高中必记的化学公式有那些？
\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5f0f
\u4e00\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28(F2 \uff0cCl2 \u3001 O2 \u3001 S\u3001 N2 \u3001 P \u3001 C \u3001 Si)
1.\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 + Xe(\u8fc7\u91cf) === XeF2
2F2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + Xe === XeF4
nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (\u8868\u793a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e)
2F2 + 2H2O === 4HF + O2
2F2 + 2NaOH === 2NaF + OF2 + H2O
F2 + 2NaCl === 2NaF + Cl2
F2 + 2NaBr === 2NaF + Br2
F2 + 2NaI === 2NaF + I2
F2 + Cl2(\u7b49\u4f53\u79ef) === 2ClF
3F2 (\u8fc7\u91cf) + Cl2 === 2ClF3
7F2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + I2 === 2IF7
Cl2 + H2 === 2HCl
3Cl2 + 2P === 2PCl3
Cl2 + PCl3 === PCl5
Cl2 + 2Na === 2NaCl
3Cl2 + 2Fe === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + 2FeCl2 === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + Cu === CuCl2
2Cl2 + 2NaBr === 2NaCl + Br2
Cl2 + 2NaI === 2NaCl + I2
5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O === 2HIO3 + 10HCl
Cl2 + Na2S === 2NaCl + S
Cl2 + H2S === 2HCl + S
Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
Cl2 + H2O2 === 2HCl + O2
2O2 + 3Fe === Fe3O4
O2 + K === KO2
S + H2 === H2S
2S + C === CS2
S + Fe === FeS
S + 2Cu === Cu2S
3S + 2Al === Al2S3
S + Zn === ZnS
N2 + 3H2 === 2NH3
N2 + 3Mg === Mg3N2
N2 + 3Ca === Ca3N2
N2 + 3Ba === Ba3N2
N2 + 6Na === 2Na3N
N2 + 6K === 2K3N
N2 + 6Rb === 2Rb3N
P2 + 6H2 === 4PH3
P + 3Na === Na3P
2P + 3Zn === Zn3P2
2.\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
S + O2 === SO2
S + O2 === SO2
S + 6HNO3(\u6d53) === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
3S + 4HNO3(\u7a00) === 3SO2 + 4NO + 2H2O
N2 + O2 === 2NO
4P + 5O2 === P4O10(\u5e38\u5199\u6210P2O5)
2P + 3X2 === 2PX3 (X\u8868\u793aF2\uff0cCl2\uff0cBr2)
PX3 + X2 === PX5
P4 + 20HNO3(\u6d53) === 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2O
C + 2F2 === CF4
C + 2Cl2 === CCl4
2C + O2(\u5c11\u91cf) === 2CO
C + O2(\u8db3\u91cf) === CO2
C + CO2 === 2CO
C + H2O === CO + H2(\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u7164\u6c14)
2C + SiO2 === Si + 2CO(\u5236\u5f97\u7c97\u7845)
Si(\u7c97) + 2Cl2 === SiCl4
(SiCl4 + 2H2 === Si(\u7eaf) + 4HCl)
Si(\u7c89) + O2 === SiO2
Si + C === SiC(\u91d1\u521a\u7802)
Si + 2NaOH + H2O === Na2SiO3 + 2H2
3(\u78b1\u4e2d)\u6b67\u5316
Cl2 + H2O === HCl + HClO
(\u52a0\u9178\u6291\u5236\u6b67\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u78b1\u6216\u5149\u7167\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b67\u5316)
Cl2 + 2NaOH === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 === CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
3Cl2 + 6KOH(\u70ed\u6d53) === 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
3S + 6NaOH === 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3H2O
4P + 3KOH(\u6d53) + 3H2O === PH3 + 3KH2PO2
11P + 15CuSO4 + 24H2O === 5Cu3P + 6H3PO4 + 15H2SO4
3C + CaO === CaC2 + CO
3C + SiO2 === SiC + 2CO
\u4e8c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28(Na\uff0cMg\uff0cAl\uff0cFe)\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
2Na + H2 === 2NaH
4Na + O2 === 2Na2O
2Na2O + O2 === 2Na2O2
2Na + O2 === Na2O2
2Na + S === Na2S(\u7206\u70b8)
2Na + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2
2Na + 2NH3 === 2NaNH2 + H2
4Na + TiCl4(\u7194\u878d) === 4NaCl + Ti
Mg + Cl2 === MgCl2
Mg + Br2 === MgBr2
2Mg + O2 === 2MgO
Mg + S === MgS
Mg + 2H2O === Mg(OH)2 + H2
2Mg + TiCl4(\u7194\u878d) === Ti + 2MgCl2
Mg + 2RbCl === MgCl2 + 2Rb
2Mg + CO2 === 2MgO + C
2Mg + SiO2 === 2MgO + Si
Mg + H2S === MgS + H2
Mg + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2
2Al + 3Cl2 === 2AlCl3
4Al + 3O2 === 2Al2O3(\u949d\u5316)
4Al(Hg) + 3O2 + 2xH2O === 2(Al2O3.xH2O) + 4Hg
4Al + 3MnO2 === 2Al2O3 + 3Mn
2Al + Cr2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Cr
2Al + Fe2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Fe
2Al + 3FeO === Al2O3 + 3Fe
2Al + 6HCl === 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
2Al + 6H2SO4(\u6d53) === Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
(Al\u3001Fe\u5728\u51b7\u3001\u6d53\u7684H2SO4\u3001HNO3\u4e2d\u949d\u5316)
Al + 4HNO(\u7a00) === Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O === 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2Fe + 3Br2 === 2FeBr3
Fe + I2 === FeI2
Fe + S === FeS
3Fe + 4H2O(g) === Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe + 2HCl === FeCl2 + H2
Fe + CuCl2 === FeCl2 + Cu
Fe + SnCl4 === FeCl2 + SnCl2
(\u94c1\u5728\u9178\u6027\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u9521\u5b8c\u5168
\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5355\u8d28\u9521 Fe + SnCl2==FeCl2 + Sn)
\u4e09\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269(HF\u3001HCl\u3001H2O\u3001H2S\u3001NH3)
1\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
4HCl(\u6d53) + MnO2 === MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
4HCl(g) + O2 === 2Cl2 + 2H2O
16HCl + 2KMnO4 === 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 === 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O
2H2O + 2F2 === 4HF + O2
