文艺复兴时期的具体年代？
\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\uff1f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u53d1\u751f\u572814-17\u4e16\u7eaa
\u660e\u4ee3\uff1a\u516c\u51431368\u20141644\u5e74
\u6e05\u4ee3\uff1a\u516c\u51431644\u20141911\u5e74
\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u7ea6\u5728\u660e\u671d\u548c\u6e05\u671d\u521d\u5e74
The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere "be born")[1] was acultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform, this is a very general use of the term.
As a cultural movement, it encompassed a revival of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. Traditionally, this intellectual transformation has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revolutions in manyintellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term "Renaissance men".[2][3]
There is a general, but not unchallenged, consensus that the Renaissance began in Tuscany in the 14th century.[4] Various theories have been proposed to account for its origins and characteristics, focusing on a variety of factors including the social and civic peculiarities of Florence at the time; its political structure; the patronage of its dominant family, the Medici;[5] and the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy following the Fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.[6][7][8]
The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and there has been much debate among historians as to the usefulness ofRenaissance as a term and as a historical age.[9] Some have called into question whether the Renaissance was a cultural "advance" from the Middle Ages, instead seeing it as a period of pessimism and nostalgia for the classical age,[10] while others have instead focused on the continuity between the two eras.[11] Indeed, some have called for an end to the use of the term, which they see as a product ofpresentism \u2013 the use of history to validate and glorify modern ideals.[12] The word Renaissance has also been used to describe other historical and cultural movements, such as the Carolingian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th century.
文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，带来一段科学与艺术革命时期，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。
美国文艺复兴时期，也被称为新英格兰文艺复兴时期，19世纪30年代前后的内战结束。在美国东北部的新英格兰地区。洛威尔，霍姆斯，著名诗人朗费罗，爱默生，梭罗，霍桑，麦尔维尔，惠特曼和坡。
13世纪末至16世纪
1300至1500
绛旓細14涓栫邯鍒16涓栫邯銆傛枃鑹哄鍏存椂闂存槸鍙戠敓鍦ㄥ崄鍥涗笘绾腑鍙跺埌鍗佷竷涓栫邯鍒濓紝瀵瑰綋鏃朵互鍙婁粖鍚庡緢闀挎椂闂村唴鐨勬娲茬ぞ浼氬彂灞曢兘浜х敓浜嗘繁杩滃奖鍝嶃傛枃鑹哄鍏磋繍鍔ㄦ槸涓鍦哄弽鏄犳柊鍏磋祫浜ч樁绾ц姹傜殑娆ф床鎬濇兂鏂囧寲杩愬姩锛岃屼笖涔熸槸瑗挎杩戜唬涓夊ぇ鎬濇兂瑙ｆ斁杩愬姩涔嬩竴銆傚畠鏄洓琛屼簬14涓栫邯鍒17涓栫邯鐨勪竴鍦烘娲叉濇兂鏂囧寲杩愬姩銆
绛旓細鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鏄寚13涓栫邯鏈湪鎰忓ぇ鍒╁悇鍩庡競鍏磋捣锛屼互鍚庢墿灞曞埌瑗挎鍚勫浗锛屼簬16涓栫邯鍦ㄦ娲茬洓琛岀殑涓鍦烘濇兂鏂囧寲杩愬姩锛屽甫鏉ヤ竴娈电瀛︿笌鑹烘湳闈╁懡鏃舵湡锛屾彮寮浜嗚繎浠ｆ娲插巻鍙茬殑搴忓箷锛岃璁や负鏄腑鍙ゆ椂浠ｅ拰杩戜唬鐨勫垎鐣屻傞┈鍏嬫濅富涔夊彶瀛﹀璁や负鏄皝寤轰富涔夋椂浠ｅ拰璧勬湰涓讳箟鏃朵唬鐨勫垎鐣屻13涓栫邯鏈湡锛屽湪鎰忓ぇ鍒╁晢涓氬彂杈剧殑鍩庡競锛屾柊鍏寸殑璧勪骇闃剁骇...
