急求一份建筑工程系大学毕业实习报告，工地现场施工的，字数3000字，邮箱[email protected] 土木工程专业，跪求建筑工地实习日记30篇左右，和一篇实习报告
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At 20:45 on April 20 with the urban construction and rising highway construction, civil engineering profession continue to move up the employment situation in recent years. Find a job, for the majority of graduates is not difficult, however, the employment prospects of civil engineering with national policy and direction of economic development is closely related to the pay levels of their industry in recent years is showing a tendency of management than technology , and the shift from technology management, has also become a lot of civil engineering graduates inevitable career bottlenecks. How to stage at the university as a "money" passers-by ready to find the right career direction?
Wood soil engineering in general can be divided into road and bridge engineering and construction of two different directions, in the career, the direction of these two positions both the unity of the whole as well as the details of the specific distinction. Generally speaking, the civil engineering direction of the main jobs are as follows:
1, the direction of engineering and technology
On behalf of jobs: construction, and construction engineers, structural engineers, technical managers, project managers and so on.
On behalf of the industry: construction companies, real estate development enterprises, such as road and bridge construction enterprises.
Employment Prospects: Just like high-rise buildings we see around us is constantly where they stand, wide flat section of a road to continue to extend in all directions, the civil construction industry, engineering and technical personnel on demand also is growing. In 2004 to recruit the talent market to enter the various engineering and technical personnel to the enterprises involving a total of more than 100 industries, which in many cities in the talent market, the housing and civil engineering construction industry demand for talent has become the first. Along with economic development and transformation of the road network, urban infrastructure construction work in the deepening of civil engineering and technical personnel in the current and future demand for a certain period of time will continue to rise. In addition, road and bridge and upgrading of urban infrastructure, as long as the talent market is not over-saturated conditions, can be said to have a civil engineering and technical personnel has been a good employment prospects.
Typical career path: Construction workers / technicians - Engineers / Foreman, Section Manager - Technical Manager - Project Manager / Chief Engineer.
Annual salary of reference: Construction workers / technicians: 15,000 ~ 2.5 million; foreman: 25000 ~ 4 million; technical quality control manager: 45000 ~ 7 million; Project Manager: 50000 ~ 10 million;
Expert advice: As China's practice of constantly improving the certification system, civil engineering industry engineering and technical personnel not only need to master the professional knowledge and skill, but also need to obtain the necessary credentials to practice. Engineering and technical personnel of the relevant qualification to practice major national primary and secondary registered architect, registered civil engineer in the country, the national primary and secondary registered structural engineers. It should be noted that these qualifications are required to practice a certain number of years of relevant working experience can apply, so even if the civil engineering graduates took jobs to pay attention to the knowledge structure after the update, apply as soon as possible in order to obtain the relevant qualifications to practice. Want to pursue engineering and technical work of university students, in practice the choice of measurement on construction sites, building materials, geotechnical and road and bridge tenders of the roadbed, road, small bridge and culvert construction, surveying the work.
2, design, planning and budget direction
The representative of position: Project Designer, structural audit, urban planners, budget posts, Budget engineers.
Representatives of industry: engineering survey and design units, real estate development business, traffic or municipal engineering departments ** bodies, advisory bodies, such as project cost.
Employment Prospects: Survey and Design Institute of the various members of the engineering design of the continued growth of demand in recent years, urban planning as a new career, with the deepening of urban construction, but also the need for more modern design and planning professionals. With the rise of consulting, engineering, construction industry, such as Budget and Final Accounts of the advisory service has also become the new construction industry employment growth.
Typical career path: budget posts - budget Engineers - Senior Consultant.
Annual salary of reference: budget posts: 15000 ~ 3 million; budget Engineer: 25000 ~ 6 million; Town Planner: 40,000 ~ 70,000 yuan
Architect: 40000 ~ 10 million; total architect: 25 million yuan.