2H2S + 3O2(\u8db3\u91cf) === 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2S + O2(\u5c11\u91cf) === 2S + 2H2O
2H2S + SO2 === 3S + 2H2O
H2S + H2SO4(\u6d53) === S + SO2 + 2H2O
3H2S + 2HNO(\u7a00) === 3S + 2NO + 4H2O
5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S + 8H2O
3H2S + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 === Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 3S + 7H2O
H2S + 4Na2O2 + 2H2O === Na2SO4 + 6NaOH
2NH3 + 3CuO === 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
2NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6HCl
8NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6NH4Cl
4NH3 + 3O2(\u7eaf\u6c27) === 2N2 + 6H2O
4NH3 + 5O2 === 4NO + 6H2O
4NH3 + 6NO === 5N2 + 6H2O(\u7528\u6c28\u6e05\u9664NO)
NaH + H2O === NaOH + H2
4NaH + TiCl4 === Ti + 4NaCl + 2H2
CaH2 + 2H2O === Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
2\u3001\u9178\u6027:
4HF + SiO2 === SiF4 + 2H2O
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u77ff\u6837\u6216\u94a2\u6837\u4e2dSiO2\u7684\u542b\u91cf)
2HF + CaCl2 === CaF2 + 2HCl
H2S + Fe === FeS + H2
H2S + CuCl2 === CuS + 2HCl
H2S + 2AgNO3 === Ag2S + 2HNO3
H2S + HgCl2 === HgS + 2HCl
H2S + Pb(NO3)2 === PbS + 2HNO3
H2S + FeCl2 ===
2NH3 + 2Na==2NaNH2 + H2
(NaNH2 + H2O === NaOH + NH3)
3\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\uff1a
NH3 + HCl === NH4Cl
NH3 + HNO3 === NH4NO3
2NH3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4
NH3 + NaCl + H2O + CO2 === NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u5907\u5c0f\u82cf\u6253\uff0c\u82cf\u6253)
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HF === H2 + F2
2HCl === H2 + Cl2
2H2O === 2H2 + O2
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2
H2S === H2 + S
2NH3 === N2 + 3H2
\u56db\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
2SO2 + O2 === 2SO3
2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O === 2H2SO4
(\u8fd9\u662fSO2\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7f13\u6162\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94)
SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HBr
SO2 + I2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HI
SO2 + NO2 === SO3 + NO
2NO + O2 === 2NO2
NO + NO2 + 2NaOH === 2NaNO2
(\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u785d\u9178\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u5c3e\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684NO\u548cNO2)
2CO + O2 === 2CO2
CO + CuO === Cu + CO2
3CO + Fe2O3 === 2Fe + 3CO2
CO + H2O === CO2 + H2
\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
SO2 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
SO3 + 2KI === K2SO3 + I2
NO2 + 2KI + H2O === NO + I2 + 2KOH
(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6dc0\u7c89KI\u6eb6\u6db2\u9274\u522b\u6eb4\u84b8\u6c14\u548cNO2)
4NO2 + H2S === 4NO + SO3 + H2O
2NO2 + Cu === 4CuO + N2
CO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + C
(CO2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6251\u706d\u7531Mg\u3001Ca\u3001Ba\u3001Na\u3001K\u7b49\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u706b\u707e)
SiO2 + 2H2 === Si + 2H2O
SiO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + Si
3\u3001\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2 + H2O === H2SO3
SO3 + H2O === H2SO4
3NO2 + H2O === 2HNO3 + NO
N2O5 + H2O === 2HNO3
P2O5 + H2O === 2HPO3
P2O5 + 3H2O === 2H3PO4
(P2O5\u6781\u6613\u5438\u6c34\u3001\u53ef\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u5e72\u71e5\u5242
P2O5 + 3H2SO4(\u6d53) === 2H3PO4 + 3SO3)
CO2 + H2O === H2CO3
4\u3001\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O === (NH4)2SO3
SO2 + (NH4)2SO3 + H2O === 2NH4HSO3
(\u8fd9\u662f\u786b\u9178\u5382\u56de\u6536SO2\u7684\u53cd\u5e94.\u5148\u7528\u6c28\u6c34\u5438\u6536SO2\u3001
\u518d\u7528H2SO4\u5904\u7406: 2NH4HSO3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2
\u751f\u6210\u7684\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u4f5c\u5316\u80a5\u3001SO2\u5faa\u73af\u4f5c\u539f\u6599\u6c14)
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO3 + H2O
(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u9274\u522bSO2\u548cCO2.\u53ef\u7528\u54c1\u7ea2\u9274\u522b)
SO3 + MgO === MgSO4
SO3 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO4 + H2O
CO2 + 2NaOH(\u8fc7\u91cf) === Na2CO3 + H2O
CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + NaOH === NaHCO3
CO2 + Ca(OH)2(\u8fc7\u91cf) === CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + Ca(OH)2 === Ca(HCO3)2
CO2 + 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + Na2CO3
CO2 + C6H5ONa + H2O === C6H5OH + NaHCO3
SiO2 + CaO === CaSiO3
SiO2 + 2NaOH === Na2SiO3 + H2O
(\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u5f3a\u78b1\u7f13\u6162\u8150\u8680\u73bb\u7483)
SiO2 + Na2CO3 === Na2SiO3 + CO2
SiO2 + CaCO3 === CaSiO3 + CO2
\u4e94\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
1\u3001\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
6FeO + O2 === 2Fe3O4
FeO + 4HNO3 === Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
2\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
Na2O2 + 2Na === 2Na2O
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u5907Na2O)
MgO\uff0cAl2O3\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aMg\uff0cAl.