绛旓細娆ф床鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鏃舵湡锛涓鑸寚14涓栫邯涓彾鑷16涓栫邯鏈彾瑗挎鍙戠敓鏂囪壓澶嶅叴杩愬姩鐨勫巻鍙叉椂鏈銆傝繖涓鏃舵湡锛屽湪瑗挎锛岄殢鐫灏佸缓鍒跺害鐨勮“钀斤紝璧勬湰涓讳箟鐢熶骇鐨勮悓鑺斤紝涓滆タ鏂逛氦寰鐨勫彂灞曪紝鍑虹幇浜嗘柊鍏寸殑璧勪骇闃剁骇鍜屾柊鐨勮吹鏃忛樁灞傘備粬浠负璋嬪彇鑷韩鐨勭粡娴庡埄鐩婂拰鏀挎不鍦颁綅锛屼互澶嶅叴鍙や唬甯岃厞缃楅┈鏂囧寲鐨勫舰寮忥紝鎺璧蜂簡鍙嶅灏佸缓鏂囧寲锛屽垱閫犺祫浜ч樁绾ф柊...
绛旓細鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鍦ㄥ墠锛鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鐨勬椂闂存槸14涓栫邯鍒16涓栫邯锛涘伐涓氶潻鍛界殑鏃堕棿鏄18涓栫邯60骞翠唬--19涓栫邯40骞翠唬銆1銆佹枃鑹哄鍏 鏂囪壓澶嶅叴锛圧enaissance锛夋槸鎸囧彂鐢熷湪14涓栫邯鍒16涓栫邯鐨勪竴鍦哄弽鏄犳柊鍏磋祫浜ч樁绾ц姹傜殑娆ф床鎬濇兂鏂囧寲杩愬姩銆傛枃鑹哄鍏存渶鍏堝湪鎰忓ぇ鍒╁悇鍩庡競鍏磋捣锛屼互鍚庢墿灞曞埌瑗挎鍚勫浗锛屼簬16涓栫邯杈惧埌椤跺嘲锛屽甫鏉ヤ竴娈电瀛︿笌鑹烘湳闈╁懡...
绛旓細鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鏃舵湡鏄寚14涓栫邯鍒16涓栫邯瑗挎涓庝腑娆у浗瀹跺湪鏂囧寲鎬濇兂鍙戝睍涓殑涓涓椂鏈銆傚湪杩欎釜鏃舵湡锛屾娲茬殑鍚勫ぇ鍥藉鏃ョ泭寮哄ぇ锛屽畻鏁欐濇兂鍜岃涓轰篃閮藉彂鐢熶簡鍙樺寲銆傛枃鑹哄鍏村師鎰忔槸鍦ㄥ彜鍏歌鑼冪殑褰卞搷涓嬶紝鑹烘湳鍜屾枃瀛︾殑澶嶅叴銆傚湪缁忓巻浜嗗皝寤烘暀浼氱殑1000骞寸粺娌诲悗锛屼汉浠紑濮嬫專鑴辩簿绁炴潫缂氾紝琚閿㈠骞寸殑鍙ゅ吀鏂囧寲鍙堝紩璧蜂汉浠殑閲嶈锛屾垚涓...
绛旓細娆ф床鏂囪壓澶嶅叴瀵瑰簲涓浗鐨勫勾浠ｅ簲璇ユ槸鏄庢湞銆傛枃鑹哄鍏达紙Renaissance锛夋槸鎸囧彂鐢熷湪14涓栫邯鍒16涓栫邯鐨勪竴鍦哄弽鏄犳柊鍏磋祫浜ч樁绾ц姹傜殑娆ф床鎬濇兂鏂囧寲杩愬姩銆傛槑鏈濓紙1368骞-1644骞达級鏄腑鍥藉巻鍙蹭笂鏈鍚庝竴涓敱姹夋棌寤虹珛鐨勫ぇ涓缁熺帇鏈濓紝鍏变紶鍗佸叚甯濓紝浜浗浜岀櫨涓冨崄鍏勾銆傛枃鑹哄鍏寸殑鍘嗗彶鍦颁綅 鏂囪壓澶嶅叴淇冧娇娆ф床浜轰粠浠ョ涓轰腑蹇冭繃娓″埌浠ヤ汉涓...