Expert recommendations: the need for such posts should be well versed not only expertise, but also requires sufficient\u5927\u5c40\u89c2and work experience. Under normal circumstances, its pay and work experience in direct proportion. As an example to architects, contemporary architecture also requires environmental protection and sustainable development, the architect needs to have a solid foundation and broad range of experience, at the same time learn and understand in practice. At present, the market for most of the architectural design professionals require more than 5 years of work experience, have a qualified registered architect, and served as a large residential development or construction project design. Such jobs also need to obtain the appropriate credentials to practice, such as construction engineers need to register through the national organization of professional architects to get the qualifying examination, "Registered Architect Qualification Certificate" to jobs, the budget cost engineers need to obtain registration of qualified engineers or budget . In addition, such procedures also need to engage in all aspects to enhance their own self-cultivation, such as the need to be familiar with computer operation and maintenance of proficiency in the use of CAD drawing to a variety of engineering drawings as well as P3, such as the preparation of construction production planning, and some jobs such as architects need to of anthropology, aesthetics, history, and different times in different countries have a deep architectural understanding of the essence, and to be together, forging their own style. These are the times from the students began to accumulate its own culture. Internship should be possible to select a number of units and work-related, such as real estate valuation, project budget, such as engineering drawing.
3, the quality of supervision and direction of project supervision
The representative of position: Project Management Engineer
On behalf of the industry: Construction, Road & Bridge Project Management Company, ** quality supervision departments works.
Employment Prospects: The project supervision is emerging in recent years as a professional, with the construction, road and bridge construction quality control of the increasingly standardized, Commissioner of the industry since its birth on the face of unprecedented opportunities for development and project supervision system with the country's growing sound has a more broad space for development.
Typical career path: Supervisor - Data members - who are directly responsible for the project - the professional supervision engineer - chief supervision engineer.
Annual salary of reference: the site supervisors: 18,000 ~ 2.5 million; projects were directly responsible for: 25,000 to 4 million; professional supervision engineer: 30,000 ~ 5 million; the overall supervision engineer: 40,000 ~ 80,000 yuan.
Experts recommend: Project Management Industry is an emerging industry, it is also a licensing system with the combination of the industry very closely, their jobs and personal qualifications for promotion are closely related to the acquisition. In general, the supervisors need to obtain permits provincial supervisors posts, projects were directly responsible for supervision engineers need to obtain the province or permit Supervisor jobs, work experience, have a stronger ability to work. Supervision of professional engineers need to obtain permits induction provincial supervision engineers, supervision engineers need to obtain the total national registered supervision engineer professional qualification certification. Wood soil engineering college students want to enter the industry, during the school can take part in the provincial highway system, construction supervision system of organized training courses, pass the exam supervisors after induction card, then work experience with a corresponding increase in levels of practice to obtain qualification certificates. During the internship period, the option with the road and bridge construction and the direction of the direction of their school supervision in line company engaged in site supervision, measurement, data management and so on.
4, the civil service, teaching and research direction
On behalf of jobs: civil servants, teachers
Representatives of industries: transportation, municipal administration departments, colleges, scientific research and design units.
Employment prospects: civil service reform as an ordinary university graduates to enter the open door ** organs, road and bridge construction industry brought about by the rapid development of the great civil engineering professionals need to make the demand for teachers resulting growth, but needs attention is that competition in these industries generally more intense, the need for job-seekers have a high professional level and overall quality.
Annual salary of reference: University Teachers: 25,000 to 4.5 million; secondary school teachers: 18,000 ~ 3 million; ordinary civil servants: 20,000 ~ 35,000 yuan.
Expert advice: want to engage in such trades, on the one hand, during in-school courses to learn to make their own high professional standards, and the other direction with particular attention to theoretical knowledge of the overall quality of learning and personal development, so they have a higher Putonghua, foreign languages, computers and better adaptability.