\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u5236Mg\u548cAl.
Fe2O3 + 3H2 === 2Fe + 3H2O (\u5236\u8fd8\u539f\u94c1\u7c89)
Fe3O4 + 4H2 === 3Fe + 4H2O
3\u3001\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O + H2O === 2NaOH
2Na2O2 + 2H2O === 4NaOH + O2
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5206\u4e24\u6b65:Na2O2 + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2O2 ;
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2. H2O2\u7684\u5236\u5907\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94:
BaO2 + H2SO4(\u7a00) === BaSO4 + H2O2)
MgO + H2O === Mg(OH)2 (\u7f13\u6162\u53cd\u5e94)
4\u3001\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O + SO3 === Na2SO4
Na2O + CO2 === Na2CO3
Na2O + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O
2Na2O2 + 2CO2 === 2Na2CO3 + O2
Na2O2 + H2SO4(\u51b7\u3001\u7a00) === Na2SO4 + H2O2
MgO + SO3 === MgSO4
MgO + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2O
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(Al2O3\u662f\u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH === 2NaAlO2 + H2O)
FeO + 2HCl === FeCl2 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl === 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2S(g) === Fe2S3 + 3H2O
Fe3O4 + 8HCl === FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
\u516d\u3001\u542b\u6c27\u9178
1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
4HClO3 + 3H2S === 3H2SO4 + 4HCl
HClO3 + HI === HIO3 + HCl
3HClO + HI === HIO3 + 3HCl
HClO + H2SO3 === H2SO4 + HCl
HClO + H2O2 === HCl + H2O + O2
(\u6c27\u5316\u6027:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4\u3001
\u4f46\u6d53\u3001\u70ed\u7684HClO4\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a)
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + C === CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + S === 3SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Fe(Al) \u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u949d\u5316
6H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2Fe === Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + Cu === CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2HBr === SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2HI === SO2 + I2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u7a00) + Fe === FeSO4 + H2
2H2SO3 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
4HNO3(\u6d53) + C === CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
6HNO3(\u6d53) + S === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
5HNO3(\u6d53) + P === H3PO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
6HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
4HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
36HNO3 + 10Fe === 10Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
2\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
H2SO3 + X2 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2HX
(X\u8868\u793aCl2\u3001Br2\u3001I2)
2H2SO3 + O2 === 2H2SO4
H2SO3 + H2O2 === H2SO4 + H2O
5H2SO3 + 2KMnO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 + 3H2O
H2SO3 + 2FeCl3 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
3\u3001\u9178\u6027:
H2SO4(\u6d53) + CaF2 === CaSO4 + 2HF
H2SO4(\u6d53) + NaCl === NaHSO4 + HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2NaCl === Na2SO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53) + NaNO3 === NaHSO4 + HNO3
3H2SO4(\u6d53) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 2CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
3HNO3 + Ag3PO4 === H3PO4 + 3AgNO3
2HNO3 + CaCO3 === Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
(\u7528HNO3\u548c\u6d53H2SO4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u5907H2S\uff0cHI\uff0cHBr\uff0c(SO2)
\u7b49\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u6c14\u4f53)
4H3PO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3Ca(H2PO4)2(\u91cd\u9499)
H3PO4(\u6d53) + NaBr === NaH2PO4 + HBr
H3PO4(\u6d53) + NaI === NaH2PO4 + HI
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HClO === 2HCl + O2
4HNO3 === 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
H2SO3 === H2O + SO2
H2CO3 === H2O + CO2
4SiO4 === H2SiO3 + H2O
\u4e03\u3001\u78b1
\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O === 4Fe(OH)3
\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
2NaOH + SO2(\u5c11\u91cf) === Na2SO3 + H2O
NaOH + SO2(\u8db3\u91cf) === NaHSO3
