惠斯通平衡电桥是怎么回事呀？ 什么叫电流平衡电桥，和惠斯登电桥有什么区别
\u7528\u6ed1\u7ebf\u5f0f\u60e0\u65af\u901a\u7535\u6865\u6d4b\u7535\u963b\u65f6,\u7535\u6865\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u7535\u6865\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u7535\u963br1\uff0cr2\uff0cr3\uff0cr4\u53eb\u505a\u7535\u6865\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u81c2\uff0cg\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u6240\u5728\u7684\u652f\u8def\u6709\u65e0\u7535\u6d41\u3002
\u5f53g\u65e0\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u79f0\u7535\u6865\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u81c2\u7684\u963b\u503c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53ef\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u963b\u3002\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1\u6240\u5728\u652f\u8def\u7535\u6d41\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u5219\u6709\uff0c\u6d41\u8fc7r1\u548cr3\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u8bb0\u4f5ci1\uff09\uff0c\u6d41\u8fc7r2\u548cr4\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u8bb0\u4f5ci2\uff09\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u8def\uff1a
\u5728\u56db\u8fb9\u5f62\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e24\u7aef\u63a5\u4e0a\u7535\u6e90\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u4e24\u7aef\u63a5\u6307\u96f6\u4eea\u5668\u3002\u8c03\u8282\u6865\u81c2\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6307\u96f6\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u7535\u538b\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7535\u6865\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5229\u7528\u7535\u6865\u5e73\u8861\u65b9\u7a0bZ1Z3=Z2Z4\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u6865\u81c2\u4e2d\u5df2\u77e5\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6c42\u5f97\u88ab\u6d4b\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u53c2\u91cf (\u5982\u7535\u963b\u3001\u7535\u611f\u548c\u7535\u5bb9)\u3002
\u5047\u8bbe\u56db\u4e2a\u7535\u963b\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f53s\u95ed\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1a\u201cR3*R2=R1*R4\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u89d2\u7684\u7535\u963b\u4e58\u79ef\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u65f6Uad\u7b49\u4e8e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662fad\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u7535\u538b\u3002
\u7535\u6865,\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6865\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u6cb3\u4e0a\u67b6\u4e86\u4e24\u5ea7\u6865,\u6865\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u5c0f\u6865\u4e92\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5,\u5448H\u578b,\u5c0f\u6865\u4e0a\u6709\u4eba\u76d1\u89c6\u5c0f\u6865\u4eba\u6d41,\u5728\u4e24\u5ea7\u6865\u987a\u7545\u65f6,\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4eba\u6d41\u591a\u5c11,\u6865\u5bbd\u591a\u5c11,\u5c0f\u6865\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7,\u56e0\u6865\u4e0a\u4eba\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u90fd\u4e00\u6837,\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6865\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684,\u76d1\u89c6\u4eba\u76d1\u89c6\u4e0d\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7.\u82e5\u4e0d\u7ba1\u54ea\u4e2a\u6865\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316,\u53d8\u5bbd\u6216\u53d8\u7a84,\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4eba\u6d41\u7684\u5e73\u8861,\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u5411\u6865\u9762\u53d8\u5bbd\u7684\u6865\u8d70\u53bb,\u76d1\u89c6\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4eba\u4ece\u5c0f\u6865\u4e0a\u8d70\u8fc7.\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u6865\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u6a2a,\u5e76\u53ef\u77e5\u9053.\u90a3\u6bb5\u6865\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316.
\u7535\u6865\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3,\u628a\u6865\u6362\u6210\u7535\u963b\uff084\u4e2a\uff09,\u68c0\u6d4b\u4eba\u6362\u6210\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1,\u5c31\u53ef\u68c0\u6d4b\u6865\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u60c5\u51b5.\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7535\u963b\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684,\u5f53\u68c0\u6d41\u8ba1\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u5230\u7535\u6d41\u65f6,\u8bf4\u660e\u7535\u6865\u5df2\u5e73\u8861,\u672a\u77e5\u7535\u963b\u7b49\u4e8e\u6865\u81c2\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\u7535\u963b.\u5728\u7535\u6865\u4e0a,\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e24\u5bf9\u7535\u963b\u4e4b\u6bd4,\u7b49\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e24\u5bf9\u7535\u963b\u4e4b\u6bd4.