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施工技术的不断改进是工程建设可持续发展不变的旋律，施工的安全是工程建设永恒的主题。随着改革开放的不断深入，经济建设驶入了快车道，并不断提高自己的速度。随着全国建设小康社会的不断深入，城镇化建设的速度与规模与日惧增，无论是城市还是乡村，建筑工地鳞次栉比，一幢幢高楼拔地而起，一座座老城旧貌换新颜，人们对现代建筑的美观、舒适及其多功能的追求是不断在升级，施工技术正随着建筑物的高度而迅速提升。而同时，随之带来了很多新问题的出现，这当中最重要的要属施工的安全。安全问题贯穿于工程建设的始终，从施工到投入使用，安全无时无刻不牵挂着建设者和使用者的心。
施工技术的发展代表着本国建筑业发展的水平。“经济合理，技术先进”的发展方向才是一个国家建筑业是否发达的代表。中国建设部早在1990年开始推行的《建筑业十大新技术》在不少地方也只是看见几项，而并没有全面的应用在具体施工中，原因有很多，最重要的就是本地的经济实力比起南方沿海发达城市有很大的距离。设计方面在不少地方不存在任何问题，本地的设计人员都能赶超国内其他地区的同行，就是经济方面制约了地方建筑业施工技术的发展和运用新技术、新材料、新产品的能力！提高施工技术是有许多先决的条件，如经济实力、施工人员的素质、施工机械的水平、施工现场管理的能力等诸多因素。在某理工大学体育馆工程，遇见过这样的事例。该地区没有能起吊设计中钢梁的起重机械，不得以从外地租用了两辆大型起重机械才把钢梁安装完毕，进行施工的企业也是南方的某著名钢结构公司，这样无行中增大了施工成本和竣工的时间。
影响建筑安全的因素是错综复杂的，除工程建设本身众多因素的相互干扰与影响，工程的技术问题，材料的品质问题，工程的经济问题等等都从不同层面制约着建筑物的安全。工程安全不仅仅是工程技术问题，更是一个社会经济问题，它与人们的生活息息相关，涉及社会经济的发展和人类社会的进步。因此，在进行建筑工程设计和施工的每个环节，在追求工程经济效益及社会效益的同时，千万记住：安全是工程建设永恒的主题！
在建设施工安全方面，国家及地方主管部门抓得格外严格。除进行经济处罚外，出现人身伤亡事故的施工项目部、建设单位、监理单位等所有相关人员都要受到行政处罚，有关单位还会遭受降低企业资格等级的处罚。可还是有不可预料的“灾害”发生，如吊车工操作不当身亡；某工地在进行吊运过程中，吊物下落把一名正在操作搅拌机的施工人员头部打裂，当场死亡。这些触目惊心的事例再次说明：“施工安全重于泰山”。
二．施工质量与管理
施工质量与管理是相辅相程的关系，两者相互制约，相互促进。
必须有严格的管理，质量才能有保障，反过来，有好的质量必须有一整套严格的管理制度与之相照应。《建筑工程质量验收规范》GB50300—2002在建筑工程质量上做出了细致的规定，每个施工单位都以它做为施工质量评判的标准。下面就施工中常见的质量事故做简要分析，阐述施工质量与管理的关系。
1．底层模板支架沉降
a．原因分析：在施工过程中，管理不善，支模前不进行设计，立模后不仔细检查支架是否稳固，施工班组操作技工没有进行培训，不熟悉施工方法，盲目蛮干，导致发生工程事故。
b．保证质量措施：模板支架在浇筑砼前必须按规范要求，经过认真的设计计算来确定。施工前应将支模基土夯实填平，放好支架轴线位置，铺垫碎石垫层，支架下应设置垫块。
2．胀模
浇筑振捣过程中模板鼓出、偏移、爆裂甚至坍塌，出现胀模。
a．原因分析：模板侧向支撑刚度不够，模板太薄强度不足，夹挡支撑不牢固；柱模中如果柱箍间距过大，就会出现胀模现象。
