认知疗法的历史 什么是认知疗法?
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u7597\u6cd5\u5fc3\u7406\u7597\u6cd5
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5(Congnitive therapy)\u4e8e\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa60\uff5e70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6c42\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u77eb\u6b63\u5e76\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u662f\u65b0\u8fd1\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7740\u773c\u70b9\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u60a3\u8005\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u5df2\u3001\u5bf9\u4eba\u6216\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u6539\u5584\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6307\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6216\u67d0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8ba4\u79ef\u548c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b69\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u573a\u6240\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u9488\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4f1a\u770b\u6210\u662f\u201c\u6551\u6b7b\u6276\u4f24\u201d\u4e4b\u5730\u3001\u53ef\u5e2e\u5176\u201c\u51cf\u8f7b\u75db\u82e6\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u533b\u9662\u770b\u6210\u662f\u201c\u8fdb\u5165\u575f\u5893\u4e4b\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u533b\u9662\u201d\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ecb\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u201d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u975e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6216\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u53d7\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u8d1d\u514b(A\u00b7T\u00b7Beck)\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u77eb\u6b63\u7597\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5982\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201d\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u597d\uff0c\u8fde\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u5351\uff0c\u5fc3\u60c5\u4e5f\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u4e8e\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u4e0d\u597d\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u5bf9\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u7531\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u7ea0\u6b63\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5206\u6790\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u5e94\u4ed8\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u52a0\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u91cd\u5efa\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5e94\u4ed8\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7406\u8f85\u5bfc\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8ba4\u77e5\u91cd\u5efa\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u5efa\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u5927\u5e08\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u827e\u5229\u65af(Ellis)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u67d0\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u758f\u5bfc\u3001\u8fa8\u8bba\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6885\u94a6\u4f2f\u59c6(Meychenbaum)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u7531\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5185\u5316\uff0c\u867d\u5728\u6210\u4eba\u671f\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u4ee4\u6027\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u514b\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\u6216\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u6316\u6398\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u518d\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e43\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u75c7\u7ed3\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u65bd\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u60a3\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u628a\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7ba1\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u3001\u4e5f\u6293\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u66f4\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u597d\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u65e2\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5728\u4e8e\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u76f2\u76ee\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u8bf4\u660e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u3001\u4fc3\u819d\u8c08\u5fc3\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u65bd\u6cbb\u8005\u8981\u5411\u6c42\u6cbb\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u5fc3\u60c5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6c42\u6cbb\u8005\u53bb\u68c0\u8ba8\u4ed6\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u5df2\u3001\u5bf9\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u56db\u5468\u73af\u5883\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d1\u89c9\u8ddf\u60a3\u8005\u4e3b\u8bc9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u770b\u6cd5\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6001\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u60a3\u8005\u53bb\u68c0\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\u6216\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4e0e\u75c5\u6001\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7763\u4fc3\u60a3\u8005\u53bb\u7ec3\u4e60\u66f4\u6362\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\u6216\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u501f\u6b64\u65b0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6216\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u3000\u30001\uff0e\u6539\u53d8\u6c42\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u836f\u7269\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u75b2\u52b3\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\u6216\u8fc7\u4efd\u8b66\u89c9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u611f\u77e5\u6b6a\u66f2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u73b0\u5b9e\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u8349\u6728\u7686\u5175\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u73b0\u5b9e\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5982\u56fa\u6267\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u8a00\u4e00\u884c\u3001\u4e00\u7b11\u4e00\u98a6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u5173\uff1b\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4eba\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\u4e8b\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5982\u4eba\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u884c\u5c38\u8d70\u8089\uff1b\u7591\u75c5\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u628a\u8eaf\u4f53\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u9002\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u7b49\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5047\u8bbe\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5148\u5bf9\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u8005\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u5982\u7126\u8651\u75c5\u4eba\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u98ce\u5439\u8349\u52a8\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a3\u8005\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u65bd\u6cbb\u8005\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u2460\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u6620\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u75c5\u6001\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u2461\