\u60e0\u65af\u767b\u7535\u6865\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u6d41\u5e73\u8861\u7535\u6865,\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u963b.\u5728\u7535\u6865\u91cc,\u4e09\u4e2a\u6865\u81c2\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u963b\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u7684,\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u88ab\u6d4b\u7535\u963b\u8fbe\u5230\u5e73\u8861,\u5c31\u53ef\u8bfb\u51fa\u8be5\u7535\u963b\u7684\u963b\u503c.
如图所示用比较法测量电阻的电路，又叫单臂电桥。电阻R1、R2、R3、R4叫桥臂电阻，灵敏电流计好像在c、d两点间架设的一道桥。电桥电路既不是串联电路，也不是并联电路或串联、并联电路。
电桥的应用有两种方式：(1)平衡方式；(2)不平衡方式。调节R3、R4的比值使电流计中电流为零，这时电桥处于平衡，c、d两点电势相等，电
不平衡电桥是指中有电流通过。如果R1是热敏电阻，由中的电流可求出温度。电阻温度计就是用不平衡电桥来测量温度的。不平衡电桥还用于自动控制电路。
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ュ氨鏄竴绉嶇洿娴佸崟鑷傜數妗锛岄傜敤浜庢祴涓肩數闃伙紝鍏跺師鐞嗙數璺鍥炬墍绀恒傝嫢璋冭妭鐢甸樆鍒板悎閫傞樆鍊兼椂锛屽彲浣挎娴佽G涓棤鐢垫祦娴佽繃锛屽嵆B銆丏涓ょ偣鐨勭數浣嶇浉绛夛紝杩欐椂绉颁负鈥滅數妗ュ钩琛♀濄傜數妗ュ钩琛★紝妫娴佽涓棤鐢垫祦閫氳繃锛岀浉褰撲簬鏃燘D杩欎竴鏀矾锛屾晠鐢垫簮E涓庣數闃1R銆亁R鍙湅鎴愪竴鍒嗗帇鐢佃矾锛涚數婧愬拰鐢甸樆2R銆丼R鍙湅鎴愬彟...
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ユ槸涓绉嶇數璺祴閲忎华鍣紝鐢ㄤ簬娴嬮噺鐢甸樆鍊兼垨鑰呮娴嬫湭鐭ョ數闃荤殑鍑嗙‘鍊銆傚畠鏄敱鑻卞浗鐗╃悊瀛﹀鏌ュ皵鏂锋儬鏂氬湪19涓栫邯鍙戞槑鐨勩傛儬鏂氱數妗ョ殑鍘熺悊鍩轰簬鐢佃矾涓數娴佺殑鍒嗘祦鍜岀數鍘嬬殑鍒嗗帇瑙勫緥銆傚畠鐢卞洓涓數闃荤粍鎴愶紝褰㈡垚涓涓钩琛＄數妗ャ傝繖鍥涗釜鐢甸樆鍒嗗埆涓篈銆丅銆丆鍜孌锛屽叾涓瑿涓烘湭鐭ョ數闃伙紝A鍜孊涓哄凡鐭ョ數闃汇傛儬鏂氱數妗ョ殑宸...