2NaOH + SiO2 === NaSiO3 + H2O
2NaOH + Al2O3 === 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2NaOH + Cl2 === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
NaOH + HCl === NaCl + H2O
NaOH + H2S(\u8db3\u91cf) === NaHS + H2O
2NaOH + H2S(\u5c11\u91cf) === Na2S + 2H2O
3NaOH + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaOH + Al(OH)3 === NaAlO2 + 2H2O
NaOH + NH4Cl === NaCl + NH3 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl === MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl \u4e0d\u6eb6\u89e3
3\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Mg(OH)2 === MgO + H2O
2Al(OH)3 === Al2O3 + 3H2O
2Fe(OH)3 === Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Cu(OH)2 === CuO + H2O
\u516b\u3001\u76d0
1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
2FeCl3 + Fe === 3FeCl2
2FeCl3 + Cu === 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(\u7528\u4e8e\u96d5\u523b\u94dc\u7ebf\u8def\u7248)
2FeCl3 + Zn === 2FeCl2 + ZnCl2
FeCl3 + Ag === FeCl2 + AgC
Fe2(SO4)3 + 2Ag === FeSO4 + Ag2SO4(\u8f83\u96be\u53cd\u5e94)
Fe(NO3)3 + Ag \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94
2FeCl3 + H2S === 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
2FeCl3 + 2KI === 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
FeCl2 + Mg === Fe + MgCl2
2\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
2FeCl2 + Cl2 === 2FeCl3
3Na2S + 8HNO3(\u7a00) === 6NaNO3 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
3Na2SO3 + 2HNO3(\u7a00) === 3Na2SO4 + 2NO + H2O
2Na2SO3 + O2 === 2Na2SO4
3\u3001\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O === Mg(OH)2 + NH4Cl
AlCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
FeCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
4\u3001\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na3PO4 + HCl === Na2HPO4 + NaCl
Na2HPO4 + HCl === NaH2PO4 + NaCl
NaH2PO4 + HCl === H3PO4 + NaCl
Na2CO3 + HCl === NaHCO3 + NaCl
NaHCO3 + HCl === NaCl + H2O + CO2
3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O === 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3NaHCO3 + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3CO2
3NaHCO3 + FeCl3 === Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2
3Na2S + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O === 4Al(OH)3
5\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 === Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
NH4Cl === NH3 + HCl
NH4HCO3 === NH3 + H2O + CO2
2KNO3 === 2KNO2 + O2
2Cu(NO3)3 === 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
2KMnO4 === K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2KClO3 === 2KCl + 3O2
2NaHCO3 === Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Ca(HCO3)2 === CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 === CaO + CO2
MgCO3 === MgO + CO2
\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u590d\u5236\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\u53bb\u4e0b\u9762\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5427\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684
http://dxchong.bokee.com/5877113.html
\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u867d\u8bf4\u662f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e73\u65f6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684
1.氧化性：
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 + Xe(过量) === XeF2
2F2(过量) + Xe === XeF4
nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (表示大部分金属)
2F2 + 2H2O === 4HF + O2
2F2 + 2NaOH === 2NaF + OF2 + H2O
F2 + 2NaCl === 2NaF + Cl2
F2 + 2NaBr === 2NaF + Br2
F2 + 2NaI === 2NaF + I2
F2 + Cl2(等体积) === 2ClF
3F2 (过量) + Cl2 === 2ClF3
7F2(过量) + I2 === 2IF7
Cl2 + H2 === 2HCl
3Cl2 + 2P === 2PCl3
Cl2 + PCl3 === PCl5
Cl2 + 2Na === 2NaCl
3Cl2 + 2Fe === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + 2FeCl2 === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + Cu === CuCl2
2Cl2 + 2NaBr === 2NaCl + Br2
Cl2 + 2NaI === 2NaCl + I2
5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O === 2HIO3 + 10HCl
Cl2 + Na2S === 2NaCl + S
Cl2 + H2S === 2HCl + S
Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
Cl2 + H2O2 === 2HCl + O2
2O2 + 3Fe === Fe3O4
O2 + K === KO2
S + H2 === H2S
2S + C === CS2
S + Fe === FeS
S + 2Cu === Cu2S
3S + 2Al === Al2S3
S + Zn === ZnS
N2 + 3H2 === 2NH3
N2 + 3Mg === Mg3N2
N2 + 3Ca === Ca3N2
N2 + 3Ba === Ba3N2
N2 + 6Na === 2Na3N
N2 + 6K === 2K3N
N2 + 6Rb === 2Rb3N
P2 + 6H2 === 4PH3
P + 3Na === Na3P