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u6982\u62ec\u4ee5\u53ca\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u7b49\u601d\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7406\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u5f71\u54cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6c42\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u82e5\u8ddf\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\u8ba4\u77e5\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u5351\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8b\u60c5\u62b1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u9002\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u9002\u5e94\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5355\u76f8\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff08\u5185\u56e0\u6027\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u3001\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u548c\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u6bd2\u7b49\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u6050\u6016\u3001\u504f\u5934\u75db\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u524d\u7d27\u5f20\u7126\u8651\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u6fc0\u6012\u548c\u6162\u6027\u75bc\u75db\u75c5\u4eba\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7597\u8fc7\u7a0b
\u3000\u3000(1)\u5efa\u7acb\u6c42\u52a9\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff1a\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u2014\u60c5\u611f\u2014\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u5bf9\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u6210\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e0d\u826f\u8868\u73b0\u7ed9\u4e88\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u4e14\u4f30\u8ba1\u77eb\u6b63\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u6d4b\u601d\u7ef4\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u7ed9\u4e88\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u793a\u8303\u7b49\u3002
\u3000\u3000(2)\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff1a\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u6307\u5bfc\u75c5\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u3000\u3000(3)\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bf9\u6297\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u7ec3\u4e60\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7528\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u5148\u7528\u60f3\u8c61\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ec3\u4e60\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6216\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u5386\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002
\u3000\u3000(4)\u6539\u53d8\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1a\u4e8e\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u75c5\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4ef7\u81ea\u6211\u6548\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ec3\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cd\u89c6\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u6539\u53d8\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u2014\u60c5\u611f\u2014\u884c\u4e3a\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u7701\u7597\u6cd5\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u91cd\u89c6\u76ee\u524d\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bf9\u5176\u5fc3\u8eab\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u89c6\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5185\u7701\u7597\u6cd5\u5219\u91cd\u89c6\u65e2\u5f80\u7ecf\u5386\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ae5\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u6216\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u77eb\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u4ea6\u9010\u6b65\u597d\u8f6c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9002\u5e94\u75c7
\u3000\u3000\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u3001\u7126\u8651\u75c7\u3001\u6291\u90c1\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u75c7\u3001\u5f3a\u8feb\u75c7\u3001\u6050\u6016\u75c7\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u969c\u788d\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u969c\u788d\u3001\u6027\u53d8\u6001\u3001\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3001\u504f\u5934\u75db\u3001\u6162\u6027\u7ed3\u80a0\u708e\u7b49\u8eab\u5fc3\u75be\u75c5\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u827e\u5229\u65af\u4e8e60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6709\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5148\u5929\u503e\u5411\u4e2d\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u4eba\u6709\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u6210\u957f\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5728\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6001\u5ea6\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u827e\u5229\u65af\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fc3\u7406\u5931\u8c03\u3002\u827e\u5229\u65af\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u2460\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u7578\u5f62\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff08\u5982\u5f3a\u8feb\u601d\u7ef4\uff09\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2461\u503e\u5411\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6613\u53d7\u6697\u793a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2462\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6982\u62ec\u5316\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2463\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8981\u6c42\u5c3d\u5584\u5c3d\u7f8e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2464\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2465\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2466\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5938\u5927\u8d1f\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2467\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u66b4\u81ea\u5f03\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2468\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u8d2c\u4f4e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u2469\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u827e\u5229\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u5bf9\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u725b\u9f3b\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u725b\u9f3b\u5b50\u201d\u62c9\u6b63\u4e86\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56f0\u6270\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u827e\u5229\u65af\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89c2\u70b9\u6982\u62ec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aABC\u7406\u8bba\uff0cA\u4ee3\u8868\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Activating