绛旓細鎰忓ぇ鍒╂槸浜烘枃涓讳箟鏂囧鐨勫彂婧愬湴锛屼絾涓併佸郊鐗规媺鍏嬨佽杽浼戒笜鏄枃鑹哄鍏寸殑鍏堥┍鑰咃紝琚О涓衡滄枃鑹哄鍏翠笁棰楀法鏄熲濓紝涔熺О涓衡滄枃鍧涗笁鏉扳濄傚彟澶栵紝16涓栫邯鎰忓ぇ鍒鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鏃舵湡缁樼敾鑹烘湳鑷讳簬鎴愮啛锛屽叾浠ｈ〃鐢诲鏈夎瑾変负鈥滆壓鏈笁鏉扳濓紝浠栦滑鍒嗗埆鏄細鍒楀ゥ绾冲路杈韭疯姮濂囥佺背寮鏈楀熀缃楀拰鎷夋枑灏斻
绛旓細鏂囪壓澶嶅叴婧愪簬13涓栫邯鏅氭湡鐨勪經缃椾鸡钀紝15涓栫邯鍚庢湡璧锋墿灞曞埌瑗挎鍚 鍥斤紝16涓栫邯杈惧埌榧庣洓锛屽湪13涓栫邯鏅氭湡鐨勪經缃椾鸡钀ㄥ嚭鐜颁簡鏂囪壓澶嶅叴涓夋澃锛屼絾涓(DANTE(锛1265 骞达紞1321骞达級鐨勭鏇诧紙la divina)銆佽杽浼戒笜Giovanni Boccaccio鐨 鍗佹棩璋堬紝褰肩壒鎷夊厠Francesco Petrarch鐨勬瓕闆嗕互鍙婁箶鎵橈紙Giotto)锛1267骞达紞1337骞达級鐨勭粯鐢伙紝鍒拌揪鑺...
绛旓細绠浠 [缂栬緫鏈] 鏂囪壓澶嶅叴鏃舵湡濮嬩簬鍗佸洓涓栫邯鐨勪箟澶у埄锛岀矖鐣ユ寚娑夋娲蹭粠涓笘绾埌杩戜唬涔嬮棿鎵缁忓巻鐨勮繖鍥涚櫨澶氭椂闂淬傛枃鑹哄鍏翠竴璇嶆剰鎸囬噸鐢熸垨澶嶆椿锛屽畠鏄竴涓湨鑳х殑姒傚康锛屾病鏈夋竻妤氱殑寮濮嬫垨缁撴潫鏃ユ湡锛屼絾閫氬父鍙互娑垫嫭娆ф床鐢遍噹铔殑榛戞殫鏃朵唬婕旇繘鍒颁竴涓湪鍚勪釜棰嗗煙閮芥湁鏂板彂灞曠殑鏃朵唬锛岃岃繖浜涢鍩熺殑鎴愬氨鍧囪秴瓒婁簡浼熷ぇ鐨勫彜鏂...
绛旓細鏂囪壓澶嶅叴锛14鑷17涓栫邯 瀹楁暀鏀归潻锛16涓栫邯鑷17涓栫邯 鍚挋杩愬姩锛18涓栫邯鍒濊嚦1789骞 绗竴娆″伐涓氶潻鍛斤細18涓栫邯60骞翠唬~19涓栫邯40骞翠唬銆傜浜屾宸ヤ笟闈╁懡锛19涓栫邯70骞翠唬-20涓栫邯鍒