2P + 3Zn === Zn3P2
2.还原性
S + O2 === SO2
S + O2 === SO2
S + 6HNO3(浓) === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
3S + 4HNO3(稀) === 3SO2 + 4NO + 2H2O
N2 + O2 === 2NO
4P + 5O2 === P4O10(常写成P2O5)
2P + 3X2 === 2PX3 (X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)
PX3 + X2 === PX5
P4 + 20HNO3(浓) === 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2O
C + 2F2 === CF4
C + 2Cl2 === CCl4
2C + O2(少量) === 2CO
C + O2(足量) === CO2
C + CO2 === 2CO
C + H2O === CO + H2(生成水煤气)
2C + SiO2 === Si + 2CO(制得粗硅)
Si(粗) + 2Cl2 === SiCl4
(SiCl4 + 2H2 === Si(纯) + 4HCl)
Si(粉) + O2 === SiO2
Si + C === SiC(金刚砂)
Si + 2NaOH + H2O === Na2SiO3 + 2H2
3(碱中)歧化
Cl2 + H2O === HCl + HClO
(加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化)
Cl2 + 2NaOH === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 === CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
3Cl2 + 6KOH(热浓) === 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
3S + 6NaOH === 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3H2O
4P + 3KOH(浓) + 3H2O === PH3 + 3KH2PO2
11P + 15CuSO4 + 24H2O === 5Cu3P + 6H3PO4 + 15H2SO4
3C + CaO === CaC2 + CO
3C + SiO2 === SiC + 2CO
二、金属单质(Na，Mg，Al，Fe)的还原性
2Na + H2 === 2NaH
4Na + O2 === 2Na2O
2Na2O + O2 === 2Na2O2
2Na + O2 === Na2O2
2Na + S === Na2S(爆炸)
2Na + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2
2Na + 2NH3 === 2NaNH2 + H2
4Na + TiCl4(熔融) === 4NaCl + Ti
Mg + Cl2 === MgCl2
Mg + Br2 === MgBr2
2Mg + O2 === 2MgO
Mg + S === MgS
Mg + 2H2O === Mg(OH)2 + H2
2Mg + TiCl4(熔融) === Ti + 2MgCl2
Mg + 2RbCl === MgCl2 + 2Rb
2Mg + CO2 === 2MgO + C
2Mg + SiO2 === 2MgO + Si
Mg + H2S === MgS + H2
Mg + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2
2Al + 3Cl2 === 2AlCl3
4Al + 3O2 === 2Al2O3(钝化)
4Al(Hg) + 3O2 + 2xH2O === 2(Al2O3.xH2O) + 4Hg
4Al + 3MnO2 === 2Al2O3 + 3Mn
2Al + Cr2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Cr
2Al + Fe2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Fe
2Al + 3FeO === Al2O3 + 3Fe
2Al + 6HCl === 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
2Al + 6H2SO4(浓) === Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
(Al、Fe在冷、浓的H2SO4、HNO3中钝化)
Al + 4HNO(稀) === Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O === 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2Fe + 3Br2 === 2FeBr3
Fe + I2 === FeI2
Fe + S === FeS
3Fe + 4H2O(g) === Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe + 2HCl === FeCl2 + H2
Fe + CuCl2 === FeCl2 + Cu
Fe + SnCl4 === FeCl2 + SnCl2
(铁在酸性环境下、不能把四氯化锡完全
还原为单质锡 Fe + SnCl2==FeCl2 + Sn)
三、非金属氢化物(HF、HCl、H2O、H2S、NH3)
1、还原性:
4HCl(浓) + MnO2 === MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
4HCl(g) + O2 === 2Cl2 + 2H2O
16HCl + 2KMnO4 === 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 === 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O
2H2O + 2F2 === 4HF + O2
2H2S + 3O2(足量) === 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2S + O2(少量) === 2S + 2H2O
2H2S + SO2 === 3S + 2H2O
H2S + H2SO4(浓) === S + SO2 + 2H2O
3H2S + 2HNO(稀) === 3S + 2NO + 4H2O
5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S + 8H2O
3H2S + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 === Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 3S + 7H2O
H2S + 4Na2O2 + 2H2O === Na2SO4 + 6NaOH
2NH3 + 3CuO === 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
2NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6HCl
8NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6NH4Cl
4NH3 + 3O2(纯氧) === 2N2 + 6H2O
4NH3 + 5O2 === 4NO + 6H2O
4NH3 + 6NO === 5N2 + 6H2O(用氨清除NO)
NaH + H2O === NaOH + H2
4NaH + TiCl4 === Ti + 4NaCl + 2H2
CaH2 + 2H2O === Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
2、酸性:
4HF + SiO2 === SiF4 + 2H2O
(此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量)
2HF + CaCl2 === CaF2 + 2HCl
H2S + Fe === FeS + H2
H2S + CuCl2 === CuS + 2HCl
H2S + 2AgNO3 === Ag2S + 2HNO3
H2S + HgCl2 === HgS + 2HCl
H2S + Pb(NO3)2 === PbS + 2HNO3
H2S + FeCl2 ===
2NH3 + 2Na==2NaNH2 + H2
(NaNH2 + H2O === NaOH + NH3)
3，碱性：
NH3 + HCl === NH4Cl
NH3 + HNO3 === NH4NO3
2NH3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4
NH3 + NaCl + H2O + CO2 === NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
(此反应用于工业制备小苏打，苏打)
4，不稳定性：
2HF === H2 + F2
2HCl === H2 + Cl2
2H2O === 2H2 + O2
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2
H2S === H2 + S
2NH3 === N2 + 3H2
四、非金属氧化物
低价态的还原性：
2SO2 + O2 === 2SO3
2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O === 2H2SO4