events\uff09\uff0cB\u4ee3\u8868\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08Beliefs\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u5bf9A\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6216\u770b\u6cd5\uff0cC\u4ee3\u8868\u7ed3\u679c\u5373\u75c7\u72b6\uff08Consequences\uff09\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e76\u975e\u8bf1\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6A\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8d77\u75c7\u72b6C\uff0cA\u4e0eC\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2d\u4ecb\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9A\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6216\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4fe1\u5ff5B\uff0c\u827e\u5229\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6781\u5c11\u80fd\u591f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u77e5\u89c9\u7ecf\u9a8cA\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u6216\u6839\u636e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u671f\u5f85\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u610f\u613f\u3001\u6b32\u6c42\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u504f\u597d\u7b49\u6765\u7ecf\u9a8cA\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9A\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u603b\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684A\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u540c\u7684C\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u5373B\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u60c5\u5883\u5e76\u975e\u5f15\u8d77\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u624d\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728ABC\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0cD\u4ee3\u8868\u6cbb\u7597\uff08disputing\uff09\u901a\u8fc7D\u6765\u5f71\u54cdB\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u504f\u5dee\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u56f0\u6270\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u9664\u6216\u51cf\u8f7b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fbe\u5230E\u6548\u679c\uff08effects\uff09,\u8d1f\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u5f97\u5230\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u8fd110\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u963f\u767b\u7eb3\u3001\u827e\u91cc\u65af\u3001\u6208\u5f97\u592b\u96f7\u7279\u3001\u8d1d\u514b\u548c\u9ea6\u751f\u4fdd\u7b49\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u662f\u7531\u8ba4\u77e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8ba4\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u5b66\u4e60\u6280\u672f\u77eb\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u88ab\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u7684\u597d\u8f6c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7ea610\u7bc7\u62a5\u544a\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8d1d\u514b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6216\u7565\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e09\u73af\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u5242\u3002\u62c9\u4ec0\u7b49\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5ea6\u4e0e\u91cd\u5ea6\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7ecf12\u5468\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5b8c\u5168\u7f13\u89e3\u51fa\u9662\u8005\u8fbe83\uff05\u3002\u8096\u4ea6\u53d6\u5f97\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5c1a\u65e0\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u827e\u6c0f\u7406\u6027\u60c5\u7eea\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u6208\u5f97\u592b\u96f7\u7279\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u6027\u91cd\u5efa\u6cd5\u3001\u8d1d\u514b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597(CT)\u548c\u9ea6\u751f\u4fdd\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6307\u5bfc\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e0e\u5e94\u6fc0\u63a5\u79cd\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b49\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u75c5\u4eba\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6307\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a(1)\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b(2)\u4ea7\u751f\u5e94\u4ed8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b(3)\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\u7814\u7a76\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u81ea\u6211\u632b\u8d25\u884c\u4e3a\u770b\u6210\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6307\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1b\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5bfc\u81f4\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u548c\u975e\u9002\u5e94\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u77eb\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91cd\u89c6\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u6539\u53d8\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5 \u2014 \u60c5\u611f \u2014 \u884c\u4e3a\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u7701\u7597\u6cd5\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u91cd\u89c6\u76ee\u524d\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5bf9\u5176\u5fc3\u8eab\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u91cd\u89c6\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b\u5185\u7701\u7597\u6cd5\u5219\u91cd\u89c6\u65e2\u5f80\u7ecf\u5386\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ae5\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff1b\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u627e\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u6216\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u77eb\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u5378\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u4ea6\u9010\u6b65\u597d\u8f6c\u3002 \u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5728\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5360\u636e\u7740\u6781\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u53ea\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u77e5\u77eb\u6b63\u5c31\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u62c9\u4ec0\u7b49\u66fe\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u548c\u4e19\u54aa\u55ea\u6cbb\u759741\u4f8b\u5355\u76f8\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u95e8\u8bca\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5206\u4e24\u7ec4\u6bd4\u8f83\u5176\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6cbb\u759712\u5468\u4ee5\u540e\u4e24\u7ec4\u75c5\u4eba\u5747\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7f13\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7ec4\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u91cf\u8868\u8bc4\u5206\u4e0a\u7684\u6539\u5584\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7ec4\u75c5\u4eba\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u53d6\u5408\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\u8005\u8f83\u836f\u7269\u7ec4\u4e3a\u591a(\u5206\u522b\u4e3a78\uff0e9\uff05\uff0c22\uff0e7\uff05)\u3002\u968f\u96326-12\u6708\uff0c\u7597\u6548\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u6b63\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8865\u5145\u548c\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u7684\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u884c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u7531\u5a01\u7eb3\u5021\u5bfc\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55(\u5373\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f)\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8131\u79bb\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u957f\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u8131\u79bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u5c0a\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u53d1\u6cc4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u51b2\u52a8\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u66fe\u6709\u5916\u4f24\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u52a8\u529b\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u7528\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u540e\u8005\u662f\u7531\u9a6c\u5c14\u5948\u53ca\u963f\u6069\u79d1\u592b\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u3001\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u8ba4\u77e5\u6280\u672f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6280\u672f\u6765\u77eb\u6b63\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 (\u5b63\u5efa\u6797 \u5f90\u4fca\u5195\u64b0 \u8f66\u6587\u535a\u5ba1) \u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u518c \u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u963f\u9f99\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7247\u9762\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u59a5\u5584\u5730\u533a\u5206\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u5904\u4e16\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u662f\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8d1d\u514b\u8bba\u8bc1\u8bf4\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u4e8e\u505a\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u56e0\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u800c\u81ea\u6211\u8c34\u8d23\uff1b\u4e00\u4ef6\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5(\u5982\u6e85\u51fa\u996e\u6599)\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ed6\u770b\u6210\u751f\u6d3b\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u8d2c\u4f4e\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8d23\u5907\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8d1d\u514b\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6b6a\u66f2\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e94\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a
\u3000\u3000(1)\u4efb\u610f\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u5373\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6216\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u65f6\u4fbf\u8349\u7387\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u6211\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u53bb\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u5546\u5e97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u95e8\u4e86\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000(2)\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6982\u62ec\u4ec5\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u522b\u7ec6\u8282\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4fbf\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u778e\u5b50\u6478\u8c61\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u504f\u6982\u5168\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u201c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u5b66\u65e0\u672f\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u505a\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fc7\u9519\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000(3)\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f15\u4f38\uff1a\u6216\u79f0\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6cdb\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7410\u7ec6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u51fa\u53d1\u5f15\u4f38\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5982\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u611a\u8822\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u6216\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6253\u788e\u4e86\u4e00\u53ea\u7897\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6bcd\u4eb2\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000(4)\u5938\u5927\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\uff1a\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b6a\u66f2\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5076\u7136\u7684\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u6076\u610f\u5730\u6492\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8c0e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u8bda\u610f\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000(5)\u8d70\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff1a\u5373\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u5bf9\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u9519\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u770b\u6210\u975e\u9ed1\u5373\u767d\u7684\u5355\u8272\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u8272\u3002\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8058\u4e3a\u7535\u89c6\u64ad\u97f3\u5458\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u518d\u4f1a\u8058\u7528\u6211\u4e86\uff1b\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u8fde\u6574\u7406\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4ee5\u5931\u843d\u611f\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u524d\u9014\u4e27\u5931\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e27\u5931\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e27\u5931(\u5982\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u98df\u6b32\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u7b49)\u3001\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u201c\u8d1f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u503e\u5411\u201d \u4e3a\u5176\u8ba4\u77e5\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u6210\u662f\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u7684\u3001\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u8346\u68d8\u548c\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e1d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u559c\u60a6\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u9014\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u81ea\u6211\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u632b\u6298\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6291\u90c1\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u5f81\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u6b6a\u66f2\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u56fa\u6267\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u77e5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u60c5\u7eea\u6291\u90c1\u548c\u975e\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u5bf9\u524d\u9014\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3001\u68a6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5bf9\u60f3\u8c61\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u8bc4\u5206(\u5982\u81ea\u4e3b\u601d\u7ef4\u95ee\u5377ATQ)\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6307\u5bfc\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u5bf9\u6291\u90c1\u5fc3\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d88\u6781\u601d\u7ef4\u7b49\u6709\u5fc3\u7406\u77eb\u6b63\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8d1d\u514b\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u3001\u6050\u6016\u969c\u788d\u3001\u504f\u6267\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u836f\u7269\u6ee5\u7528\u3001\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8d1d\u514b\u7684\u4e0b\u8ff0\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u66f2\u89e3\u548c\u8c2c\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u60c5\u7eea\u969c\u788d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u5c14\u5948\u548c\u963f\u6069\u8003\u592b(1978\u5e74)\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u4e60\u8ba4\u77e5\u7597\u6cd5\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a
\u3000\u3000(1)\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u6216\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1b
\u3000\u3000(2)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u56fe\u5f0f\u201d(\u8d1d\u514b\u5c06\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u79f0\u4e3a\u56fe\u5f0f)\u6240\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff1b
\u3000\u3000(3)\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u65e2\u662f\u8bca\u65ad\u8005\u53c8\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u3002\u5373\u8bc4\u5b9a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u77eb\u6b63\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 (\u5b63\u5efa\u6797 \u5f90\u4fca\u5195\u64b0 \u8f66\u6587\u535a\u5ba1) \u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u518c \u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u9002\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u75be\u75c5?
