore, a little鏉ヤ慨楗拌〃绀虹▼搴︺倀han鍚庣殑浜虹О浠h瘝鐢ㄤ富鏍(鍙h涓彲鐢ㄥ鏍)銆 2.褰㈠璇嶅姞er鐨勮鍒: 鈶 涓鑸湪璇嶅熬鍔爀r ; 鈶 浠ュ瓧姣峞 缁撳熬,鍔爎 ; 鈶 浠ヤ竴涓厓闊冲瓧姣嶅拰涓涓緟闊...
绛旓細灏忚冩槸澶у鏁板闀块兘鍏冲績鐨勪簨鎯,鎴戝湪杩欓噷鏁寸悊浜灏忓涓鍒鍏勾绾鐨鑻辫鐭ヨ瘑鐐,甯屾湜鑳藉府鍔╁埌澶у銆 01 鍚嶈瘝 鍚嶈瘝鍗曞鏁般佸悕璇嶇殑鏍 1.鍚嶈瘝鍗曞鏁 涓鑸儏鍐,鐩存帴鍔爏,濡俠ook-books,bag-bags銆 浠銆亁銆乻h銆乧h缁撳熬,鍔爀s,濡俠us-buses,box-boxes銆 浠モ滆緟闊冲瓧姣+y鈥濈粨灏,鍙榶涓篿,鍐嶅姞es,濡俧amily-families,straw...
绛旓細6銆佸啝璇嶏細鏈塧銆乤n銆乼he銆俛鍜宎n鏈夊叿浣撶殑鎰忔濓紝涓(涓?)锛宼he娌℃湁鍏蜂綋鎰忔濓紝鏈夋椂缈昏瘧涓鸿繖銆侀偅銆傜‘瀹氱敤a銆乤n杩樻槸the鏃跺彲鏍规嵁姹夎鎰忔濄俛鍜宎n鐨勫尯鍒細an鐢ㄤ簬鍏冮煶闊崇礌(涓鑸氨鏄厓闊冲瓧姣峚eiou)鍓嶏紝a鐢ㄤ簬杈呴煶闊崇礌鍓嶃7銆佸惁瀹氬彞锛氳〃绀烘煇涓鍚﹀畾鎰忔濄傚彞涓竴瀹氭湁not銆傛湁涓夌鍙兘锛歜e鍔ㄨ瘝(am銆乮s銆乤re銆亀as...
绛旓細1銆佸舰瀹硅瘝姣旇緝绾у湪鍙ュ瓙涓殑杩愮敤:涓や釜浜嬬墿鎴栦汉鐨勬瘮杈冪敤姣旇緝绾,姣旇緝绾у悗闈竴鑸甫鏈夊崟璇峵han銆傛瘮杈冪骇鍓嶉潰鍙互鐢╩ore, a little鏉ヤ慨楗拌〃绀虹▼搴︺倀han鍚庣殑浜虹О浠h瘝鐢ㄤ富鏍(鍙h涓彲鐢ㄥ鏍)銆2.褰㈠璇嶅姞er鐨勮鍒:涓鑸湪璇嶅熬鍔爀r ;浠ュ瓧姣峞 缁撳熬,鍔爎 ;浠涓涓厓闊冲瓧姣嶅拰涓涓緟闊冲瓧姣嶇粨灏,搴斿弻鍐欐湯灏剧殑杈呴煶瀛楁瘝,鍐嶅姞er ...
绛旓細灏忓1鑷6骞寸骇鑻辫璇硶閲嶇偣鏈夊摢浜?1銆佸悕璇嶅鏁拌鍒 涓鑸儏鍐典笅锛岀洿鎺ュ姞-s锛屽锛歜ook-books锛 bag-bags锛 cat-cats锛 bed-beds 浠. x. sh. ch缁撳熬锛屽姞-es锛屽锛歜us-buses锛宐ox-boxes锛 brush-brushes锛 watch-watches 浠“杈呴煶瀛楁瘝+y”缁撳熬锛屽彉y涓篿锛 鍐嶅姞-es锛屽锛歠amily-...