b．保证质量措施：模板就位后，技术人员应详细检查，发现问题及时纠正。一般梁中部用铁丝穿过横档对拉，或用对拉螺栓将两侧模板拉紧；柱模应计算浇筑砼时的侧压力，检查箍距是否满足要求，及时加设达到标准的水平斜撑、剪刀撑等。
3．钢筋加工制作错误
a．原因分析：施工管理混乱，没有严格的检查制度，操作人员不经培训即到施工现场进行操作；不懂钢筋级别，工地没有配料单，操作人员责任心不强，使下料长度失控，时长时短。
b．保证质量措施：施工现场必须建立健全的质量检查制度，每道工序都要有检查，应严格按设计图纸要求制作出钢筋配料单，钢筋应先经过调直，除锈后再下料。同一规格的钢筋应统一挂牌，标明钢筋的级别、种类、直径等，运输、堆放、吊装时要有专人负责。技术人员要认真做好钢筋的隐蔽工程验收记录。
4．漏放构造钢筋
a．原因分析：对结构设计认识不全面，对构造钢筋的作用重视不够。再我看来多数都是重视不够而忘记还应该放置构造钢筋这回事，如少放或者不放梁中“腰筋”，柱下弯起钢筋等等。
b．保证质量措施：认真检查已经安装好的钢筋，补足构造钢筋，尤其是现浇板边、角部位，梁的支座部位，墙或板预留洞口的周围。施工时应采取有效措施保护构造钢筋的位置，不得随意踩踏等。
5．混凝土浇筑不当使构件存在缺陷
此缺陷在拆模后看的清楚，给予补救已经来不及。因为砼已经初凝，会出现蜂窝、麻面、凸凹不平、露筋、孔洞、夹渣等现象，影响结构耐久性要求。
保证质量措施：常用的处理方法有局部修复、灌浆、补强等。要制定合理的施工技术方案，明确操作要求，并向工作班组进行技术交底工作。明确责任，实行分界挂牌制，加强现场管理，浇筑砼时注意观察模板受荷后的情况，如果发现问题应及时解决。
可见，质量事故的出现都是管理方面存在的漏洞才出现的！因此，加强管理才能尽量减少质量方面问题的出现。
三.施工监理组织
自1988年开始,我国在建设领域开始进行建设工程监理制度试点工作，5年后逐步推行。1997年《中华人民共和国建筑法》以法律制度形式做出规定：“国家推行建设工程监理制度”，从而使建设工程监理在全国范围内进入执行阶段。它是我国工程建设管理体制的重大改革，对我国工程建设的管理产生了深远的影响。建设工程监理的重要内容概括为：“三控、两管、一协调”，既控制工程建设的投资，建设工期和工程质量；进行工程建设合同管理和信息管理；协调有关单位之间的关系。
建筑产品具有价值大，使用寿命长的特点，并且关系到人民的生命财产安全和健康生活环境。工程监理企业接受建设单位的委托，服务于建设单位，从产品需求者的角度对建设工程生产过程进行监督管理。采用事前、事中、事后的管理方式对材料、设备、构配件质量分项、分部工程质量严格进行监督检查，确保工程质量和使用安全。
比较正规的监理企业，他们人员素质高，企业管理制度健全，企业文化做得相当优秀。这当中有的监理公司人员老化，知识陈旧，已经不能适应当今的监理活动。还有的监理玩忽职守，那施工单位的好处，不认真履行监理职责，没有很好的服务于建设单位，这样的不规范、不正规的现象相信会随着市场的开放，法制的健全、完善而得到解决！
四．结束语
中国建筑业比起发达的西方国家还有着很多的差距，只有中国建筑行业的人员不断努力才能超过他们。当然，要改进的地方还有很多，一步一步脚踏实地的搞建设才是出路。
通过施工业务实习让我更多的了解中国建筑的发展水平和现状。实习是一面镜子，它可以照出我学习的成果；进行施工的施工企业是一面镜子，它可以照出企业的实力；当地的建筑施工水平是一面镜子，它可以照出中国建筑业发展的现状；中国建筑业的发展是一面镜子，它可以照出中国在世界各国建筑业中的位置！我为圆满的完成实习而高兴，更为以后能为中国建筑事业的发展做出贡献而骄傲和自豪！
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