绛旓細鐢垫ˉ鐨勫簲鐢ㄦ湁涓ょ鏂瑰紡锛(1)骞宠 鏂瑰紡锛(2)涓嶅钩琛℃柟寮銆傝皟鑺俁3銆丷4鐨勬瘮鍊间娇鐢垫祦璁′腑鐢垫祦涓洪浂锛岃繖鏃剁數妗ュ浜庡钩琛★紝c銆乨涓ょ偣鐢靛娍鐩哥瓑锛岀數 涓嶅钩琛＄數妗ユ槸鎸囦腑鏈夌數娴侀氳繃銆傚鏋淩1鏄儹鏁忕數闃伙紝鐢变腑鐨勭數娴佸彲姹傚嚭娓╁害銆傜數闃绘俯搴﹁灏辨槸鐢ㄤ笉骞宠 鐢垫ˉ鏉ユ祴閲忔俯搴︾殑銆備笉骞宠 鐢垫ˉ杩樼敤浜庤嚜鍔ㄦ帶鍒剁數璺傚弬鑰冭祫鏂欙細http:/...
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ワ紙鍙堢О鍗曡噦鐢垫ˉ锛夋槸涓绉嶅彲浠ョ簿纭祴閲忕數闃荤殑浠櫒銆俁1锛孯2鏄凡鐭ユ爣鍑嗙數闃伙紱Rs鏄彲鍙樻爣鍑嗙數闃伙紱Rx鏄娴嬬數闃籅锛孌闂存帴妫娴佽銆傛帴閫氱數璺悗锛屾娴佽涓鑸笉绀洪浂锛岃鏄嶣锛孌涓ょ偣鐢典綅涓嶇浉绛夛紝閫氳繃璋冭妭Rs锛屼娇妫娴佽涓棤鐢垫祦閫氳繃锛圛K=0锛夛紝姝ゆ椂鐢佃揪鍒板钩琛°傜數妗ュ钩琛＄殑鏉′欢鏄疊锛孌涓ょ偣鐢典綅鐩哥瓑锛屽嵆I1R1...
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ユ槸涓绉嶇敤浜庢祴閲忕數闃荤殑鐢佃矾瑁呯疆銆傛儬鏂氱數妗ョ敱鍥涗釜鐢甸樆缁勬垚锛岃繖鍥涗釜鐢甸樆杩炴帴鎴愪竴涓洓杈瑰舰锛屽叾涓瑙掔嚎涓婄殑涓や釜鐢甸樆绉颁负妗ヨ噦鐢甸樆锛屽彟澶栦袱涓數闃诲垯绉颁负姣旂巼鑷傜數闃汇傞氳繃璋冭妭姣旂巼鑷傜數闃荤殑闃诲硷紝鍙互浣跨數妗ヨ揪鍒板钩琛＄姸鎬侊紝鍗崇數妗ヤ袱绔殑鐢典綅宸负闆躲傚湪杩欑鐘舵佷笅锛屽彲浠ラ氳繃娴嬮噺妗ヨ噦鐢甸樆鐨勯樆鍊煎拰閫氳繃鐢垫ˉ...
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ユ槸鐢卞洓涓數闃荤粍鎴愮殑鐢垫ˉ鐢佃矾锛岃繖鍥涗釜鐢甸樆鍒嗗埆鍙仛鐢垫ˉ鐨勬ˉ鑷傦紝鎯犳柉閫氱數妗ュ埄鐢ㄧ數闃荤殑鍙樺寲鏉ユ祴閲忕墿鐞嗛噺鐨勫彉鍖栵紝鍗曠墖鏈洪噰闆嗗彲鍙樼數闃讳袱绔殑鐢靛帇鐒跺悗澶勭悊锛屽氨鍙互璁＄畻鍑虹浉搴旂殑鐗╃悊閲忕殑鍙樺寲锛屾槸涓绉嶇簿搴﹀緢楂樼殑娴嬮噺鏂瑰紡銆傛儬鏂氱數妗 闈骞宠 鐢垫ˉ涓鑸敤浜庢祴閲忕數闃诲肩殑寰皬鍙樺寲锛屼緥濡傚皢鐢甸樆搴斿彉鐗囷紙灏嗙數闃讳笣鍋氭垚...
