议会为何有上院下院之分?其职权和功能分别是什么? 议会为什么要设上院和下院？
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通常下议院拥有立法、财政和监督权，是议会的权力中心。上议院拥有一定的立法权和司法权。上议院既是立法机关，同时又担负司法机关的职能，这是英国政治制度的一大特色。在英国，上议院是民事、刑事案件的最高上诉审级，是最高审判机关，处于英国司法体制的最顶端。它所作的判决对下级法院具有约束力。绛旓細閫氬父涓嬭闄㈡嫢鏈夌珛娉曘佽储鏀垮拰鐩戠潱鏉冿紝鏄浼氱殑鏉冨姏涓績銆備笂璁櫌鎷ユ湁涓瀹氱殑绔嬫硶鏉冨拰鍙告硶鏉銆備笂璁櫌鏃㈡槸绔嬫硶鏈哄叧锛屽悓鏃跺張鎷呰礋鍙告硶鏈哄叧鐨勮亴鑳斤紝杩欐槸鑻卞浗鏀挎不鍒跺害鐨勪竴澶х壒鑹层傚湪鑻卞浗锛屼笂璁櫌鏄皯浜嬨佸垜浜嬫浠剁殑鏈楂樹笂璇夊绾э紝鏄渶楂樺鍒ゆ満鍏筹紝澶勪簬鑻卞浗鍙告硶浣撳埗鐨勬渶椤剁銆傚畠鎵浣滅殑鍒ゅ喅瀵逛笅绾ф硶闄㈠叿鏈夌害鏉熷姏銆
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