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u8bb8\u591a\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u788d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u60c5\u7eea\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u76f8\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u75c5\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u4e3b\u8981\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u5355\u76f8\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u95e8\u8bca\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4e00\u822c\u7ecf\u8fc712\u5468\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c80\uff05\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u7597\u6548\u4f18\u4e8e\u7528\u4e19\u54aa\u55ea\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\uff0c\u968f\u8bbf\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7597\u6548\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u50cf\u6297\u6291\u90c1\u836f\u7269\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7597\u6548\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u4f2f\u6069(1981)\u7b49\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u53d1\u6027\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u968f\u673a\u5206\u6210\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u548c\u836f\u7269\u2014\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u5408\u5e76\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc720\u5468\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u5408\u5e76\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u95e8\u8bca\u75c5\u4eba\u7597\u6548\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8c\u7ec4\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u6027\u6291\u90c1\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u80fd\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u5dee\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd8\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u3001\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u548c\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u6bd2\u7b49\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u6bd2\u75c5\u4eba\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u6212\u9152\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u5468\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u5e94\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u51e0\u6b21\u5206\u522b\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u75c5\u4eba\u505a\u4f1a\u8c08\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u5929\u5bb6\u5ead\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8a00\u8bed\u4ea4\u8c08\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u4ee5\u53ca\u58f0\u50cf\u56fe\u7247\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u7ed9\u75c5\u4eba\u8f93\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9152\u7cbe\u4e2d\u6bd2\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea6\u5927\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u75c5\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4fbf\u4e0d\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e2d\u65ad\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u6c42\u6cbb\u52a8\u673a\u2019\u2019\u6216\u201c\u4e0d\u51c6\u5907\u6cbb\u7597\u201d\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8bc6\u522b\u75c5\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bd8\u96be\u548c\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u75c5\u4eba\u914d\u5408\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u6212\u9152\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u3001\u996e\u98df\u6cbb\u7597\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6cbb\u7597\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6b6a\u66f2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u5916\u5f62\u3001\u9762\u5e9e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u77eb\u6b63\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u5408\u7406\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u5bdf\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\uff1a\u201c\u6d88\u7626\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5403\u7684\u8fc7\u5c11\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6d88\u7626\