绛旓細鍜 鐢甸樆B 涓茶仈 , 鐢甸樆C 鍜 鐢甸樆D 涔熶覆鑱 鐒跺悗鎶婁笂杩颁袱鑰呭苟鑱斿湪涓璧 鏈鍚 灏嗗苟鑱旂數璺腑 鐢甸樆A鍜岀數闃籅 涔嬮棿涓 鐢甸樆C鍜岀數闃籇 涔嬮棿 鐢ㄤ竴鏍瑰绾胯繛鎺ヨ捣鏉 杩欐牱鐨勭數璺氨鍙 鎯犳柉椤跨數妗 鐢垫ˉ骞宠 灏辨槸璇存渶鍚庡湪涓棿杩炵殑閭ｆ牴瀵肩嚎涓病鏈夌數娴侀氳繃 鏉′欢鏄洓涓數闃荤殑闃诲间氦鍙夌浉涔 鐩哥瓑鐨勬椂鍊 灏骞宠 浜......
绛旓細褰鎯犳柉閫氱數妗澶勪簬骞宠 鐘舵佹椂锛屽叾鐗规ф樉钁椼傛鏃讹紝妫娴佽鎵鍦ㄧ殑鏀矾鐢垫祦涓洪浂锛屽彲浠ュ緱鍑轰互涓嬩袱涓叧绯伙細锛1锛夋祦缁忕數闃籖1鍜孯3鐨勭數娴両1鐩哥瓑锛屽悓鏍凤紝娴佺粡R2鍜孯4鐨勭數娴両2涔熺浉绛夛紝璁颁綔I1鍜孖2銆傚彟澶栵紝鑺傜偣B鍜孌鐨勭數浣嶇浉绛夛紝鍗砋B绛変簬UD銆傝繖灏辨剰鍛崇潃I1涔樹互R1绛変簬I2涔樹互R2锛涚敱浜庡洓涓數闃诲煎凡鐭ワ紝鎴戜滑鍙互閫氳繃...
绛旓細鎯犳柉閫氱數妗锛堝張绉板崟鑷傜數妗ワ級鏄竴绉嶅彲浠ョ簿纭祴閲忕數闃荤殑浠櫒銆傚湪涓涓氱敤鐨勬儬鏂氱數妗ヤ腑锛岀數闃籖1锛孯2锛孯3锛孯4鍙仛鐢垫ˉ鐨勫洓涓噦锛孏涓烘娴佽锛岀敤浠ユ鏌ュ畠鎵鍦ㄧ殑鏀矾鏈夋棤鐢垫祦銆傚綋G鏃犵數娴侀氳繃鏃讹紝绉扮數妗ヨ揪鍒骞宠 銆傚钩琛℃椂锛屽洓涓噦鐨勯樆鍊兼弧瓒充竴涓畝鍗曠殑鍏崇郴锛屽埄鐢ㄨ繖涓鍏崇郴灏卞彲娴嬮噺鐢甸樆銆傜數妗ョ數鍘嬬殑璁＄畻鏂规硶濡...
绛旓細鍙︿竴瀵硅绾挎帴鍏ユ娴佽G銆傚彲浠ラ氳繃璋冭妭鍚勫凡鐭ョ數闃荤殑鍊间娇G涓棤鐢垫祦閫氳繃锛屽垯鐢垫ˉ骞宠 锛屾湭鐭ョ數闃籖2=R1路R4/R3銆3銆鎯犳柉閫氱數妗灞炰簬鐩存祦鐢垫ˉ锛屽畠鐨勭壒鐐瑰氨鏄細鐢垫簮閲囩敤鐩存祦锛屾祴閲忕數璺娇鐢ㄧ殑鐢垫簮涔熸槸鐩存祦锛岃屼笖鍏惰〃澶淬佹瘮杈冭噦銆佹瘮渚嬭噦娴佽繃鐨勭數娴佹ц川閮芥槸鐩存祦銆4銆佸叾浠栫數妗ワ細锛1锛夋枃姘忕數妗 锛2锛夐害鍏嬫柉闊︾數妗 ...