绛旓細1.鐜板湪杩涜鏃 琛ㄧず姝e湪鍙戠敓鐨勪簨鎯呮垨杩涜鐨勫姩浣,甯镐笌now,listen,look绛夎瘝杩炵敤,缁撴瀯鏄富璇+be鍔ㄨ瘝(am, is, are)+鍔ㄨ瘝ing. 濡:It is raining now. 澶栭潰姝e湪涓嬮洦 It is six o鈥檆lock now. 鐜板湪6鐐逛簡 My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room. 鎴戠埗姣嶆鍦ㄥ鍘呯湅鎶ョ焊 Look! The children are ...
绛旓細Unit 1 tall鈥攖aller鏇撮珮鐨 short鈥攕horter 鏇寸煯鐨 strong鈥攕tronger 鏇村己澹殑 old鈥攐lder 骞撮緞鏇村ぇ鐨 young鈥攜ounger 鏇村勾杞荤殑 big鈥攂igger 鏇村ぇ鐨刪eavy鈥攈eavier 鏇撮噸鐨 long鈥攍onger 鏇撮暱鐨 thin鈥攖hinner 鏇寸槮鐨 small鈥攕maller 锛堜綋鍨嬶級鏇村皬鐨 Unit 2 have a fever 鍙戠儳 have a sore throat...
绛旓細涓骞寸骇鑻辫 鐭ヨ瘑鐐 鍗曡瘝鍙ュ瀷锛1 銆佸崟璇嶏細琛ㄥ湴鐐圭殑鍚嶈瘝锛 road supermarket hill house station 2 銆佸彞鍨嬶細闂矾骞惰兘鍑嗙‘鎸囨槑鏂瑰悜 ---Where ' s the 鈥 please?---Go straight on.\Turn left.\Turn right.MODULE3 ACTIVITIES and MODULE4 IN THE PARK 鍙ュ瀷锛1銆---Have you got 鈥 ?---Yes...
绛旓細灏忓涓骞寸骇鑻辫鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰綊绾 1.鍔ㄨ瘝be(is,am,are)鐨勭敤娉 鎴(I)鐢╝m,浣(you)鐢╝re锛宨s璺熺潃浠(he)锛屽ス(she)锛屽畠(it)銆傚崟鏁板悕璇嶇敤is锛屽鏁板悕璇嶅叏鐢╝re銆傚彉鍚﹀畾锛屾洿瀹规槗锛宐e鍚巒ot鍔犱笂鍘汇傚彉鐤戦棶锛屽線鍓嶆彁锛屽彞鏈棶鍙疯帿涓㈠純銆傝繕鏈変竴鏉¢』娉ㄦ剰锛屽彞棣栧ぇ鍐欒帿蹇樿銆2.this锛宼hat鍜宨t鐢ㄦ硶 (1)this鍜宼hat...
绛旓細灏忓 涓骞寸骇鑻辫 鐭ヨ瘑鐐瑰綊绾 1.鍔ㄨ瘝be(is,am,are)鐨勭敤娉 鎴(I)鐢╝m,浣(you)鐢╝re,is璺熺潃浠(he),濂(she),瀹(it)銆傚崟鏁板悕璇嶇敤is,澶嶆暟鍚嶈瘝鍏ㄧ敤are銆傚彉鍚﹀畾,鏇村鏄,be鍚巒ot鍔犱笂鍘汇傚彉鐤戦棶,寰鍓嶆彁,鍙ユ湯闂彿鑾涪寮冦傝繕鏈変竴鏉¢』娉ㄦ剰,鍙ラ澶у啓鑾繕璁般 2.this,that鍜宨t鐢ㄦ硶 (1)this鍜宼hat鏄寚绀轰唬璇,...