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u98df\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u4f53\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u98df\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6d88\u7626\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u50cf\u6b63\u5e38\u4f53\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u5065\u7f8e\u3001\u5f3a\u58ee\u201d\u3002\u8981\u6c42\u75c5\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\u5361\u98df\u7269\u6444\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u5bdf\u4f53\u91cd\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u6027\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6539\u53d8\u4e0d\u826f\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u6027\u538c\u98df\u60a3\u8005\u6cbb\u7597\u591a\u4e0d\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u597d\u533b\u60a3\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u60a3\u8005\u4fe1\u4efb\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6027\u6b32\u51cf\u9000\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u8f85\u4ee5\u8ba4\u77e5\u77eb\u6b63\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5728\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u6291\u5236\u75c5\u4eba\u6027\u6b32\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u6027\u611f\u96c6\u4e2d\u6280\u672f\u521b\u9020\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u75c5\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u6027\u6b32\u65fa\u76db\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u662f\u574f\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\u5e94\u8be5\u9488\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6291\u5236\u6027\u6b32\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u5bfc\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u75c5\u4eba\u91c7\u7528\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5bf9\u6027\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u533b\u5e08\u4ea6\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u95ee\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5176\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6027\u611f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462?\u201d\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u544a\u8beb\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u53d7\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u8fdd\u80cc\u7406\u667a\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u77eb\u6b63\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u7126\u8651\u548c\u754f\u60e7\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u7126\u8651\u969c\u788d\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u6050\u6016\u3001\u504f\u5934\u75db\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u524d\u7d27\u5f20\u7126\u8651\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u6fc0\u6012\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6162\u6027\u75bc\u75db\u75c5\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d77\u6d1b\u56e0\u6210\u763e\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u62a5\u9053\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u5408\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u6cbb\u7597\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u3002
认知疗法是20世纪60～70年代在美国心理治疗领域中发展起来的一种新的理论和技术。
这种改变人的认识观念的思想最早起源于古希腊哲学家苏格拉底的“辩证法”。由你说出你自己的观点，并依照这种观点进行进一步的推理，最后引出矛盾和谬误，从而使你认识到先前思想不合理的地方，并由你自己加以改变。
20世纪，另一名哲学家维持根斯坦(L·Wittgnehstein)提出了语言分析哲学，目的就是要改变当时哲学领域中语词不清，概念混乱的局面。实际上，这是一种更为严密的揭示并纠正错误思想的方法。
自从心理学从哲学范畴中独立出来，心理学的理论也有了飞速的发展，先后经历了精神分析和行为主义心理学占统治地位的时期；而到了20世纪60～70年代，人本主义心理学和认知心理学的兴起则是继精神分析和行为主义之后的第三股势力。
认知疗法作为一种系统的心理咨询的理论和技术正是在这种背景下发展起来的。因此，它和人本主义心理学及认知心理学在理论上有着密切的联系。
认知行为疗法是一组通过改变思维和行为的方法来改变不良认知，达到消除不良情绪和行为的短程的心理治疗方法。
其中有代表性的是阿尔波特.埃利斯的合理情绪行为疗法,阿伦.贝克和雷米的认知疗法以及梅肯鲍姆的认知行为疗法。
绛旓細1銆佸績鐞嗘敮鎸佷笌鐤忓銆傚績鐞嗘敮鎸佷笌鐤忓浜︾О涓鑸у績鐞嗗共棰勶紝鏄府鍔╄繎鏈熼伃閬囩柧鐥呮垨蹇冪悊绀句細鍘嬪姏杩囧ぇ鏃犳硶鑷垜璋冭妭鐨勪汉銆傚師鐞嗘槸鍑忚交蹇冪悊搴旀縺寮曡捣鐨勫績韬弽搴旓紝浠ヨ揪鍒扮紦瑙ｇ棁鐘躲佹不鎰堢柧鐥呫佷績杩涘仴搴风殑鐩殑銆2銆佽鐭ヨ皟鏁翠笌鏁欒偛銆傝鐭ヨ皟鏁翠笌鏁欒偛鐨勪富瑕佹妧鏈槸璁ょ煡鐤楁硶(Cognitive therapy)銆傝鐭ョ枟娉曟槸20涓栫邯70骞翠唬鍦ㄧ編鍥藉彂灞...
绛旓細璁ょ煡鐤楁硶璁╀綘鍙戠幇鑷繁鐨勫彟涓闈20涓栫邯60骞翠唬,缇庡浗蹇冪悊瀛﹀璐濆厠鍒涚珛浜璁ょ煡娌荤枟瀛︽淳銆傜粡杩囧崐涓涓栫邯鐨勫彂灞,璇ュ娲惧″鐨勬不鐤楃悊蹇靛凡骞挎硾搴旂敤浜庝复搴婂績鐞嗗挩璇㈠拰娌荤枟銆傝鐭ユ不鐤楀寘鎷澶氭湁鏁堢殑鏂规硶鍜屾妧鏈,鍏朵腑鍙戠幇骞剁籂姝ｂ滆鐭ユ壄鏇测(閿欒鐨勬濈淮鎴栦俊蹇),甯姪鏉ヨ鑰呴噸鏂拌璇嗛棶棰,鏄鐭ユ不鐤椾腑涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勯噸瑕佺幆鑺傘傚皬閾炬帴:...