(这是SO2在大气中缓慢发生的环境化学反应)
SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HBr
SO2 + I2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HI
SO2 + NO2 === SO3 + NO
2NO + O2 === 2NO2
NO + NO2 + 2NaOH === 2NaNO2
(用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的NO和NO2)
2CO + O2 === 2CO2
CO + CuO === Cu + CO2
3CO + Fe2O3 === 2Fe + 3CO2
CO + H2O === CO2 + H2
氧化性：
SO2 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
SO3 + 2KI === K2SO3 + I2
NO2 + 2KI + H2O === NO + I2 + 2KOH
(不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2)
4NO2 + H2S === 4NO + SO3 + H2O
2NO2 + Cu === 4CuO + N2
CO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + C
(CO2不能用于扑灭由Mg、Ca、Ba、Na、K等燃烧的火灾)
SiO2 + 2H2 === Si + 2H2O
SiO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + Si
3、与水的作用:
SO2 + H2O === H2SO3
SO3 + H2O === H2SO4
3NO2 + H2O === 2HNO3 + NO
N2O5 + H2O === 2HNO3
P2O5 + H2O === 2HPO3
P2O5 + 3H2O === 2H3PO4
(P2O5极易吸水、可作气体干燥剂
P2O5 + 3H2SO4(浓) === 2H3PO4 + 3SO3)
CO2 + H2O === H2CO3
4、与碱性物质的作用:
SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O === (NH4)2SO3
SO2 + (NH4)2SO3 + H2O === 2NH4HSO3
(这是硫酸厂回收SO2的反应.先用氨水吸收SO2、
再用H2SO4处理: 2NH4HSO3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2
生成的硫酸铵作化肥、SO2循环作原料气)
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO3 + H2O
(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别)
SO3 + MgO === MgSO4
SO3 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO4 + H2O
CO2 + 2NaOH(过量) === Na2CO3 + H2O
CO2(过量) + NaOH === NaHCO3
CO2 + Ca(OH)2(过量) === CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2(过量) + Ca(OH)2 === Ca(HCO3)2
CO2 + 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + Na2CO3
CO2 + C6H5ONa + H2O === C6H5OH + NaHCO3
SiO2 + CaO === CaSiO3
SiO2 + 2NaOH === Na2SiO3 + H2O
(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)
SiO2 + Na2CO3 === Na2SiO3 + CO2
SiO2 + CaCO3 === CaSiO3 + CO2
五、金属氧化物
1、低价态的还原性:
6FeO + O2 === 2Fe3O4
FeO + 4HNO3 === Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
2、氧化性:
Na2O2 + 2Na === 2Na2O
(此反应用于制备Na2O)
MgO，Al2O3几乎没有氧化性，很难被还原为Mg，Al.
一般通过电解制Mg和Al.
Fe2O3 + 3H2 === 2Fe + 3H2O (制还原铁粉)
Fe3O4 + 4H2 === 3Fe + 4H2O
3、与水的作用:
Na2O + H2O === 2NaOH
2Na2O2 + 2H2O === 4NaOH + O2
(此反应分两步:Na2O2 + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2O2 ;
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2. H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应:
BaO2 + H2SO4(稀) === BaSO4 + H2O2)
MgO + H2O === Mg(OH)2 (缓慢反应)
4、与酸性物质的作用:
Na2O + SO3 === Na2SO4
Na2O + CO2 === Na2CO3
Na2O + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O
2Na2O2 + 2CO2 === 2Na2CO3 + O2
Na2O2 + H2SO4(冷、稀) === Na2SO4 + H2O2
MgO + SO3 === MgSO4
MgO + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2O
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(Al2O3是两性氧化物:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH === 2NaAlO2 + H2O)
FeO + 2HCl === FeCl2 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl === 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2S(g) === Fe2S3 + 3H2O
Fe3O4 + 8HCl === FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
六、含氧酸
1、氧化性:
4HClO3 + 3H2S === 3H2SO4 + 4HCl
HClO3 + HI === HIO3 + HCl
3HClO + HI === HIO3 + 3HCl
HClO + H2SO3 === H2SO4 + HCl
HClO + H2O2 === HCl + H2O + O2
(氧化性:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4、
但浓、热的HClO4氧化性很强)
2H2SO4(浓) + C === CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2SO4(浓) + S === 3SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Fe(Al) 室温下钝化
6H2SO4(浓) + 2Fe === Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2H2SO4(浓) + Cu === CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(浓) + 2HBr === SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(浓) + 2HI === SO2 + I2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(稀) + Fe === FeSO4 + H2
2H2SO3 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
4HNO3(浓) + C === CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
6HNO3(浓) + S === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
5HNO3(浓) + P === H3PO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
6HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
4HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
36HNO3 + 10Fe === 10Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
2、还原性:
H2SO3 + X2 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2HX
(X表示Cl2、Br2、I2)
2H2SO3 + O2 === 2H2SO4
H2SO3 + H2O2 === H2SO4 + H2O
