初中化学质量分数，溶质计算
\u521d\u4e09\u5316\u5b66\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u6709\u5173\u8ba1\u7b97\u56e0\u4e3a\u6070\u597d\u53cd\u5e94\uff0cZn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2\u2191\uff0c 65 98 161 2 26 X Y Z\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c42\u5f97X=39.2g\uff0cY=64.4g\uff0cZ=0.8g\u3002\u786b\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3aa=39.2g/200g\u00d7100%=19.6%\uff1b\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u7406\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u8d28\u91cfM=200g+26g-0.8g=225.2g\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u786b\u9178\u950c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570b=64.4g/225.2g\u00d7100%\u224828.6%\u3002
\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u662f\u7b54\u6848\uff1f
15.
CaCO3+ 2HCl = H2O + CO2 + CaCl2
100 74 44 112
x 69.5*1.05 y z
\uff08\u6c2f\u630936\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u630935.5\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u9053\u7406\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\uff09
\u89e3\u5f97x=
y=(\u81ea\u5df1\u7b97\u5427\uff09
z=
\u6240\u6c42\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570=z/\uff08x+69.5*1.05 - y)=
16.
\uff081\uff092.8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u51cf\u5c11\u4e865g\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u518d\u6b21\u51cf\u5c115g\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u8f83\u5c113.2g\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e0e\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u3002
\uff082\uff09\uff0816-2.8\uff09/16=82.5%
\uff083\uff09 CaCO3+ 2HCl = H2O + CO2 + CaCl2
100 74 44 112
16-2.8 x
\u89e3\u5f97x=
\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u53ea\u7528\u4e8660g\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u6ca1\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570=\uff08x/60\uff09*100%=
设铜的质量为X
2Cu + O2 = 2CuO
128 160
X 12g
所以 128/X=160/12g
解得X=9.6g
所以镁的质量为2.4g
镁的质量分数为2.4g/12g乘以百分之百等于百分之20
设氯化镁的质量分数为Y
则有Mg + 2HCI = MgCL2 + H2↑
24 73
2.4g 49gY
所以24/2.4g =73/49gY
解得Y=百分之14.9
绛旓細鍒濅腑鍖栧婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍏紡濡備笅锛婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁 =婧惰川璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺脳100% =婧惰川璐ㄩ噺/(婧惰川璐ㄩ噺+婧跺墏璐ㄩ噺)脳100% 銆傛憾璐ㄨ川閲忓垎鏁扮殑鍏紡鏄細婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁=婧惰川璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺銆傞ケ鍜屾憾娑层佷笉楗卞拰婧舵恫涓庢憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟鐨勫叧绯汇傛憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟鍜岄ケ鍜屼笉楗卞拰鏃犵洿鎺ュ叧绯汇備絾鍦ㄩケ鍜屾憾娑蹭腑锛屾憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟=婧惰В搴/(婧...
绛旓細2..婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁 =婧惰川璐ㄩ噺锛坓锛/婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺锛坓锛塢*100 楗卞拰婧舵恫,婧惰川璐ㄩ噺锛氭憾鍓傝川閲=S:100 婧惰川璐ㄩ噺锛氭憾娑茶川閲=S:锛100+S)楗卞拰婧舵恫 婧惰川璐ㄩ噺锛氭憾鍓傝川閲==S锛100 楗卞拰婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟==[S/锛100+S锛塢*100 3.婧惰В搴 S锛漑婧惰川璐ㄩ噺锛坓锛/婧跺墏璐ㄩ噺锛坓锛塢*100g 4銆佹憾娑茬█閲婂湪绾胯绠楀櫒 鍏紡:V1...
绛旓細1銆佹恫浣撶殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛氳川閲忓垎鏁=婧舵恫涓憾璐ㄨ川閲忎笌婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺*100%锛屾憾娑茶川閲=婧惰川璐ㄩ噺+婧跺墏璐ㄩ噺锛屾棤鍗曚綅銆2銆佸浐浣撶殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛氳川閲忓垎鏁=鎵姹傜墿璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺/鎬荤殑鐗╄川鐨勮川閲*100%锛屾棤鍗曚綅銆傚畾涔変竴 璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟(mass fraction)鏄寚婧惰川璐ㄩ噺涓庢憾娑茶川閲忕殑鐧惧垎姣旓紙婧惰川B鐨勮川閲忓崰婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺鐨勫垎鏁帮級鎴栥傜敤绗﹀彿蠅琛ㄧず銆傝绠...