绛旓細璐濆厠璁ょ煡鐤楁硶锛圔eck Cognitive Therapy锛夋槸涓绉嶅績鐞嗘不鐤楁柟娉曪紝瀹冧富瑕佺敤浜庢不鐤楁姂閮佺棁銆佺劍铏戠棁鍜屽叾浠栨儏缁殰纰嶃傝鏂规硶鐢辩編鍥藉績鐞嗗瀹堕樋闅喡疯礉鍏嬶紙Aaron T. Beck锛変簬20涓栫邯60骞翠唬鎻愬嚭锛岄氳繃甯姪鎮ｈ呭彂鐜板拰鏀瑰彉鑷繁鐨勮礋闈㈡濈淮妯″紡锛屼粠鑰屾敼鍠勬儏缁拰琛屼负闂銆備互涓嬫槸涓浜涗笌璐濆厠璁ょ煡鐤楁硶鐩稿叧鐨勬蹇碉細璐熼潰鎬濈淮妯″紡锛...
绛旓細璁ょ煡鐤楁硶涔熺О璁ょ煡琛屼负鐤楁硶锛屾槸褰撳墠涓栫晫涓婃渶甯哥敤鐨勫績鐞嗘不鐤楁柟娉曚箣涓锛屼笌绮剧鍒嗘瀽銆佽涓虹枟娉曘佷汉鏈枟娉曞钩鍒嗙鑹层 涓轰粈涔堣鐭ョ枟娉曞張绉拌鐭ヨ涓虹枟娉曪紵鏈変汉璁や负锛岃鐭ョ枟娉曟槸浠庤涓虹枟娉曚腑鍙戝睍鍑烘潵鐨勩傝涓鐤楁硶鐨鐞嗚鍩虹鏄涓轰富涔夊拰瀛︿範鐞嗚锛屽寘鎷反鐢礇澶殑缁忓吀鏉′欢鍙嶅皠銆佹柉閲戠撼鐨勬搷浣滄潯浠跺弽灏勩佺彮鏉滄媺鐨勭ぞ浼氬涔犲拰...
绛旓細1銆璁ょ煡鐤楁硶鐨鐞嗚鍩虹銆佸熀鏈繃绋嬪強鎶鏈傝鐭ョ枟娉曟槸70骞翠唬鎵鍙戝睍璧锋潵鐨勪竴绉嶅績鐞嗘不鐤楁妧鏈傚畠鏄牴鎹鐭ヨ繃绋嬪奖鍝嶆儏鎰熷拰琛屼负鐨勭悊璁哄亣璁撅紝閫氳繃璁ょ煡鍜岃涓烘妧鏈潵鏀瑰彉鐥呬汉涓嶈壇璁ょ煡鐨勪竴绫诲績鐞嗘不鐤楁柟娉曠殑鎬讳綋銆傝鐭ョ枟娉曢珮搴﹂噸瑙嗙爺绌剁梾浜虹殑涓嶈壇璁ょ煡鍜屾濈淮鏂瑰紡锛屽苟涓旀妸鑷垜鎸触琛屼负鐪嬫垚鏄梾浜轰笉鑹鐭ョ殑缁撴灉銆傛墍璋撲笉鑹鐭...
绛旓細3銆佺湡瀹炴ч獙璇佲斺斿皢姹傚姪鑰呯殑鑷姩鎬ф濈淮鍜岄敊璇蹇佃涓轰竴绉嶅亣璁撅紝鐒跺悗榧撳姳姹傚姪鑰呭湪涓ユ牸璁捐鐨勮涓烘ā寮忔垨鎯呭涓杩欎竴鍋囪杩涜楠岃瘉銆傞氳繃杩欑鏂规硶锛岃姹傚姪鑰呰璇嗗埌浠栧師鏈夌殑瑙傚康鏄笉绗﹀悎瀹為檯鐨勶紝骞惰兘鑷鍔犱互鏀瑰彉銆傝繖鏄璁ょ煡娌荤枟鐨鏍稿績銆4銆佸幓涓績鍖栤斺斿緢澶氭眰鍔╄呮绘劅鍒拌嚜宸辨槸鍒汉娉ㄦ剰鐨勪腑蹇冿紝鑷繁鐨勪竴瑷涓...