5H2SO3 + 2KMnO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 + 3H2O
H2SO3 + 2FeCl3 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
3、酸性:
H2SO4(浓) + CaF2 === CaSO4 + 2HF
H2SO4(浓) + NaCl === NaHSO4 + HCl
H2SO4(浓) + 2NaCl === Na2SO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4(浓) + NaNO3 === NaHSO4 + HNO3
3H2SO4(浓) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
2H2SO4(浓) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 2CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
3HNO3 + Ag3PO4 === H3PO4 + 3AgNO3
2HNO3 + CaCO3 === Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
(用HNO3和浓H2SO4不能制备H2S，HI，HBr，(SO2)
等还原性气体)
4H3PO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3Ca(H2PO4)2(重钙)
H3PO4(浓) + NaBr === NaH2PO4 + HBr
H3PO4(浓) + NaI === NaH2PO4 + HI
4，不稳定性：
2HClO === 2HCl + O2
4HNO3 === 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
H2SO3 === H2O + SO2
H2CO3 === H2O + CO2
4SiO4 === H2SiO3 + H2O
七、碱
低价态的还原性：
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O === 4Fe(OH)3
与酸性物质的作用：
2NaOH + SO2(少量) === Na2SO3 + H2O
NaOH + SO2(足量) === NaHSO3
2NaOH + SiO2 === NaSiO3 + H2O
2NaOH + Al2O3 === 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2NaOH + Cl2 === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
NaOH + HCl === NaCl + H2O
NaOH + H2S(足量) === NaHS + H2O
2NaOH + H2S(少量) === Na2S + 2H2O
3NaOH + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaOH + Al(OH)3 === NaAlO2 + 2H2O
NaOH + NH4Cl === NaCl + NH3 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl === MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl 不溶解
3、不稳定性:
Mg(OH)2 === MgO + H2O
2Al(OH)3 === Al2O3 + 3H2O
2Fe(OH)3 === Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Cu(OH)2 === CuO + H2O
八、盐
1、氧化性:
2FeCl3 + Fe === 3FeCl2
2FeCl3 + Cu === 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(用于雕刻铜线路版)
2FeCl3 + Zn === 2FeCl2 + ZnCl2
FeCl3 + Ag === FeCl2 + AgC
Fe2(SO4)3 + 2Ag === FeSO4 + Ag2SO4(较难反应)
Fe(NO3)3 + Ag 不反应
2FeCl3 + H2S === 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
2FeCl3 + 2KI === 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
FeCl2 + Mg === Fe + MgCl2
2、还原性:
2FeCl2 + Cl2 === 2FeCl3
3Na2S + 8HNO3(稀) === 6NaNO3 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
3Na2SO3 + 2HNO3(稀) === 3Na2SO4 + 2NO + H2O
2Na2SO3 + O2 === 2Na2SO4
3、与碱性物质的作用:
MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O === Mg(OH)2 + NH4Cl
AlCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
FeCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
4、与酸性物质的作用:
Na3PO4 + HCl === Na2HPO4 + NaCl
Na2HPO4 + HCl === NaH2PO4 + NaCl
NaH2PO4 + HCl === H3PO4 + NaCl
Na2CO3 + HCl === NaHCO3 + NaCl
NaHCO3 + HCl === NaCl + H2O + CO2
3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O === 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3NaHCO3 + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3CO2
3NaHCO3 + FeCl3 === Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2
3Na2S + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O === 4Al(OH)3
5、不稳定性:
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 === Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
NH4Cl === NH3 + HCl
NH4HCO3 === NH3 + H2O + CO2
2KNO3 === 2KNO2 + O2
2Cu(NO3)3 === 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
2KMnO4 === K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2KClO3 === 2KCl + 3O2
2NaHCO3 === Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Ca(HCO3)2 === CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 === CaO + CO2
MgCO3 === MgO + CO2
基本上都不需要记了，我读高中都没记过，只要知道反应原理，全都可以做了，就是速度可能慢点，所以做题常用的几条记住就行了
绛旓細1.鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鍏紡锛歁=m/n锛屽叾涓璏琛ㄧず鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺锛宮琛ㄧず鐗╄川鐨勮川閲忥紝n琛ㄧず鐗╄川鐨勯噺銆2.闃夸紡浼藉痉缃楀父鏁帮細绾︿负6.022x10^23涓/mol銆3.鎽╁皵娴撳害鍏紡锛欳=n/V锛屽叾涓瑿琛ㄧず鎽╁皵娴撳害锛宯琛ㄧず鐗╄川鐨勯噺锛孷琛ㄧず婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉4.鎽╁皵鍒嗘暟鍏紡锛歺B=nB/n锛屽叾涓瓁B琛ㄧずB鐗╄川鐨勬懇灏斿垎鏁帮紝nB琛ㄧずB鐗╄川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紝n琛ㄧず...
绛旓細鈶℃祿婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉楁祿婧舵恫鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害=绋婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉楃█婧舵恫鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害[鍗砪(娴)路V(娴)=c(绋)路V(绋)](4)浠讳綍涓绉嶇數瑙ｈ川婧舵恫涓細闃崇瀛愭墍甯︾殑姝ｇ數鑽锋绘暟=闃寸瀛愭墍甯︾殑璐熺數鑽锋绘暟(鍗虫暣涓憾娑插憟鐢典腑鎬)3.鏈夊叧婧惰В搴︾殑璁＄畻鍏紡(婧惰川涓轰笉鍚粨鏅舵按鐨勫浐浣)(1)鍩烘湰鍏紡锛4.骞冲潎鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鎴栧钩鍧...