绛旓細3锛庢憾璐ㄨ川閲忓垎鏁帮紳 婧惰川璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺脳100%锛 婧惰川璐ㄩ噺/锛堟憾璐ㄨ川閲+婧跺墏璐ㄩ噺锛壝100 鍦ㄤ竴瀹氭俯搴︿笅鐨勯ケ鍜屾憾娑查噷锛氭憾瑙ｅ害锛圫鍏嬶級涓庢憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛坧%锛夌殑鍏崇郴 S=100P/(100-P) g p%= S/(100+S)X100 4锛庡姞姘寸█閲婃祿婧舵恫杩囩▼涓紝婧惰川璐ㄩ噺涓嶅彉锛堝鍔犳按鐨勮川閲忎负m锛夋祿婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺脳娴撴憾娑叉憾璐ㄨ川閲...
绛旓細璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟(mass fraction)鏄寚婧惰川璐ㄩ噺涓庢憾娑茶川閲忕殑鐧惧垎姣旓紙婧惰川B鐨勮川閲忓崰婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺鐨勫垎鏁帮級鎴栥傜敤绗﹀彿蠅琛ㄧず銆璁＄畻鍏紡涓猴細 W(B)=m(B)/m锛涗笂寮忎腑蠅(B)鐨勯噺绾蹭负1锛屼篃鍙敤鐧惧垎鏁拌〃绀恒傚叕寮忎娇鐢ㄦ敞鎰忎簨椤 1銆佽嫢婧惰川鍏ㄩ儴婧朵簬姘达紝涓斾笉涓庢按鍙戠敓鍖栧鍙嶅簲锛岀洿鎺ュ埄鐢ㄤ笂杩拌绠楀叕寮忚繘琛岃绠椼2銆佽嫢婧惰川铏戒笉涓...
绛旓細鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害锛氳姹傛憾璐ㄧ殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺/婧舵恫浣撶Н 锛堝崟浣嶁斺攎ol/L,mol/mL锛婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛氳姹傛憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫鎬昏川閲 锛堝崟浣嶁斺攇/g%锛夋憾鍓傝川閲忓垎鏁帮細婧跺墏璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫鎬昏川閲 锛堝崟浣嶁斺攇/g% 锛夊崟涓婧惰川婧舵恫鐨勬憾鍓傝川閲忓垎鏁扮瓑浜庯紙1-婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛...
绛旓細涓嬮潰鏄憾娑茬殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害鐨璁＄畻鍏紡,瀹冭〃绀轰簡鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涓庤川閲忓垎鏁颁互鍙婃憾娑插瘑搴︿箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴.c=1000蟻蠅锛廙 鍗曚綅涓篻/mol 鍏朵腑 1000--1000ml 蟻--婧舵恫瀵嗗害,鍗曚綅g/ml 蠅--婧舵恫婧惰川鐨璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟,鍗曚綅 M--婧惰川鐨勬懇灏旇川閲 蠅=cM/1000蟻
绛旓細= 2CuO 128 160 X 12g 鎵浠 128/X=160/12g 瑙ｅ緱X=9.6g 鎵浠ラ晛鐨勮川閲忎负2.4g 闀佺殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟涓2.4g/12g涔樹互鐧惧垎涔嬬櫨绛変簬鐧惧垎涔20 璁炬隘鍖栭晛鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁颁负Y 鍒欐湁Mg + 2HCI = MgCL2 + H2鈫 24 73 2.4g 49gY 鎵浠24/2.4g =73/49gY 瑙ｅ緱Y=鐧惧垎涔14.9 ...
绛旓細涓銆佹憾娑蹭腑婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟鐨勮绠楋細婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟绛変簬婧惰川璐ㄩ噺闄や互婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺鐨勫间箻浠ョ櫨鍒嗕箣鐧俱備簩銆佸寲鍚堢墿銆佺函鍑鐗╀腑鏌愬厓绱犺川閲忓垎鏁扮殑璁＄畻锛氭煇鍏冪礌璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟绛変簬鏌愬厓绱犵浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲忎箻浠ュ師瀛愪釜鏁伴櫎浠ュ寲鍚堢墿鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忕殑鍊间箻浠ョ櫨鍒嗕箣鐧俱備笁銆佹贩鍚堢墿涓煇鍖栧悎鐗╃殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟璁＄畻锛氬寲鍚堢墿鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁扮瓑浜庡寲鍚堢墿璐ㄩ噺闄や互...
绛旓細1銆佹妸6.2鍏嬫哀鍖栭挔婧朵簬93.8鍏嬫按涓紝姹傛墍寰楁憾娑茬殑婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟銆傜瓟妗堬細婧舵恫鐨勮川閲忎负6.2鍏+93.8鍏嬶紳100鍏 璁炬哀鍖栭挔婧朵簬姘寸敓鎴愭阿姘у寲閽犵殑璐ㄩ噺涓篨 銆 銆Na2O + 2 H2O== 2 NaOH 62銆80 6.2鍏 銆X 62锛80锛6.2鍏嬶細X銆X锛8鍏 鎵寰楁憾娑茬殑婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛濊川閲忕殑璐ㄩ噺/婧舵恫鐨勮川...