绛旓細绗竴娴疆锛氣滆涓烘不鐤椻濅竴璇嶆渶鏃╂槸鐢辨柉閲戠撼绛変汉浜1954骞存彁鍑虹殑銆傚簲璇ヨ锛岃涓轰富涔夌殑鐞嗚瀛樺湪宸叉湁寰堥暱鏃堕棿浜嗭紝浣嗚涓烘不鐤椾笌琛屼负鍜ㄨ鐨勫彂灞鍘嗗彶鍗磋繙杩滅煭浜庡叾鐞嗚瀛樺湪鐨勫勾闄愶紝琛屼负涓讳箟鐨勭爺绌舵棭鍦ㄥ紬娲涗紛寰疯繘琛屽績鐞嗗垎鏋愮殑鐮旂┒鏃跺氨宸插紑濮嬶紝浣嗚涓娌荤枟鐨鍙戝睍鍗存槸20涓栫邯50骞翠唬鏈嚦60骞翠唬鍒濈殑浜嬫儏锛屼笉杩囷紝鍦ㄨ緝鐭椂闂...
绛旓細璁ょ煡琛屼负鐤楁硶鐨鍏蜂綋鏂规硶濡備笅锛1銆佺寽娴嬫兂娉曟硶銆傛湁鏃跺欐潵璁胯呯殑璐熼潰鎯呯华澶己鐑堬紝浠ヨ嚦浜庝粬涓嶈兘鎬濊冧笌鎯呯华涓璧峰嚭鐜扮殑鎯虫硶銆傚挩璇㈠笀鍙互瀵规潵璁胯呮彁鍑轰竴浜涘彲鑳界殑鎯虫硶锛岃浠栨潵鍐冲畾鍏朵腑涓浜涙兂娉曟槸鍚︿笌鑷繁鐨勬兂娉曟垨鎯呯华涓鑷淬傚挩璇㈠笀鍜屾潵璁胯呴兘鍔姏鎺ㄦ祴娼滃湪鐨勬濈淮銆2銆侀噸鏂板綊鍥犳硶銆傞噸鏂板綊鍥犳硶灏辨槸鍜ㄨ甯堝府鍔╂潵璁胯呴噸鏂...
绛旓細骞朵笌蹇楀悓閬撳悎鐨勭帇闈欓鍗氬＋涓璧锋帰璁紝绉樺瘑瀹炶返锛屽澶氬悕寮鸿揩鐥囥佹亹鎯х棁鎮ｈ呰繘琛屽疄楠屾ф不鐤椼傛枃闈╂湡闂达紝瀹為獙琚揩鍋滄锛岄挓浼樻花鍦ㄦ枃闈╁悗鏈熼噸鏂板紑濮嬩簡娌荤枟鎬х爺绌躲20涓栫邯80骞翠唬浠ュ悗锛岄挓浼樻花鐨勫伐浣滆繘灞曡繀閫熴1988骞达紝鐨勩婁腑鍥界簿绁炲垎鏋愨斺旇鐭ラ鎮熺枟娉曘嬪嚭鐗堬紝鏍囧織鐫閽熼鎮鐤楁硶鐨姝ｅ紡璇炵敓銆璁ょ煡鐤楁硶锛涘畠鏄竴绉嶄娇...
绛旓細璁ょ煡棰嗘偀鐤楁硶锛坈ognitive comprehend therapy锛夛細鐢变腑鍥藉績鐞娌荤枟涓撳閽熷弸褰厛鐢熼鍒涳紝鏄氳繃瑙ｉ噴浣挎眰娌昏呮敼鍙璁よ瘑锛屽緱鍒伴鎮熻屼娇鐥囩姸寰椾互鍑忚交鎴栨秷澶憋紝浠庤岃揪鍒版不鐥呯洰鐨勭殑涓绉嶅績鐞嗘不鐤楁柟娉曘