绛旓細涓銆侀潪閲戝睘鍗曡川(F2 ,Cl2 銆 O2 銆 S銆 N2 銆 P 銆 C 銆 Si)1.姘у寲鎬э細F2 + H2 === 2HF F2 + Xe(杩囬噺) === XeF2 2F2(杩囬噺) + Xe === XeF4 nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (琛ㄧず澶ч儴鍒嗛噾灞)2F2 + 2H2O === 4HF + O2 2F2 + 2NaOH === 2NaF + OF2 + H2O F2 + 2NaCl ...
绛旓細M = m / n (鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺=璐ㄩ噺/鎽╁皵鏁), m = n 脳 M寰矑鏁颁笌闃夸紡浼藉痉缃楀父鏁:</ n = N / NA (寰矑鏁=闃夸紡浼藉痉缃楁暟/绮掑瓙鏁), N = n 脳 NA, NA = N / n姘斾綋浣撶Н涓庢懇灏斾綋绉:</ n = V / 22.4 (鎽╁皵鏁=姘斾綋浣撶Н/鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓嬬殑鎽╁皵浣撶Н), ...
绛旓細閫氱敤鐨勫叕寮忚姹傝18涓紝鍏冪礌琛ㄩ儴鍒嗗涓嬫墍绀猴細姘(H)銆佹唉(He)銆侀攤(Li)銆侀搷(Be)銆佺〖(B)銆佺⒊(C)銆佹爱(N)銆佹哀(O)銆佹盁(F)銆佹皷(Ne)銆侀挔(Na)銆侀晛(Mg)銆侀摑(Al)銆佺(Si)銆佺７(P)銆佺～(S)銆佹隘(Cl)銆佹癌(Ar)
绛旓細楂樹腑甯哥敤鍖栧鏂圭▼寮 涓銆佺墿璐ㄤ笌姘ф皵鐨勫弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡 锛堜竴锛夊崟璐ㄤ笌姘ф皵鐨勫弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡 1銆侀晛鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐕冪儳锛2mg+o2鐐圭噧2mgo 2銆侀搧鍦ㄦ哀姘斾腑鐕冪儳锛3fe+2o2鐐圭噧fe3o4 3銆侀摐鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鍙楃儹锛2cu+o2鍔犵儹2cuo 4銆侀摑鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐕冪儳锛4al+3o2鐐圭噧2al2o3 5銆佹阿姘斾腑绌烘皵涓噧鐑э細2h2+o2鐐圭噧2h2o 6銆佺孩纾峰湪绌烘皵...
绛旓細楂樹竴鐗╃悊鎵鏈鍏紡:绗竴绔 鍔1. 閲嶅姏:G = mg 2. 鎽╂摝鍔:(1) 婊戝姩鎽╂摝鍔:f = 渭FN 鍗虫粦鍔ㄦ懇鎿﹀姏璺熷帇鍔涙垚姝ｆ瘮銆(2) 闈欐懇鎿﹀姏:鈶犲涓鑸潤鎽╂摝鍔涚殑璁＄畻搴旇鍒╃敤鐗涢】绗簩瀹氬緥,鍒囪涓嶈涔辩敤f =渭FN;鈶″鏈澶ч潤鎽╂摝鍔涚殑璁＄畻鏈夊叕寮:f = 渭FN (娉ㄦ剰:杩欓噷鐨勎间笌婊戝姩鎽╂摝瀹氬緥涓殑渭鐨勫尯鍒,浣嗕竴鑸儏鍐典笅,...
绛旓細1銆佹哀鍖栨э細2O2+3Fe =Fe3O4 O2+K=KO2 S+H2=H2S 2S+C =CS2 S+Zn =ZnS S+Fe = FeS S+2Cu =Cu2S3S+2Al =Al2S3P4+6H2 =4PH3 P+3Na= Na3P 2P+3Zn= Zn3P2 H2+2Li =2LiH 2銆佽繕鍘熸 S+O2 =SO2 S+H2SO4(娴)= 3SO2鈫+2H2O S+6HNO3(娴)= H2SO...
绛旓細鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忔荤粨 1銆佺～閰告牴绂诲瓙鐨勬楠: BaCl2 + Na2SO4 = BaSO4鈫+ 2NaCl 2銆佺⒊閰告牴绂诲瓙鐨勬楠: CaCl2 +Na2CO3=CaCO3鈫 + 2NaCl 3銆佺⒊閰搁挔涓庣洂閰稿弽搴:Na2CO3+ 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2鈫 4銆佹湪鐐繕鍘熸哀鍖栭摐: 2CuO + C 楂樻俯 2Cu + CO2鈫 5銆侀搧鐗囦笌纭吀閾滄憾娑插弽搴: Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cu...
绛旓細楂樹腑鍖栧鎵鏈鍏紡 鎴戞潵绛 5涓洖绛 #鐑# 鍙箰鏍,鏄粈涔堟爲? 鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛 2013-09-09 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 楂樹竴: 鍖栧悎鍙嶅簲 1銆侀晛鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐕冪儳:2Mg + O2 鐐圭噧 2MgO 2銆侀搧鍦ㄦ哀姘斾腑鐕冪儳:3Fe + 2O2 鐐圭噧 Fe3O4 3銆侀摑鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐕冪儳:4Al + 3O2 鐐圭噧 2Al2O3 4銆佹阿姘斿湪绌烘皵涓噧鐑:2H2 + O2 鐐圭噧 2...
